BRIGHT FUTURE INTERNATIONAL

SCHOOL-DOHA
Class IX
Subject MATHEMATICS
Unit 5
Topic Inequalities, equations
and formulae
Academic Year 2023 – 2024
 SCHOOL MISSION

BFIS aims to develop knowledge, character and

interpersonal skills among the students, and transform
them into self-motivated ethical citizens, who contribute
positively and effectively towards shaping morally and
culturally progressing societies
 SCHOOL VISION

BFIS envisages to provide accessible, affordable and

progressive educational environment that nurtures
passion for learning desire for advancement and sense of
responsibility towards society.
WORDS MEANING
1. Wagging
2. Corroded
3. Inscriptions
4. Excavated
5. Automation
SIMPLIFYING ALGEBRAIC
EXPRESSIONS
You can simplify algebraic expressions by collecting like terms.
Examples

1 Simplify

a 8ab  3ab  5ab

b 5pq  2pq  3qp  4pq

c 7y  4  2y  8  7y  4  2y  8

 5y  4

d 2x  3x  5  4x  7  2x  3x  5  4x  7

 5x  12

e x 2  3x  7  x 2  8x  10  x 2  3x  7  x 2  8x  10

 2x 2  5x  3
Simplifying algebraic expressions with brackets

2(x  4) means 2 lots of (x  4) or 2  (x  4)

x 4
The area of rectangle A = 2  x  2x
2 A B The area of rectangle B = 2  4  8
Total area = 2x + 8

The diagram shows that 2(x  4)  2x  8

When you multiply out the brackets you must multiply each term inside the
bracket by the term outside the bracket.

2 (x  4)  2x  8
Examples

1 Expand

a 3 (x  5)  3x  15

b 7 (x  2)  7x  14

c 5 (2y  4)  10y  20

d x (x  6)  x 2  6x

e 3 (5  7x)  15  21x

Examples

2 Expand and simplify

a 3 (x  5)  2 (x  3)  3x  15  2x  6

 5x  9

b 7 (2  x)  3 (2x  3)  14  7x  6x  9

 23  13x
2
c x (x  4)  2 (3x  1)  x  4x  6x  2

 x 2  2x  2
SOLVING LINEAR
EQUATIONS
Example
1 Solve 2x  3  11

2x  3  11 take 3 from both sides

2x  3  3  11 3

2x  8 divide both sides by 2

2x 8

2 2
x4
Example
2 Solve 3x  2  16

3x  2  16 add 2 to both sides

3x  2  2  16  2

3x  18 divide both sides by 3

3x 18

3 3
x6
Example
3 Solve 2(3x  1)  4x  5

2(3x  1)  4x  5 expand the brackets

6x  2  4x  5 take 4x from both sides

6x  2  4x  4x  5  4x

2x  2  5 add 2 to both sides

2x  2  2  5  2

2x  7 divide both sides by 2

2x 7

2 2
1
x3
2
Example
4 Solve 12(x  1)  2(2x  9)

12(x  1)  2(2x  9) expand the brackets

12x  12  4x  18 take 4x from both sides

8x  12  18 add 12 to both sides

8x  30 divide both sides by 8

30
x
8
3
x3
4
Example
5 Solve 2(3x  1)  (2x  5)  15

2(3x  1)  (2x  5)  15 expand the brackets

6x  2  2x  5  15 simplify

4x  7  15 take 7 from both sides

4x  8 divide both sides by 4

x2
Example
5 Solve 7x  5  41 3x

7x  5  41 3x add 3x to both sides

10x  5  41 add 5 to both sides

10x  46 divide both sides by 10

46
x
10
x  4.6
Example
6 Solve 5  2(x  1)  3x  7

5  2(x  1)  3x  7 expand the brackets

5  2x  2  3x  7 simplify

3  2x  3x  7 add 2x to both sides

3  5x  7 add 7 to both sides

10  5x divide both sides by 5

x2
Example
7 The three angles of the triangle are shown in terms of x.
70  3x NOT TO
a Find the value of x. SCALE
b Write down the size of each angle in the triangle.

5x  20 x  24

a 5x  20  70  3x  x  24  180 simplify

3x  114  180 take 114 from both sides

3x  66 divide both sides by 3

x  22
b 5x  20  5  22  20  110  20  130
70  3x  70  3  22  70  66  4 Angles are:
130o, 4o and 46o
x  24  22  24  46
Example 4(x  1)
8 Find the length of a side of this square.
All lengths are in cm.
2(3x  2)

2(3x  2)  4(x  1) expand the brackets

6x  4  4x  4 take 4x from both sides

2x  4  4 add 4 to both sides

2x  8 divide both sides by 2

x4

Length of side = 4(x  1)  4  (4  1)  4  5  20 cm

Example 7x  9
9 Find the length of the rectangle.
All lengths are in cm.

5(7  3x)

7x  9  5(7  3x) expand the brackets

7x  9  35  15x add 15x to both sides

22x  9  35 add 9 to both sides

22x  44 divide both sides by 2

x2

Length of rectangle = 7x  9  7  2  9  14  9  5 cm
Example
10 Expression A is 7 more than expression B.
Find the value of x.
A B
7(x  4) 3(x  5)

7(x  4)  7  3(x  5) expand the brackets

7x  28  7  3x  15 simplify

7x  21 3x  15 take 3x from both sides

4x  21 15 take 21 from both sides

4x  36 divide both sides by 4

x  9
Example
x
11 Solve  5  10
3

x
 5  10 add 5 to both sides
3
x
 15 multiply both sides by 3
3
x
3  3  15
3

x  45
Example
x4
12 Solve 3
7

x4
3 multiply both sides by 7
7
x4
7 73
7

x  4  21 take 4 from both sides

x  17
Example
2x  3
13 Solve 6
5

2x  3
6 multiply both sides by 5
5

2x  3  30 add 3 to both sides

2x  33 divide both sides by 2

1
x  16
2
Example
5
14 Solve 37
x

5
37 take 3 from both sides
x
5
4 multiply both sides by x
x

5  4x divide both sides by 4

5
x
4
1
x 1
4
Example
5
15 Solve 6 
x2

5
6 multiply both sides by (x + 2)
x2

6(x  2)  5 expand the brackets

6x  12  5 take 12 from both sides

6x  7 divide both sides by 6

7
x
6
1
x  1
6
Example
15 Solve x6 x4

3 5

x6 x4
 multiply both sides by 15
3 5
5 (x  6) 3 (x  4)
15   15  expand the brackets
3 5

5x  30  3x  12 take 3x from both sides

2x  30  12 add 30 to both sides

2x  42 divide both sides by 2

x  21
There is a quicker method for doing the last example.
The quick method can be used when there is a ‘single’ fraction on each side of
the ‘=‘ sign.

x6 x4
 ‘cross multiply’
3 5

5(x  6)  3(x  4) expand the brackets

5x  30  3x  12 take 3x from both sides

2x  30  12 add 30 to both sides

2x  42 divide both sides by 2

x  21
Example
16 Solve 8  x 2x  2

2 5

8  x 2x  2
 ‘cross multiply’
2 5

5(8  x)  2(2x  2) expand the brackets

40  5x  4x  4 add 5x to both sides

40  9x  4 take 4 from both sides

36  9x divide both sides by 9

x4
Example
17 Solve 3(x  1) 2x  1

4 3

3(x  1) 2x  1
 ‘cross multiply’
4 3

3  3(x  1)  4(2x  1) expand the brackets

9x  9  8x  4 take 8x from both sides

x  9  4 add 9 to both sides

x5
CONSTRUCTING
FORMULAE
Examples

1
Prices
ice-lolly $2

ice-cream $3

Write down a formula for the cost C, in $, of x ice-lollies and y ice-creams.

cost of x ice-lollies = 2 × x = 2x

cost of y ice-creams = 3 × y = 3y

C  2x  3y
Examples

2
Cooking time for a chicken

• allow 45 minutes per kg

• then cook for an extra 30 minutes

Write down a formula for the time T, in minutes, to cook a chicken that has
a mass of w kg.
w kg at 45 minutes per kg = 45 × w = 45w minutes

an extra 30 minutes is needed

T  45w  30
Examples

3
Car hire costs

• $50

• plus $60 for each day that the car is hired

Write down a formula for the total cost C, in $, to hire a car for n days.

n days at $60 per day = 60 × n = 60n

there is an extra $50 to pay

C  60n  50
Examples

x4

2x  5

Write down a formula for the perimeter P of this rectangle.

P  total distance around the edge of the rectangle

P  2x  5  x  4  2x  5  x  4 collect like terms

P  6x  18
SUBSTITUTION INTO
FORMULAE
Example
5a  7
1 If a  3 work out the value of .
2

5a  7 537 15  7 8
    4
3 2 2 2
Example

2 If a  5 work out the value of 2b 2  3.

2b 2  3  2  5 2  3  2  25  3  50  3  47
Example

3 If a  3 and b  7 work out the value of 5(2a  4b).

5(2a  4b)  5(2  3  4  7)  5(6  28)  5  34  170

Example
4 A formula for finding the final velocity (v) of a moving car is
v  u  at
Work out the value of v when
u  12, a  5 and t  10.

v ua t

v  12  5  10

v  12  50

v  62
Example
5 The formula for the area (A) of trapezium is a
1
A (a  b)h
2 h
Work out the value of A when
a  4, b  6 and h  5. b

1
A (a  b)h
2
1
A  (4  6)  5
2
1
A  10  5
2

A  25
INDICES 1
 index or power

7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 75
base
Multiplying: 3 2  35  (3  3)  (3  3  3  3  3)  37

RULE 1 am × an = am + n

333333
Dividing: 36  32   34
33

RULE 2 am ÷ an = am − n

Raising to a power: (4 2 )3  (4  4)  (4  4)  (4  4)  4 6

RULE 3 (am)n = am × n
Examples

1 Simplify a y4 × y5 b x7 ÷ x4 c (p3)4

a y 4  y 5  y 45  y 9 add the powers

b x 7  x 4  x 74  x 3 subtract the powers

c (p 3 )4  p 34  p12 multiply the powers

Examples

2 Simplify a 2p 2q 5  5p 4q 3 b 6a5b7
2a 2b3

a 2p 2q 5  5p 4q 3  2  5  p 2  p 4  q 5  q 3
 10  p 24  q 53
 10p 6q 8
b 6a5b7 6
  (a5  a 2 )  (b7  b3 )
2a 2b3 2

 3  a52  b73
 3a3b 4
 33 1
Negative powers: 32  34   2
3333 3

and 3 2  3 4  3 24  3 2
1
so 3 2  2
3
RULE 4 1
a m 
am

3333
Zero powers: 34  34   1
3333

and 3 4  3 4  3 44  30

so 30  1

RULE 5 a0 = 1
Examples
2
 
1 Work out the values of a 2−3 b 70 c (−2)−3 d 3
 4 

a 1 1 1
23   
23 222 8
b 70  1

1 1 1
c (2)3    
(2)3 (2)  (2)  (2) 8

2 2
 3  4 4 4 16
d        
 4  3 3 3 9
Examples

2 Simplify a y4 × y−7 b 3x−5 × 2x4 c y4 ÷ y−7 d (p−3)4

a y 4  y 7  y 47  y 47  y 3 add the powers

b 3x 5  2x 4  3  2  x 5  x 4  6  x 54  6x 1

c y 4  y 7  y 47  y 11 subtract the powers

d (p 3 )4  p 34  p 12 multiply the powers

INDICES 2
Reminder

RULE 1 am × an = am + n

RULE 2 am ÷ an = am − n

RULE 3 (am)n = am × n

RULE 4 1
a m 
am

RULE 5 a0 = 1
Fractional indices
1 1
Consider 9 9 and 9 9
2 2

1 1

 33 9 2 2

9  91  9
1
So 9  9
2

1
The index 1
2
means ‘square root’ a  a
2

1
The index 1
3
means ‘cube root’ a 3a
3

This can be written more generally as:

1
The index 1
n
means ‘nth root’ a na
n
Examples

1 1 1 1
 21
1 Find the value of a 16 2 b 25 2 c 16 4 d 125 3 e 36
1
a 16 2
16  4
1
b 25 2
25  5
1
c 16 4 4
16  2
1
d 125  3 125  5
3

1 1 1
e  21
36   
6
1
36 2 36
 8    8 
2 1 2 2
8 3
can be written as 3 3
 22  4

similarly

 32 1 1 1 1
8 can be written as   2 
 8
2 2
8 3 3 2 4

In general:

 a
m m
a 
n n
Examples
3 2 3
 32  34
2 Find the value of a 16 4 b 64 3 c 25 2 d 125 e 81

   
3 1 3 3
a 16  16
4 4
 4
16  23  8

  64    64 
2 1 2 2
b 64 3 3 3
 4 2  16

  25    25 
3 1 3 3
c 25 2 2
 53  125
 32 1 1 1 1 1
d 125     
   
2 2 2 2
125 3
125
1
3 3
125 5 25

 34 1 1 1 1 1
e 81     
   81
3 3 3 3
81 4
81
1
4 4 3 27
Examples
2 Find the value of n if 2n  32

first write 32 as a power of 2

32  2  2  2  2  2  25

so

2n  25

n5
Examples
1
3 Find the value of n if 5 
n

125
1
first write 125 as a power of 5

1 1 1
  3  5 3
125 5  5  5 5
so

5n  5 3

n  3
Examples
4 Find the value of n if 5n1  125

first write 125 as a power of 5

125  5  5  5  53

so

5n1  53

n  1 3

n4
Examples
5 Find the value of n if 43n2  16 2
first write 162 as a power of 4

 
2
16  4
2 2
 44
so

43n2  4 4

3n  2  4

3n  6

n2
SOLVING LINEAR
INEQUALITIES
> means ’is greater than’ ≥ means is greater than or equal to’

< means ‘is less than’ ≤ means ‘is less than or equal to’
You solve a linear inequality in a similar way to solving linear equations.

3x  2  12 take 2 from both sides

3x  10 divide both sides by 3

10 change the improper fraction to a mixed number

x
3
1
x3
3

You need to be careful if you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number.

You must reverse the inequality sign.
eg −2 < 5 multiplying both sides by −1 gives 2 > −5
Inequalities can be shown on a number line.

x  3
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6

x4
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6

x 1
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6

x  2
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
Examples
1 Solve 2x  5  3 and show your answer on a number line.

2x  5  3 add 5 to both sides

2x  8 divide both sides by 2

x4

−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
Examples
2 Solve 7  2x  5 and show your answer on a number line.

7  2x  5 take 7 from both sides

2x  2 divide both sides by −2 (remember to reverse the inequality sign)

x 1

−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
Examples
3 Solve 3x  4  2(x  3) and show your answer on a number line.

3x  4  2(x  3) expand brackets

3x  4  2x  6 take 2x from both sides

x  4  6 add 4 to both sides

x  2

−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
Examples
4 Solve 4  3x  1 16 and show your answer on a number line.

4  3x  1 16 take 1

3  3x  15 divide by 3

1 x  5

−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
Examples
5 Solve x  2x  1 7 and show your answer on a number line.

split the inequality into two parts and solve separately

x  2x  1 take 2x from both sides 2x  1 7 take 1 from both sides

x  1 multiply both sides by −1 2x  6 divide both sides by 2

x  1 x3

−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
The numbers that satisfy both inequalities are 1 x  3
This can be shown on a number line as:

−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6
REARRANGING FORMULAE 1
Example
1 Rearrange the formula ax  b  c to make x the subject.

ax  b  c take b from both sides

ax  c  b divide both sides by a

cb
x
a
Example
2 Rearrange the formula x(p  q)  2 to make x the subject.

x(p  q)  2 divide both sides by (p − q)

2
x
pq
Example
2x
3 Rearrange the formula  pq to make x the subject.
5

2x
 pq multiply both sides by 5
5

2x  5pq divide both sides by 2

5pq
x
2
Example
xp
4 Rearrange the formula t to make x the subject.
p

xp
t multiply both sides by p
p

x  p  pt add p to both sides

x  pt  p
Example
3x  5a
5 Rearrange the formula  c to make x the subject.
b

3x  5a
c multiply both sides by b
b

3x  5a  bc add 5a to both sides

3x  bc  5a divide both sides by 3

bc  5a
x
3
Example
ab
6 Rearrange the formula c to make x the subject.
x

ab
c multiply both sides by x
x

a  b  cx divide both sides by c

ab
x
c
Example
2a  3bx
7 Rearrange the formula  d to make x the subject.
5c

2a  3bx
d multiply both sides by 5c
5c

2a  3bx  5cd take 2a from both sides

3bx  5cd  2a divide both sides by 3b

5cd  2a
x
3b
Example
x2
8 Rearrange the formula c b to make x the subject.
a

x2
c b multiply both sides by a
a

ac  x 2  ab take ab from both sides

x 2  ac  ab square root both sides

x   ac  ab
Example
9 Rearrange the formula ax  b  cd to make x the subject.

ax  b  cd square both sides

ax  b  c 2d 2 take b from both sides

ax  c 2d 2  b divide both sides by a

c 2d 2  b
x
a
Example
10 Rearrange the formula 3 x  y  5z to make x the subject.

3 x  y  5z square both sides

9(x  y )  25z 2 divide both sides by 9

25z 2
xy  take y from both sides
9
25z 2
x y
9
REARRANGING
FORMULAE 2
1 Make x the subject of the formula ax – bx = c

ax  bx  c factorise

x(a  b)  c divide both sides by (a – b)

c
x
ab
2 Make x the subject of the formula ax + b = 5x + 4

ax  b  5x  4 collect xs on one side

ax  5x  4  b factorise

x(a  5)  4  b divide both sides by (a – 5)

4b
x
a5
3 Make x the subject of the formula a(x − 5) = b(x + 2)

a(x  5)  b(x  2) expand the brackets

ax  5a  bx  2b collect xs on one side

ax  bx  2b  5a factorise

x(a  b)  2b  5a divide both sides by (a – b)

2b  5a
x
ab
 2xy
4 Make x the subject of the formula f 
xy

2xy
f multiply both sides by x − y
xy
f (x  y )  2xy expand the brackets

fx  fy  2xy collect the xs on one side

fx  2xy  fy factorise

x(f  2y )  fy divide both sides by (f – 2y)

fy
x
f  2y
 x
5 Make x the subject of the formula b
cx

x
b square both sides
cx
x
b2  multiply both sides by c − x
cx
b 2 (c  x)  x expand the brackets

b 2c  b 2 x  x collect the xs on one side

b 2c  x  b 2 x factorise

b 2c  x(1 b 2 ) divide both sides by (1 + b2)

b 2c
x
1 b 2
 a
6 Make x the subject of the formula bc
x

a
bc multiply both sides by x
x
a  bx  cx collect the xs on one side

a  cx  bx factorise

a  x(c  b) divide both sides by (c – b)

a
x
cb