RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

Dr. A. Archudha
MEANING OF RESEARCH
 Search of knowledge

 Art of Scientific investigation

 Investigation and enquiry specially through new fact

 A movement from known to unknown

 Clifford Woody: Defining and redefining problems,

formulating hypothesis, collecting, organizing and
evaluating data
DEFINING RESEARCH AND ITS
PURPOSE
 scientific and systematic search for pertinent information
on a specific topic

 enhance our understanding of a phenomenon, validate

existing theories, or contribute new knowledge to a
particular field

 The purpose of research extends beyond mere data

collection; it involves a structured and logical process
that ensures the reliability and validity of the findings
OBJECTIVES

Discover answers to questions

Find the hidden truth

Gain familiarity with phenomenon

To portray accurately the characteristics of an

individual, situation or group

Determine frequency of something occurs

Test a hypothesis
MOTIVATION

Face
challenge Get
Research Serve the Earn
s in Intellectu
Degree society Respect
solving al joy
problem
TYPES OF RESEARCH
 Basic

 Applied

 Exploratory

 Quantitative

 Qualitative

 Longitudinal

 Cross Sectional
 TYPES

Objective: To advance knowledge and understanding without any immediate practical

1. Fundamental
application.
Research (Pure
Research):
Focus: Fundamental principles and theories.

Example: Theoretical physics research to understand the fundamental nature of particles.

Objective: To solve a specific problem or address a practical issue.

2. Applied
Research:
Focus: Practical application of knowledge.

Example: Developing a new drug to treat a specific medical condition

 TYPES

Objective: Use already available facts to make new evaluation

3. Descriptive
Research the nature of a problem.
Focus: Understanding

Example: Preliminary studies before conducting more in-depth research.

Objective: To describe the characteristics of a phenomenon.

4. Descriptive
Focus: Providing
Researchan accurate portrayal of the situation.

Example: Surveys to describe the demographic characteristics of a population.

 TYPES

5. Quantitative
Methodology: Involves the collection and analysis of numerical data
Research
Example: Surveys with closed-ended questions, experiments with measurable outcomes

Methodology: Involves the collection and analysis of non-numerical data.

6. Qualitative
Research
Example: In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, content analysis.
 TYPES

Design:7. Longitudinal
Involves the collection of data from the same subjects over an extended period.
Research
Example: Studying the career trajectories of individuals over a decade.

Design: Involves the collection of data from subjects at a single point in time.
8. Cross-Sectional
Example: Research
Surveying a group of employees about their job satisfaction at a specific moment.
 TYPES

Design: Abstract ideas/ theories

9.Conceptual
Example: Philosophers develop new concepts.

Design: Gaining experience or observation alone. Data based research conclusions

10.Formation
Example: Empricalof hypothesis, work on data and test it
METHOD VS METHODOLOGY
Method Methodology

Methods or techniques that are used Systematically solve the research

problem

More general Encompasses the broader framework or

philosophical approach guiding the
research

Methods are used to generate techniques overall strategy for conducting the
study

Behavior of instruments choosing specific research methods