RIZAL’S HOMECOMING

AND SECOND JOURNEY

LEAVING EUROPE

• RIZAL LEFT EUROPE ON JULY 3, 1887

DESPITE WARNINGS FROM HIS FAMILY AND
FRIENDS. HE TOOK THE SHIP DJEMNAH
BOUND FOR SAIGON, SAILED THE ARABIAN
SEA TO CEYLON, AND UPON REACHING
SAIGON ON JULY 30, HE TRANSFERRED TO
HAIPHONG. AFTER SIX MORE DAYS OF
SAILING, HE REACHED MANILA ON AUGUST
6, 1887. HE WAS ALREADY 26 YEARS OLD
WHEN HE RETURNED HOME. BY THEN, HE
WAS NO LONGER WONDERING ANYMORE,
“WHAT LIES BEYOND THE SEA”.
NOLI ME T’ANGERE GAINING POPULARITY

• ONE FORMIDABLE ENEMY RIZAL HAD

TO CONTEND WITH WAS THE
CENSORSHIP COMMITTEE. USING
TACTICS THROUGH BRIBERY, A
CLOSE FRIEND FROM ATENEO GOT
AWAY WITH SO MANY REQUIREMENTS
AND HAD THE BOOK RELEASED FOR
PUBLICATION. NOLI ME T’ANGERE
WAS SELLING LIKE HOT CAKES IN A
BOOKSTORE LA GRAN BRETANA.
THE FRIARS AND THEIR ALUMNUS

• UPON RETURNING, RIZAL WENT TO VISIT HIS

FORMER TEACHERS AT ATENEO. ONE VERSION
SAYS THAT RIZAL WAS RECEIVED BY FR. RAMON
AND FR. FEDERICO FAURA WHO BOTH TRIED TO
WIN BACK RIZAL BUT FAILED. IT WAS TOLD THAT
OUT OF EXASPERATION, FR. FAURA TOLD RIZAL:
“NOT TO DARKEN THEIR FOOTSTEPS”.
• FR. FRANCISCO SANCHEZ DEFENDED THE NOLI
OPENLY BUT SECRETLY TOLD RIZAL THAT IT
COULD HAVE BEEN BETTER IF HE WROTE ABOUT
THE IDEAL PICTURE OF PRIESTS.
• DURING THAT TIME, EXPOSING THE
INNEFICEINCY OF THE GOVERNMENT
AND RELIGIOUS HYPOCRISIES WERE
UNFORGIVABLE BECAUSE THESE WERE
TRUE. TELLING THE TRUTH THEREFORE
CONSTITUTES A CRIME OF SUBVERSION,
A HEINOUS CRIME PUNISHABLE BY
DEATH. CRITICISM OF PRIESTS WAS
DEEMED A HERESY, AND THE HERETIC’S
DESTINATION WAS HELL
EMILIO TERRERO AND THE CENSORSHIP
COMMITTEE

• IN THE PRIVACY OF HIS ROOM IN

MALACANANG, EMILIO TERRERO Y PERINAT
REFLECTED ON THE MESSAGE OF NOLI ME
T’ANGERE. AS A GOVERNOR EXPOSED TO
THE IDEOLOGY OF LIBERALISM AND
FREEMASONRY, TERRERO VIEWED THAT
THE BOOK WAS AN EXPOSE WHICH
SHARPLY AIMED AT THE CIVIL
GOVERNMENT AND THE CHURCH.
EMILIO TERRERO AND THE CENSORSHIP
COMMITTEE

• AT HIS END, TERRERO BELIEVED THAT

NOLI SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO CIRCULATE
FREELY AND QUIETLY. HOWEVER, THE ON
DECEMBER 29, 1887, THE CENSORSHIP
COMMITTEE (WHICH WAS MAINLY
COMPOSED OF FRIARS) FOUND THE BOOK
“FULL OF LIES, HERETICAL, IMPIOUS,
SCANDALOUS, UNPATRIOTIC, AND
SUBVERSIVE TO PUBLIC ORDER”. THE
COMMISION ALSO DECLARED THE
AUTHOR-JOSE RIZAL AS IGNORANT AND
THE BOOK ITSELF TO BE SUBVERSIVE.
JOSE TAVIEL DE ANDRADE

• EMILIO TERRERO ASSIGNED JOSE TAVIEL

DE ANDRADE AS RIZAL’S BODYGUARD
PURPORTEDLY FOR RIZAL’S
PROTECTION BUT IT WAS ALSO DONE
TO MONITOR ALL ACTIVITIES OF JOSE
RIZAL. AS INSTRUCTED, TAVIEL DE
ANDRADE TAGGED ALONG WHEREVER
RIZAL WENT. TO AVOID SUSPICION,
RIZAL SHOWED HIM ALL THE LETTERS
HE RECEIVED OR SENT. DESPITE THE
INITIAL DIFFERENCE, FRIENDSHIP GREW
BETWEEN THEM.
THE CALAMBA CONTROVERSY

• THROUGH AN INVESTIGATION LED BY THE CIVIL GOVERNOR OF

LAGUNA, IT WAS FOUND OUT THAT THE FRIARS’ LANDHOLDINGS
GREW THROUGH MUCH CORRUPTION INCLUDING LANDGRABBING.
THE INVESTIGATION IN TURN ENRAGED THE FRIARS WHO VIEWED
THAT IS AN ENCROACHMENT TO THEIR AFFAIRS BY THE CIVIL
GOVERNMENT.
• RIZAL WAS INVOLVED I THE WHOLE FIASCO AS HE WAS TASKED BY THE
CALAMBENOS TO SUBMIT HIS OWN FINDINGS ON THE MATTER. HE
CONFIRMED THAT FINDINGS OF THE CIVIL GOVERNMENT THAT THE
FRIARS’(DOMINICANS) LANDHOLDINGS GREW THROUGH
QUESTIONABLE TRANSACTIONS.
THE CALAMBA CONTROVERSY

• RIZAL’S INVOLVEMENT IN THE

CALAMBA CONTROVERSY RESULTED
TO THREATS ON HIS LIFE. HE
FURTHER ENRAGED THE FRIARS
WHO IN TURN USED THE PULPIT TO
DESTROY THE LATTER’S
CREDIBILITY. THIS EVENT
PROMPTED RIZAL TO DECIDE THAT
HE HAD TO LEAVE FOR EUROPE FOR
THE SECOND TIME WHICH HE DID IN
1888
RIZAL’S PLAN TO MARRY LEONOR RIVERA

• UPON RETURNING, ONE OF JOSE

RIZAL’S PRIORITIES WAS TO MARRY
LEONOR RIVERA. HE FOUND OUT TO
HIS DISMAY THAT LEONOR WAS
ALREADY ENGAGED TO MARRY AN
ENGLISH RAILROAD ENGINEER; HENRY
KIPPING. THIS WAS PROMPTED BY
RIZAL’S STATUS AS A FILIBUSTERO AND
LEONOR’S PARENTS NOT WANTING TO
ASSOCIATE THEIR DAUGHTER WITH
SOMEBODY WHO IS AN ENEMY OF THE
STATE
RIZAL HAD TO LEAVE AGAIN

• RIZAL’S EXPOSITION OF THE TRUTH THE NOLI ME T’ANGERE AND HIS

INVOLEVEMNT IN THE CALAMBA CONTROVERSY RESULTED TO MANY
THREATS TO HIS LIFE IN THE PHILIPPINES FORM 1887 TO 1888. THE
FRIARS TRIED TO SILENCE RIZAL AND MOVED TO FURTHER SPREAD THE
TRUTHS EXPOSED BY NOLI ME T’ANGERE AND THE CALAMBA
CONTROVRESY.
• UPON THE ADVISE OF TERRERO AND MANY OF HIS CLOSE FRIENDS,
RIZAL HAD TO LEAVE THE COUNTRY ON FEBRUARY 3, 1888 TO AVOID
DEPORTATION, EXECUTION, OR BEING THROWN TO TH DUNGEON.
SAILING VIA THE PACIFIC EN ROUTE TO ENGLAND, HIS STOPOVERS
INCLUDED HONGKONG, MACAU, JAPAN, USA, THEN LONDON.
RIZAL’S HINDSIGHT, INSIGHT, AND FORESIGHT

• HINDSIGHT REFERS TO LOOKING

BACK TO THE PAST. ONE OF RIZAL’S
PRIORITIES DURING HIS SECOND
JOURNEY TO EUROPE WAS TO WRITE
A HISTORY BOOK ABOUT THE
PHILIPPINES WHICH HE
ACCOOMPLISHED BY ANNOTATING
ANTONIO DE MORGA’S SUCESOS DE
LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS
RIZAL’S HINDSIGHT, INSIGHT, AND FORESIGHT

• RIZAL’S INSIGHTS WERE EMBODIED IN

HIS NOLI ME T’ANGERE WERE HE
REFLECTED ON THE CURRENT STATE OF
THE SOCIOPOLITICAL SCENE IN THE
PHILIPPINES DURING THE SPANISH
COLONIAL ERA
• THE HERO’S FORESIGHT AND HIS
PREDICTIONS FOR THE FUTURE WAS
EXPOSED IN HIS ESSAY ‘Filipinas dentro
de Cien Años’
HONG KONG, JAPAN, AND SAN FRANCISCO
• RIZAL’S FIRST ITENARY ON HIS SECOND JOURNEY WAS
HONGKONG WERE HE ESTABLISHED A
CORRESPONDENCE WITH JOSE MA. BASA – A DEPORTEE
WHO BECAME A SUCCESSFUL LAWYER IN HONGKONG
• WHILE IN YOKOHAMA, RIZAL FELL IN LOVE WITH A
JAPANESE SAMURAI’S DAUGHTER- O-SEI-SAN. RIZAL
HOWEVER HAD TO LEAVE JAPAN AND O-SEI-SAN TO
CONTINUE HIS PATRIOTIC JOURNEY TO EUROPE.
• SAN FRANCISCO IN THE UNITED STATES WAS WERE
RIZAL EXPERIENCED RACIAL DISCRIMINATION. HE WAS
MISTAKEN FOR A CHINESE IMMIGRANT AND WAS
SUBJECTED TO QUARANTINE DESPITE A CLEAN BILL OF
HEALTH.
LONDON AND OTHER SCHOLARLY
UNDERTAKINGS

• THE TWO PEOPLE TO WHOM RIZAL WAS LEANING ON

WHILE IN LONDON WERE REINHOLD ROST AND ANTONIO
MA. REGIDOR. THE LATTER WAS A LAWYER WHO MADE
A FORTUNE IN LONDON WHILE THE FORMER WAS A
DIRECTOR OF INDIAN LIBRARIES WHOSE COLLECTIONS
BECAME INVALUABLE TO RIZAL’S QUEST TO CREATE A
HISTORY BOOK ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES.
• RIZAL FOUND A COPY OF ANTONIO MORGA’S SUCESOS
DE LAS ISLAS FELIPINAS WHILE IN LONDON AND BEGAN
CREATE HIS OWN ANNOTATED VERSION ON THE BOOK.
GERTUDE BECKETT

• WHIILE IN LONDON, RIZAL BECAME

OF BOARDER OF THE BECKETTS IN
CHALCOTT ROAD. ONE OF THE
BECKETT SISTERS, GERTRUDE WAS
SERIOUSLY FALLING FOR HIM AND
EVEN HAD ENDEARMENTS FOR RIZAL.
• RIZAL EVENTUALLY HAD TO LEAVE
LONDON BUT BEFORE LEAVING, HE
LEFT A GROUP CARVING OF THE
BECKETT SISTERS TO GERTRUDE AS A
SIGN OF THEIR BRIEF RELATIONSHIP.
LA SOLIDARIDAD

• In February 15, 1889, the Filipino propagandists were able to get

together behind a new publication which they called La Solidaridad,
and which for its more than five years of its existence became the
principal organ of the propaganda movement. It was founded on
February 15, 1889 and existed up to November 15, 1895. Its first
editor was Graciano Lopez-Jaena but he was soon succeeded by
Marcelo H. del Pilar. La Solidaridad was a political propaganda
paper with a liberal, reformist orientation dedicated to the task of
fighting reaction in all its forms.
NELLIE BOUSTEAD

• The love affair between Rizal and

Nellie Boustead unfortunately did not
end in marriage. It failed because Rizal
refused to be converted to the
Protestant faith, as Nellie demanded
and Nellie’s mother did not like a
physician without enough paying
clientele to be a son-in-law. The lovers,
however, parted as good friends when
Rizal left Europe.
RIZAL AND FREEMASONRY
• Rizal adopted the Masonic name Dimasalang when
he was anointed under the Gran Oriente de España.
Rizal is said to have been influenced to join Masonry
by Miguel Morayta, a history professor at the
Universidad de Madrid. Revolutionaries such as
Andres Bonifacio, Apolinario Mabini, Ladislao Diwa,
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Juan Luna, Deodato Arellano,
Graciano Lopez-Jaena, H. Pardo de Tavera, and so
many others in the Propaganda Movement and La
Liga Filipina were also Masons and as such were
automatically excommunicated as decreed for all
Catholics becoming Masons since 1738 and
reaffirmed by the Catholic Bishops Conference of the
Philippines in 1990.
EL FILIBUSTERISMO

• El Filibusterismo (The Subversive) is the second

novel by Jose Rizal (1861-1896), national hero of the
Philippines. Like its predecessor, the better-known
Noli Me Tangere, the Fili was written in Castilian
while Rizal was traveling and studying in Europe. It
was published in Ghent in 1891 and later translated
into English, German, French, Japanese, Tagalog,
Ilonggo, and other languages. A nationalist novel by
an author who has been called the first Filipino, its
nature as a social document of the late-nineteenth-
century Philippines is often emphasized.
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
• For many years, copies of the Fili were smuggled into
the Philippines after it was condemned as subversive by
the Spanish authorities. Characters from the Noli
(Basilio, Dona Victorina, Padre Salvi) return while new
ones are introduced: Simoun, the transformed Ibarra;
Cabesang Tales and his struggle for justice; the
nationalist student Isagani; the Indio priest Padre
Florentino. Through them the colonial milieu is
expanded - its officialdom, education, legal system,
power plays, social patterns - and seen anew as context
for conflict and insight.
JOSE MA. BASA

• Jose Ma. Basa was known as a

patriot, a hero-smuggler, and a
friend of Jose Rizal. He was fairly
known as a successful merchant
whose monetary donations allowed
for the smuggling of Dr. Jose
Rizal’s novels into the Philippines.
VALENTIN VENTURA

• Valentin Ventura (b. 1860

- d. 1935) was a reformist
during the revolutionary
period. He was the one
who financed the
publication of Jose Rizal's
El Filibusterismo.