PHOTOGRAPHY FOR

DESIGNER
PFD 201
CONTENT

• CHAPTER 1: History of Photography

• CHAPTER 2: Camera & Lens
• CHAPTER 3: Photography accessories
• CHAPTER 4: Light and Exposure
• CHAPTER 5: Using Light
• CHAPTER 6: Seeing Like a Camera
• CHAPTER 7: Digital Workplace Basics
• CHAPTER 8: Image Editing
• CHAPTER 9: Printing and Display
• CHAPTER 10: Organizing and Storing
 Chapter 1
HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Content
• Visual Arts & Photography
• Part I: The beginning of camera
• Part II: The growth of photography
in 20th century
• Part III: The digital era
VISUAL ARTS &
PHOTOGRAPHY
 WHAT IS VISUAL ARTS?

Creative art whose products are to be appreciated

by sight, such as painting, sculpture, and film-
making (as contrasted with literature and music).

by Oxford University Press Dictionaries

Venus de Milo 130 - 100 BC

6
VISUAL ARTS

Here is a partial list:

Painting & Drawing

Printmaking

Sculpture

Architecture

Graphic

Photography

Cinematography

Mona Lisa, 1517 by Leonardo Da Vinci

7
VISUAL ARTS

Relativity, 1953 by M. C. Escher Marilyn Diptych, 1962 by Andy Warhol

8
VISUAL ARTS

Starry Nigh, 1889 by Van Gogh

Los Caprichos, 1797 - 1798 by Francisco Goya

9
 VISUAL ARTS

The Great Wave off Kanagawa, 1829–1832 by Hokusai

Madonna, 1894–1895 by Edvard Munch 10

VISUAL ARTS

Les Voyageurs, 2013 by Bruno Catalano Agitagueda, 2013 by Sextafeira Produções,

11
WHAT IS
PHOTOGRAPHY?
A photograph (photo) is an image
created by light falling on a light-
sensitive surface, usually photographic
film or an electronic medium.
Most photographs are created using a
camera, which uses a lens to focus the
scene's visible wavelengths of light into
a reproduction of what the human eye
would see.
The process and practice of creating
photographs is called Photography.
The word "photograph" was coined in 1839 by Sir John Herschel and
is based on the Greek φῶς (phos), meaning "light", and γραφή
(graphê), meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning "drawing with
light".
The First Cameras

LÉONARD DE VINCI

The basic concept of photography has been around since about the 5th century B.C.E. It wasn't
until an Iraqi scientist developed something called the camera obscura in the 11th century that the
art was born.
Even then, the camera did not actually record images, it simply projected them onto another
surface. The images were also upside down, though they could be traced to create accurate
drawings of real objects such as buildings.
The first camera obscura used a pinhole in a tent to project an image from outside the tent into the
darkened area. It was not until the 17th century that the camera obscura became small enough to
be portable. Basic lenses to focus the light were also introduced around this time.
“LA TABLE SERVICE” – JOSEPH
NICÉPHORE NIÉPCE in 1822
 BRIEF HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
5th-4th Centuries B.C.
Chinese and Greek philosophers describe the basic principles of optics and the camera.
1664-1666
Isaac Newton discovers that white light is composed of different colors.
1727
Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that silver nitrate darkened upon exposure to light.
1794
First Panorama opens, the forerunner of the movie house invented by Robert Barker.
1814
Joseph Niepce achieves first photographic image with camera obscura - however, the image
required eight hours of light exposure and later faded.
1837
Louis Daguerre's first daguerreotype - the first image that was fixed and did not fade and needed
under thirty minutes of light exposure.
1840
First American patent issued in photography to Alexander Wolcott for his camera.
1841
William Henry Talbot patents the Calotype process - the first negative-positive process making
possible the first multiple copies.
1843
First advertisement with a photograph made in Philadelphia.
1851
Frederick Scott Archer invented the Collodion process - images required only two or three seconds
of light exposure.
1859
Panoramic camera patented - the Sutton.
1861
Oliver Wendell Holmes invents stereoscope viewer.
16
 BRIEF HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
1865
Photographs and photographic negatives are added to protected works under copyright.
1871
Richard Leach Maddox invented the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process - negatives no
longer had to be developed immediately.
1880
Eastman Dry Plate Company founded.
1884
George Eastman invents flexible, paper-based photographic film.
1888
Eastman patents Kodak roll-film camera.
1898
Reverend Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
1900
First mass-marketed camera—the Brownie.
1913/1914
First 35mm still camera developed.
1927
General Electric invents the modern flash bulb.
1932
First light meter with photoelectric cell introduced.
1935
Eastman Kodak markets Kodachrome film.
1941
Eastman Kodak introduces Kodacolor negative film.

17
 BRIEF HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
1942
Chester Carlson receives patent for electric photography (xerography).
1948
Edwin Land markets the Polaroid camera.
1954
Eastman Kodak introduces high speed Tri-X film.
1960
EG&G develops extreme depth underwater camera for U.S. Navy.
1963
Polaroid introduces instant color film.
1968
Photograph of the Earth from the moon.
1973
Polaroid introduces one-step instant photography with the SX-70 camera.
1977
George Eastman and Edwin Land inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
1978
Konica introduces first point-and-shoot, autofocus camera.
1980
Sony demonstrates first consumer camcorder.
1984
Canon demonstrates first digital electronic still camera.
1985
Pixar introduces digital imaging processor.
1990
Eastman Kodak announces Photo CD as a digital image storage medium.

18
 KIND OF CAMERAS

Antique Cameras from 18th century to 20th century 19

 KIND OF CAMERAS

Antique Cameras from 18th century to 20th century 20

 HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
PART I: THE BEGINNING OF CAMERA

21
Taking a photo with an “a small head brace"
"Boulevard du Temple", taken by Daguerre in 1838 in Paris, includes the
earliest known candid photograph
 HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
PART II: THE GROWTH OF PHOTOGRAPHY
IN 20TH CENTURY

24
Henry Cartier-Bresson
25
Garry Winogrand
Marilyn Monroe, "Seven Year Itch"
set, New York City from the
portfolio Big Shots1955

26
Alfred Eisenstaedt Photo, 1945
27
The Wonder of Instant Images
Advanced Image Control
Introducing Smart Cameras
HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY
PART III: THE DIGITAL ERA

31
 The Digital Age

• In the 1980s and 1990s, numerous manufacturers worked on cameras

that stored images electronically. The first of these were point-and-shoot
cameras that used digital media instead of film.
• By 1991, Kodak had produced the first digital camera that was advanced
enough to be used successfully by professionals. Other manufacturers
quickly followed and today Canon, Nikon, Pentax, and other
manufacturers offer advanced digital SLR (DSLR) cameras.
• Even the most basic point-and-shoot camera now takes higher quality
images than Niépce’s pewter plate, and smartphones can easily pull off a
high-quality printed photograph.
Starving Child and Vulture 1993

Kevin Carter
33
The soul of Homeless in pictures

“It’s deeply affecting each time I gaze upon it. The pain is obvious
Lee Jeffries and it leaves me agonizing with visualizations of the depths of her
despair and the life she must have had to put it there.”

34
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Assignment I
Choose a famous photographer, research information
about their bio and photos then do a presentation on:
1. Background history
2. Major influences and interests
3. Educational background
4. Published works
5. Choose their photos, discuss what you like/dislike about
these photos.
6. Your own opinion and insights into their life and works