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Lê Hải
Đỗ Nhựt 02 Ngọc
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Võ Thị Thanh
Trúc 06
Tân

Tống Gia Hồ Ngô Bảo Đỗ Thị Tuyết

Hân Ngọc Nhung
Chapter 5:
I. Infinitive
II. Gerund
III.Participle
 I.INFINITIVE:

an infinitive is the base form

of a verb preceded by “to”
1.VERBS + TO-INFINITIVE :
● afford ● pretend
● expect
● agree ● promise
● fail
● appear ● refuse
● happen
● arrange ● resolve
● hesitate
● attemp ● seem
● hope
● ask ● threaten
● learn
● choose ● want
● manage
● decide ● wish
● offer
● demand ● would like
● plan
● determine

● EX:
● I like both of these, but I can’t afford to buy either of them.
2.VERBS + OBJECT + TO-INFINITIVE :
● advise ● permit ● Ex:
● allow ● persuade The tourist guide advised us to see the old tower.
● ask ● remind
● enable ● request The police warned us not to drive very fast on this road.
● encourage ● tell
● forbid ● urge
● force ● want
● invite ● warn
● order ● would like
3. Can be used as the subject of
linking verbs.
Ex:To drive on slippery roads is
dangerous.
=> It is dangerous to drive on 4. Can be used to reduced
slippery roads. relatives, and used after ‘the first/
the second, the last/ the only
(+noun)’.
Ex: She bought some new clothes which
5. Used to indicate purpose
she could wear during the holiday.
Ex:They borrowed the money from
=> She bought some new clothes to
the bank. They wanted to buy a car.
wear during the holiday.
=> They borrowed the money from
the bank in order to buy a car.

6. Can be used after some
adjectives
Ex: It is necessary to wear a helmet
while riding a motorbike
8. Use after “Adjective/Adverb
+ enough (for somebody).
Ex: The sea was warm, so we
could swim in it.
=> The sea was warm enough
for us to swim in.
7. Use after “Too +
Adjective/Adverb (for
somebody).
Ex: This job is so hard that he
can’t do it.
=> This job is too hard for him to
do
9. Use after verbs +how/ what/
when/ where/ which/ why.
Ex: She found out where to hide
the money.
Perfect infinitive
Form: “(to) have + past participle”
 e r th e a u xiliary verb
1.Used to express 2.Used with auxiliary verbs 3.Used a ft
a c ti o n s th at should
past to expres s
deduction for the to express what should
n d o n e in the past.
e e
with modal verbs. have been done not have b

Ex: It is possible that he

left Ex: You knew she was in n’t have to
Ex: We need
=>Jack is not at home. H
e trouble.You should have
u g h t s o m u ch food. Now
bo
may have left. helped her then. uch left.
there’s so m

4.Used after the auxiliary verb ial pass ive sentences.

“would/could/might” in 5.Used in spec
conditional type 3.
e is said to have
Ex: If you had taken the test, Ex: That millionar
r when he was
you would have passed it. worked as a waite
young.
 Bare infinitive (Infitive without to)
Modal verbs Make/ Let + Object Sense Vebs
After auxiliary verbs

Do/ Don’t Can/ Could see

Does/ Doesn’t May/ Might Ex: The robber made hear
the cashier hand over
Did/ Didn’t Should/ Ought to watch
the money.
Ex:She doesn’t know Must notice
where to go.Did they
Would find
offer you a job?
Ex: I must write this feel
letter again.
Ex:I saw that man
take the bike.
PRACTICAL EXERCISE:
1. I can’t afford _____________ a holiday abroad.
A. to have B. having C. have
2. Some people saw the man _______ out of the fourth floor window.
A. to fall B. fall C. fell
3. Kate was made _______ the report by Monday.
A. finish B. finishing C. to finish
4. Do you think your father will allow you to go out at a late time.
A. make B. let C. allow
5. He was so drunk that he couldn’t answer my question.
=> He was too drunk not to answer my question.
6. It’s not very dark so we can’t see the stars clearly.
=> It’s not light enough for us to see the stars clearly.
 II. Gerund 01 Subject:
Ex: Teaching so many hours a week
caused her a brokendown
Form: Verb + ing
Definition: a noun ending “ing”
that has been formed from a Object:
verb. 02 Ex: I really dislike having to work
at weekends

After preposition:
1.Function: 03 Ex: She left the party without saying
goodbye to anyone
 2. Verbs + Gerund:
● admit ● feel like ● postpone
● avoid ● finish ● practise
● appreciate ● (not) mind ● put off
● delay ● give up ● risk
● deny ● imagine ● spend (time)
● detest ● involve ● suggest
● dislike ● keep (on) ● waste (time)
● consider ● miss ● can’t stand
● enjoy
Ex: -Susie considered looking for another job.
-Would you mind not smoking in this room?
3.Verbs can be followed by a gerund or a to infinitive without changing
the meaning: start, begin, continue, intend, like, love, hate.

Ex: He continue working / to work even though it was very late

4. These verbs can be followed by a gerund or a to infinitive but the meaning is
different:
Gerund To-infinitive
Stop+ gerund: stop doing something Stop+ to-infinitive: stop do something
completely. else.
Remember+ gerund: remember what Remember+to-infinitive: remember what
happened. you need to do.
Try+ gerund: try doing something. Try+ to-infinitive: try to do something.
Mean+ gerund: that mean. Mean+to-infinitive: intend to do
something.
Regret+ gerund: regret having done Regret+to-infinitive: sorry to say
something. something.
Go on+ gerund: keep doing what you’re Go on+ to-infinitive: continue to move on
doing. to another job.
5. Common speech is usually followed by a gerund:
● be/get used to ● look forward to
● be accustomed to ● insist on
● be excited about ● succeed in
● be capable of ● It’s no use/good doing st
● be responsible for ● there’s no point in doing st
● be interested in ● It’s (not) worth doing st
● be tired of
● be bored with
● be fed up with
Ex:
You must get used to working on the personal computer.
It’s not worth queuing for the tickets.
Passive Gerund: is the passive form in which the past
participle follows "being"
Form: Being + past participle

ACTIVE PASSIVE

He enjoys people admiring him. He enjoys being admired.

We dislike people cheating us. We dislike being cheated .

 Perfect Gerund:
Form: Having + past participle

Used to describe events that happened in the past

Ex:
The man denied having robbed the bank.
My father congratulated me on having passed the final exam.
 Practical Exercise:
1. Someone will clean the room today. => The room will be cleaned today.

2. I don’t want people to make me a fool. => I don’t want to be made a fool.
3. Emily doesn’t like people inturrupting her. => Emily doesn’t like being interrupted.

4. David’s life often attracts criticism from the Press, but he doesn’t mind
A B C
being criticizing. => criticized
D

5. Get up early can be very difficult for some people. => Getting up
A B C D

6. Jessica can’t stand being tell what to do. => being told
A B C D
 III. Participle
is also the form V+ing but is not used as a
function of nouns. On the contrary, it still has
the function of a verb.

1. Used with continuous tenses:
Ex:
The children are playing in the yard.
2. Used as an adjective to
describe nouns:
Ex: I must call for a plumber to
mend the leaking pipes.
3. Used to reduce relative clauses:
Ex:
Isabel is engaged to a man who works in
the same office.
=> Isabel is engaged to a man working
in the same office.
4. Senses of verbs+ Object+V_ing
(see, hear, feel, smell, notice, watch,
catch, find)
Ex:
I felt something creeping on my foot.
5. Used after the verb
"spend/waste+time"; after the verbs
"go" and "be busy"
Ex:
He spends an hour walking through the
park every morning.
She’s busy preparing dinner.
6.Used present participle phrases as
an alternative to clauses in the
following cases:
When two actions occur
A contiguously and the subject is the
same, we can use a participle
phrase.
Ex: She took some money from her purse and threw it
into the bowl.
=> She took some money from her purse, throwing it
into the bowl.
Participle phrases can be used
B after conjunctions: “when, while,
after, before,..”
Ex:
He had a fight while eating in a restaurant.
 Participle phrase is also used to express the reason for the action in the main
C clause.

Ex: She took some money from her purse and threw it into the bowl.
=> She took some money from her purse, throwing it into the bowl.

The participle phrase also takes the form "being + past participle" to express
D the passive meaning.

Ex: Because he was treated by the best doctors, the patient recovered quickly.
=> Because treated by the best doctors, the patient recovered quickly.
 Perfect Participle:
Form: “Having + past participle”

Used as a substitute for a clause that describes an action that is completed before
the action in the main clause occurs.

Ex: They had spent two hours over dinner, they left the restaurant.
=> Having spent two hours dinner, they left the restaurant.
 Practical Exercise:
1. The taxi that took us to the airport broke down halfway.
=> The taxi taking us to the airport broke down halfway.
2. There are a lot of people in the hall who want to speak to you.
=> There are a lot of people in the hall wantting to speak to you.
3. James had drunk a bottle of wine. He couldn’t drive home.
=> Having drunk a bottle of wine, he couldn’t drive home.
4. Fell from such a height, Derek was miraculously unhurt. => Falling from
A B C D
5. Having fed the dog, he was sat down to his own dinner. => Sat
A B C D
6. Their house really needs ___________.
A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint
7. ____ the language, Stephen found it hard to get a job.
A. Not know B. Don’t knowing C. Not to know D. Not knowing
THANKS FOR
LISTENING!