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Matter
Matter
States,Properties,
Classifications and
Quantification
Mr. Jake M. Lapasaran
CEU, Physical Science
Department
Outline
• Inorganic Chemistry:
Definition
•Classifications of Matter
• States of Matter •Pure Substance
•Solid •element
•Lquid •compound
•Gas •Mixture
•Plasma
•BEC
•Quantification
•Properties of
•Measurements
Matter
(Conversion)
•Physical
•Scientific notation
•Chemical
Inorganic Chemistry: Definition
5
Matter: States
The Liquid State:
6
Matter: States
7
Matter: States
The Plasma State:
• described by Sir William
Crookes in 1879
• A plasma is a hot ionized gas
consisting of approximately
equal numbers of positively
charged ions and negatively
charged electrons.
• a dilute gas of
low density or of
bosons cooled to
temperatures
very close to
absolute zero.
• Satyendra Nath
Bose and Albert
Einstein (1924–
1925)
9
Matter: Properties
Physical properties can be observed or measured
without changing the composition of the material.
10
Matter: Properties
A physical change alters the material without changing
its composition (changes in state).
11
Matter: Properties
Chemical properties determine how a substance can
be converted into another substance.
12
Matter: Classification
All matter can be classified as either a pure substance
or a mixture.
I. Pure Substances
13
Matter: Classification
All matter can be classified as either a pure substance
or a mixture.
I. Pure Substances
14
Matter: Classification
All matter can be classified as either a pure substance
or a mixture.
II. Mixtures
15
Matter: Classification
All matter can be classified as either a pure substance
or a mixture.
II. Mixtures
• Sugar dissolved in water is a mixture.
16
Matter: Classification
A pure substance is classified as an element or a
compound.
I. An element is a pure substance that cannot be
broken down by a chemical change.
19
Matter: Measurement
• Every measurement is composed of a number
and a unit.
Examples:
20
Matter: Measurement
21
Matter: Measurement
• A measured quantity can be:
22
Matter: Classification
23
Matter: Measurement
1 mL = 1 cm3 = 1 cc 26
Matter: Measurement
27
Significant Figures
An exact number results from counting objects or is
part of a definition.
•10 fingers
•10 toes
•1 meter = 100 centimeters
28
Significant Figures
A. Determining Significant Figures
Significant figures are all the digits in a measured
number including one estimated digit.
65.2 g 255.345 g
3 sig. figures 6 sig. figures
29
Significant Figures
A. Determining Significant Figures
Rules for Zero:
3.7500 cm 620. lb
5 sig. figures 3 sig. figures
30
Significant Figures
A. Determining Significant Figures
Rules for Zero:
Rule 2: A zero does not count as a significant figure
when it occurs:
4 sig. figures
32
Significant Figures
B. Rules for Multiplication and Division
to be retained to be dropped
63.854545
63.854545 miles = 64 miles
hour hour
first digit to be dropped 2 sig. figures
Answer
If the first digit
to be dropped is: Then:
•between 0 and 4 •drop it and all remaining digits
34
Significant Figures
C. Rules for Addition and Subtraction
The answer has the same number of decimal places
as the original number with the fewest decimal places.
36
Scientific Notation
Exponent:
y x 10x Any positive
or negative
Coefficient: whole number.
A number between
1 and 10.
37
Scientific Notation
HOW TO Convert a Standard Number to Scientific
Notation
Exampl Convert these numbers to scientific notation.
e
2,500 0.036
Step Move the decimal point to give a number
[1] between 1 and 10.
2500 0.036
Step Multiply the result by 10x, where
[2] x = number of places the decimal was moved.
•move decimal left, •move decimal right,
x is positive x is negative
39
Using the Factor-Label Method
A. Conversion Factors
• Conversion factor: A term that converts a quantity in
one unit to a quantity in another unit.
original desired
x conversion factor = quantity
quantity
2.21 lb
1 kg
130 lb x or Answer
2 sig. figures
1 kg
2.21 lb = 59 kg
44
Using the Factor-Label Method
HOW TO Solve a Problem Using Conversion
Factors
Step
Set up and solve the problem.
[3]
325 mg x 1g = 0.325 g
1000 mg
3 sig. figures 3 sig. figures
Unwanted unit
cancels
1.0 pt x 1 qt x 1L 0.471698113 L
= 0.47 L
2 pt 1.06 qt
2 sig. figures 2 sig. figures
48
1.9 Temperature
• Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold
an object is.
• Three temperature scales are used:
1. Degrees Fahrenheit (oF)
2. Degrees Celsius (oC)
3. Kelvin (K)
50
Density and Specific Gravity
A. Density
Density: A physical property that relates the mass of
a substance to its volume.
mass (g)
density =
volume (mL or cc)
1.05 g 1 mL
1 mL 1.05 g
5.0 g x 1 mL
= 4.8 mL
1.05 g
2 sig. figures
2 sig. figures
Unwanted unit
cancels