WELCOME

TO THE
SUBJECT
THE IT ERA
THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
LIVING IN THE IT ERA
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• Information technology (IT) is the use of any
computers, storage, networking and other physical
devices, infrastructure, and processes.
• IT use to create, process, store, secure and
exchange all forms of electronic data.
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
• Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technological
and Educational Research.
• Computer is one of the most important devices and machines
invented by humans since the beginning of mankind.
• It is known that the computer consists mainly of physical
components (Hardware), intangible components such as
operating systems and software.
WHAT ARE THE COMPUTER COMPONENTS?
The major components of the general-purpose computer system are:
• Output Unit
• The Input Unit
• Storage Unit or Main/Internal Memory
• Central Processing Unit (CPU).
WHAT ARE THE COMPUTER COMPONENTS?

Input units
are the units responsible
for entering programs, and
different data for the
device.

Output units
are the units responsible for all
views, and the results are
executed according to the
instructions that the user issues
to them
WHAT ARE THE COMPUTER COMPONENTS?
The CPU is divided into three parts:
Control Unit (CU):
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
Coordinates processes between
Performs arithmetic operations, such
different units of the computer,
as subtraction, division, addition,
controlling all inputs and outputs
comparison, order, and sorting.
to and from various units in the
computer.

Main memory:
This memory is usually used in
storing programs, data being
processed, performing business.
INTERNAL
COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
• Are the computer devices that
you can see inside of the system
unit (inside the chassis)
• Connected or built in to your
computer’s motherboard
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Power Supply: A device located in the back of a computer's box,
providing power for its work and performance.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Motherboard: connects directly or
indirectly to every part of the
computer.
 Its task is to coordinate cooperation
between different devices, and the
transfer of data and the delivery of
information to different parts of the
computer.
 The motherboard is the
computer's main circuit board.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 also called a processor
 The processor is the mastermind
that receives all the commands
and works to process them and
gives the results in the form of
different information.
 It is sometimes called the brain of
the computer, and its job is to
carry out commands.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Memory
There are two types of memory, namely:
a. temporary memory or also known as random memory as well as permanent
memory, as the memory is the memory on which the device depends mainly
on the implementation of various commands and contribute greatly to
increase the speed of the computer and the processing of different
information.

b. As for the permanent memory, it retains the basic information necessary to

maintain the basic system and programs and cannot be changed.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Random Access Memory (RAM)
 is your system's short-term memory. Whenever your computer
performs calculations, it temporarily stores the data in the RAM until it
is needed.
 This short-term memory disappears when the computer is turned off.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Hard drive
 The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are
stored.
 The hard drive is long-term storage, which means the data is still
saved even if you turn the computer off or unplug it.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Video card/ graphic card
 The video card is responsible for what you
see on the monitor.
 Most computers have a GPU (graphics
processing unit) built into the motherboard
instead of having a separate video card.
 If you like playing graphics-intensive games, you
can add a faster video card to one of
the expansion slots to get better performance.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS

Expansion cards
 Most computers have expansion slots on
the motherboard that allow you to add various
types of expansion cards.
 These are sometimes called PCI (peripheral
component interconnect) cards.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS

Sound card
 Is also called an audio card
 is responsible for what you hear in the
speakers or headphones.
 Most motherboards have integrated sound,
but you can upgrade to a dedicated sound
card for higher-quality sound.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS

Network card
 The network card allows your computer to communicate
over a network and access the Internet.
 It can either connect with an Ethernet cable or through
a wireless connection (often called Wi-Fi).
 Many motherboards have built-in network connections,
and a network card can also be added to an expansion
slot.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Bluetooth card (or adapter)
 Bluetooth is a technology for wireless communication
over short distances.
 It's often used in computers to communicate with
wireless keyboards, mice, and printers.
 It's commonly built into the motherboard or included in
a wireless network card.
 For computers that don't have Bluetooth, you can
purchase a USB adapter, often called a dongle.
INTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
EXTERNAL
COMPUTER
COMPONENTS
Are the computer devices that
you can see outside of the
system unit
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Keyboard
• It is one of the most important
tools used to enter the
information and numbers and
different characters to the
computer to address and get
the results.
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Mouse
• It is a tool used to mark
or identify certain
information that appears
on the computer screen,
and it needs a person or
an assistant to manage
it correctly.
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Microphone
• A device that specializes
in receiving sounds and
inserting them into the
computer in order to
modify or retain them.
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Scanner
• A device that helps to
insert various images
and graphics into a
computer, converting it
from its graphic nature
to another digital nature.
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Printer
• Used to output
information, data, such
as numbers, letters, and
images printed on
paper.
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Plotters
• Used in the output of
geometric drawings, and
in various sizes, and
then printed on paper.
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Camera
• which works to capture
different images and
keep them in the device.
EXTERNAL COMPUTER COMPONENTS
Disc unit/
• Data is entered through
a floppy, digital, and
compact discs.
CD-ROM

Floppy Disk
Drive
COMMON COMPUTER
CONNECTOR TYPES
• A computer port is an interface point between
an electronic device, such as a laptop computer,
and another peripheral device or computer.
• This connection point enables functionalities,
such as the transmission of data, power, audio
and video.
• Ports may serve as sources of input, output or
both.
COMMON COMPUTER CONNECTOR TYPES

HDMI (connects
to monitor, TV, or DVI (connects to monitor,
projector) TV, or projector)
LINE IN
(audio device blue)

LINE OUT
(speaker green) MICROPHONE
VGA PORT (connects to
(pink)
monitor, TV, or projector)
COMMON COMPUTER CONNECTOR TYPES
ETHERNET PORT
PS/2 PORT (connect to the
(connects to the network, internet,
mouse) cable, modem)

USB PORT 2 USB PORT 3

Black port Blue port (to
(to connect and connect and
transfer data) transfer data) AC Power (supply
PS/2 (connects 480 Mbps 4.8 Gbps power to the whole
to the keyboard) system unit)
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?
Operating system
• It is the system that contains all the commands that
enable the computer to perform various tasks.
• Windows, Linux, and Android are examples of operating systems
that enable the user to use programs like MS Office, Notepad,
and games on the computer or mobile phone.
• It is necessary to have at least one operating system installed in
the computer to run basic programs like browsers.
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?
Examples of popular operating systems include:
Windows:
 Microsoft Windows is the most popular desktop operating system, used by
over 1 billion users worldwide.
 It has a wide range of features and applications, including the Office suite,
gaming, and productivity tools.
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?
Examples of popular operating systems include:
MacOS:
• macOS is the desktop operating system used by Apple Mac computers.
• It is known for its clean, user-friendly interface, and is popular among
creative professionals.
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?
Examples of popular operating systems include:
Linux:
 Linux is an open-source operating system that is available for free and can
be customized to meet specific needs.
 It is used by developers and businesses, as well as individuals who prefer
an open-source, customizable operating system.
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?
The core functions of an operating system include:
 Managing hardware resources: An operating system manages resources
such as CPU, memory, and disk space, and assigns these resources to
running applications.
 Running applications: An operating system provides an environment in
which applications can run and interact with the user.
 Providing a user interface: An operating system provides a graphical user
interface (GUI) that allows users to interact with the computer.
WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?
Features of Operating Systems
Here is a list of some important features of operating systems:
1. Provides a platform for running applications
2. Handles memory management and CPU scheduling
3. Provides file system abstraction
4. Provides networking support
5. Provides security features
6. Provides user interface
7. Provides utilities and system services
8. Supports application development
WHAT IS APPLICATION SOFTWARE?
Application software (App)
• is a kind of software that performs specific functions for the end user by
interacting directly with it.
• The sole purpose of application software is to aid the user in doing
specified tasks.
WHAT IS APPLICATION SOFTWARE?
Functions of Application Software
Application software programs are generally designed and developed to help with a wide
range of tasks. Here are a few examples:

 Software for healthcare applications for seamless connectivity and quick response
 Managing information and data in an organization
 Managing and checking documents across
 Software for educational purposes such as Learning Management Systems and e-
learning systems
 Development of visuals and video for presentation purposes
WHAT IS APPLICATION SOFTWARE?
Functions of Application Software
Application software programs are generally designed and developed to help with a wide
range of tasks. Here are a few examples:
 Emails, text messaging, audio and video conferencing involved in presentation
 Management of accounting, finance, and payroll helping the HR department and other
businesses
 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
 Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
 Management of any small or large scale project
 Management of smooth and efficient business processes
WHAT IS APPLICATION SOFTWARE?
Examples of Application Software
The most frequent applications used by millions of people on a daily
basis are listed below.

 A collection of Microsoft software including MS Office, PowerPoint,

Word, Excel, and Outlook.
 Common Internet browsers like Google Chrome, Safari, Firefox, etc.
 Graphics and designing software such as Canva, Adobe Photoshop,
CorelDraw, and AutoCAD.
 Real-time online communication tools like Skype, Hangouts, Google
Meet, Zoom, and Whatsapp for video, and audio calls and messages.
WHAT IS APPLICATION SOFTWARE?
Examples of Application Software
The most frequent applications used by millions of people on a daily
basis are listed below.
 Multimedia and music streaming software such as Wynk, Gaana, MX
Player, VLC Media Player, Spotify, Pandora, etc. are used for
entertainment purposes.
• Project management software like Teams, Asana, Zoho, Slack,
Forecast, etc for official purposes