Western

Classical
Art
Traditions
(Painting, Sculpture,
and Architecture)
Arts 9 Quarter 1 Week 1 & 2
Let’s Recall it!
is a dimension that can be straight or curved and can be
L__E combined with other elements

is a closed line and can be geometric like circles and

SH_PE Squares

the property possessed by an object of producing

CO_O_ different sensations on the eye as a result of the way the
object reflects or emits light.

T__T_ the feel appearance, thickness, or stickiness of a surface

Substance
_E

VA_ _ E the lightness and darkness of tones or colors

 Fact or Bluff
1. Hieroglyphics shows trace of Arabized influence in arts.

2. Stained glass windows belong to Byzantine period.

3. In Byzantine animals were used as symbols.

4. Hagia Sophia means holy wisdom.

5. Doorway of Romanesque’s churches are often designed with
pointed arcs.
 Introduction
Even before humans learned to read and
write they were already artists shown by the
different periods/era discoveries from
different parts of the world.
Each civilization of the world has its distinct
art forms depending on its aes?thetic and
utilitarian needs.
 Ancient Art Classical Art
Medieval Art (400 BC-1,400
(1,500,000 BC-2,000 (2,000 BC-400
AD)
BC) BC)

Egyptia Romanesqu Gothi

Prehistoric Greek Roman Byzantine
n e c
Pre-historic
(Painting, Sculpture, and
Architecture)
 PAINTINGS of prehistoric period
Characteristics
• Paintings were found inside
the caves.
• Its their way of
communication.
• Its for religious or
Cave of Lascaux
ceremonial purposes.
 sculptures of prehistoric period
Characteristics
• materials vary according to
region
• carving – may have
mythological or religious
significance
• shows women fertility Venus of Willendorf
 architecture of prehistoric period
• Prehistoric builders moved earth and stone into
geometric forms, creating our earliest human-
made formations.
• architecture is based on megaliths (a big
rock) from the Greek word lithos (stone) and
Megas (big).
• It is intended for burial
architecture of prehistoric period
3 Types of Megaliths
Menhir
Huge stone standing vertically
on the ground -usually
standing in the middle of the
field or arranged in rows
architecture of prehistoric period
3 Types of Megaliths
Dolmens
(taol maen-stone table)
• 2 standing stones
supporting a horizontal
giant stone.
• served as grave or altar
architecture of prehistoric period
3 Types of Megaliths
Cromlech
‘from”
• bent or curved, lech-
slab, flagstone.
• circle of standing stone
architecture of prehistoric period

Stonehenge
best-preserved
megalith site in
Europe
 Egyptian
(Painting, Sculpture, and
Architecture)
 PAINTINGS of egyptian period
Characteristics
• Emphasizes the importance
of life after death.
• Paintings were highly
stylized, symbolic, and
contain a profile of an animal
or person.
 PAINTINGS of egyptian period
Characteristics
• used main colors such red,
black, blue, yellow, white,
and green
• symbolism was heavily used
to represent the gods
 sculpture of egyptian period
Characteristics
• materials – wood, ivory, stone
• Sculptures are the symbolism
used to represent the gods.
(Represented with animal
heads on human bodies)

Queen Nefertiti
 sculpture of egyptian period
Characteristics
• relief composition – arranged in
horizontal lines to record an event or
represent an action
• gods were shown larger than humans,
kings larger than their followers, dead
larger than the living
• space filled with hieroglyphics
hieroglyphics
 architecture of egyptian period
• In ancient Egypt, powerful rulers constructed
monumental pyramids, temples, and shrines.
• The exterior and interior walls
along with columns and piers
were covered with
hieroglyphics and pictorial
frescoes and carvings painted
in brilliant colors.
Hypostyle column in the Temple of Amun
 architecture of egyptian period
• Ornamentations were symbolic
including scarab (sacred beetle),
solar disk and vulture, common
motifs (palm leaves, buds, flower
of lotus, and papyrus plants)
• Temples were aligned with
astronomically significant events
like solstices
 architecture of egyptian period
Pyramid of Giza
• most substantial structure of the world
• funerary structure of the 3 kings of the
4th dynasty namely:
• 1. Khufu (Cheops) Great pyramid
attributed
• 2. Khafa (Chepren) pyramid next to the
great pyramid
• 3. Menkaura (Mycerinus) smallest
pyramid attributed
 Greek
(Painting, Sculpture, and
Architecture)
 paintings of greek period
Characteristics
• portrays naturalism
• commonly found in vases,
panels, and tombs
• linear perspective
• subjects were battle scenes,
mythological figures, and pitsa panel
(earliest known
everyday life panel painting
 sculptures of greek period
• The Archaic Period (c.650-500 BCE)
• Greek sculptors start to develop monumental marble
sculptures.
• Free-standing figures have the solid mass and frontal
stance of Egyptian models, but their forms are more
dynamic.
• Materials - marble and other calcareous rock, bronze,
terracotta, and wood.
 sculptures of greek period
• The Classical Period (c.500-323 BCE)
• The creative highpoint of Greek sculpture.
• There was a dramatic rise in the technical skills of Greek
sculptors in their ability to depict the human body in a
relaxed rather than rigid posture.
• Connected with religion, Greek divinities, and mythological
figures, artists also produced a range of three-dimensional
sporting figures, depicting athletes of various kinds,
including discus-throwers, runners, wrestlers, and chariot-
racers.
 sculptures of greek period
• The Hellenistic Period (c.323-27 BCE)

• The "Greek" style of 3-D art is practiced

across the Eastern Mediterranean.
• Replaced the serene beauty of classicism
with a more emotional type of sculpture,
which also included an intense realism.
 sculptures of greek period

Archaic
Classical
Sculpture Hellenistic Sculpture
Sculpture
 Architecture of greek period
• Classical architecture refers to the style and design of
buildings in ancient Greece and ancient Rome.
• best known from its temples,
many of which are found
throughout the region, and the
Parthenon is a prime example of
this, mostly as ruins but many
substantially intact.
 Architecture of greek period
• Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in an aisle
surrounded by rows of columns.
• post and lintel, it is composed of upright beams (posts)
supporting horizontal beams (lintels)
 Architecture of greek period

The Temple of Hephaestos

 Roman
(Painting, Sculpture, and
Architecture)
 Paintings of Roman period
Characteristics
• copied from Hellenic Greek
• frescoes techniques were used in
brightly colored backgrounds
• division of the wall into multiple
rectangular areas
• multipoint perspective
• innovation of landscape paintings
• mosaic Head of Alexander (mosaic)
 sculptures of Roman period
Characteristics
• Made from monumental terracotta
• Reliefs in the great Roman
triumphal columns with continuous
narrative reliefs
• materials employed in Ancient
Rome were terracotta and bronze.
• Types of sculpture: bust, statues,
statuettes, relief Portonacio Sarcophagus
 architecture of Roman period
• They built sturdy stone
structures both for use and to
perpetuate their glory.
• The emperors erected huge halls
and arenas for public games,
baths, and procession.
• They built them of gigantic
arches of stone, bricks, and The Arch of Titus
concrete or with barrel vaults
 architecture of Roman period
Colosseum
• an oval amphitheater in the
center of the city of Rome,
Italy.
• the largest ancient
amphitheater ever built, and is
still the largest standing
amphitheater in the world
today, despite its age.
Byzantine
(Painting, Sculpture, and
Architecture)
 painting of byzantine period
Characteristics
• Christian subjects
• glorify Christian religion and
express its mystery
• filled with spiritual symbolism
• illustrates a love of splendor
• combination of decorative art
forms (Eastern) and classical Empress Theodora And Her
western (naturalistic) Retinue
 sculpture of byzantine period
Characteristics
• sculpture in the early days is
more an extension of the
Hellenistic art
• Representation of sacred figures
and saints were prolific
• well known passages from the
bible, applying them to the
decoration of the sarcophagus Barberini Diptych
 sculpture of byzantine period
Characteristics
• Many represent animals loaded
with symbolism, Christian, dove,
deer, peafowl, or acrostics signs (a
form of writing in which taking
the first letter; syllable, or Word of
different lines and putting them
together it can be read a message)
these contained a great theological
significance. Barberini Diptych
 architecture of byzantine period
• After Constantine moved the capital of the Roman
empire to Byzantium (now called Istanbul in Turkey)
in 330 CE, Roman architecture evolved into a
graceful, classically-inspired style that used brick
instead of stone, domed roofs, elaborate mosaics, and
classical forms.
• use of clerestory to bring light in from high windows
• advancement in developing the dome created a new
style in global architecture.
 architecture of byzantine period

Hagia Irene
the first church that was built in Constantinople
 architecture of byzantine period

Chora Church
medieval Byzantine Greek Orthodox church preserved as the
Chora Museum in the Edirnekapı neighborhood of Istanbul
 architecture of byzantine period

Pammakaristos Church
known as the Church of Theotokos Pammakaristos (All-Blessed
Mother of God") -is one of the most famous Greek Orthodox
Byzantine churches in Istanbul
 architecture of byzantine period

Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom)

one of the biggest domes ever created with 108 ft. diameter
Romanesque
(Painting, Sculpture, and
Architecture)
 painting of romanesque period
Characteristics
• vigorous style
• largely placed mosaic on the walls
of churches that follow strict
frontal pose
• lavishly decorated manuscripts
• show traces of Mozarbic influence
through elongated oval faces, large
eyes, long noses, and figures
against flat surfaces Christ in Majesty
• influenced by Byzantine art
 painting of romanesque period
Characteristics
• Famous sculptural piece:
reliquaries, altar frontals,
crucifixes, and devotional images
• Precious objects in metalwork,
ivories, and enamels held high The last judgment
status in the Romanesque period.
• Some Romanesque churches fea?ture an extensive
sculptural scheme that covers the area surrounding the
portal and sometimes much of the façade.
 Architecture of romanesque period
• As Rome spread across Europe, heavier, stocky
Romanesque architecture with rounded arches emerged.
• doorways of churches are often grand sculptured
portals.
• Wood or metal doors are surrounded by elaborate stone
sculptures arranged in zones to fit architectural
elements.
• displayed solid masonry walls, rounded arches, and
masonry vaults.
Architecture of romanesque period

Portal, Church of Santa Maria, Viu

Maria Laach Abbey,
de Llevata, Catalonia, Spain
Germany
 Gothic
(Painting, Sculpture, and
Architecture)
 painting of gothic period
Characteristics
• reinforce symbolic meaning
• Confined in illuminated manuscript
pages
• create buildings of height and light
• painting of frescoes on the walls of
churches
• stained glass windows – designed to
show images that promoted
Christianity through colored pieces of Sainte-Chapelle in Paris
glass that allowed light to enter the
stone interiors
 painting of gothic period

Annunciation and Visitation

Characteristics
• Have greater freedom of style
• No longer lay closely against the wall, but begun to
project outward.
 architecture of gothic period
• Early in the 12th century, new ways of the building
meant that cathedrals and other large buildings
could soar to new heights.
• Gothic architecture became characterized by the
elements that supported taller, more graceful
architecture
• the pointed arch enabled builders to construct much
higher ceiling vaults
• stone vaulting borne on a network of stone ribs
supported by piers and clustered pillars.
• Stained glass windows
 architecture of gothic period

Cologne Cathedral towers The Henry VII Lady Chapel at

Westminster Abbey
architecture of gothic period

Chartres Cathedral
Pre-historic art is not easy to understand.
These artworks are clues for
archeologists in understanding the Stone
Age civilization. Archeologists are given
a peek into the minds of primitive people
through their artworks and out what they
have experienced to produce those
pictures.
 The characteristics of Egyptian art are a
combination of geometric regularity and keen
observation of nature. Their art was classified into
three: first art used in the home-furniture, jewelry,
musical instruments and many more, sec-and art
used in the dead – tombs, masks mummy cases,
and wrapping for the body, third art was created
for the gods and their priests and kings-in
temples, paintings, statues.
 The Greek art style was a taste of Western realism or
“naturalism”. Artists have studied anatomy, physics, and
optics, as well as techniques of carving, painting,
building, gold-working, and ceramics.

Roman artists tried to reproduce the world around them as

realistically as they could. Their architecture was
designed to reflect the power of the city and to create in
all people’s awe of its imperial power. Roman art reflects
a mixture of borrowed cultures fused with local traditions
to form their styles and traditions.
 Byzantine art was the meeting place for the Greek and
oriental culture.
Romanesque style first evolved in the first third of the 12th
century. It is a complete realization of religious and social
functions and had an architectural program with a wealth of
sculptural decoration subordination to the architectural
frame.
Gothic art, being exclusively religious art, lent powerful
tangible weight to the growing power of the Church in
Rome. This not only inspired the public, as well as its
secular leaders but also it firmly established the connection
between religion and art, which was one of the foundations
of the Italian Renaissance
 Byzantine art was the meeting place for the Greek and
oriental culture.
Romanesque style first evolved in the first third of the 12th
century. It is a complete realization of religious and social
functions and had an architectural program with a wealth of
sculptural decoration subordination to the architectural
frame.
Gothic art, being exclusively religious art, lent powerful
tangible weight to the growing power of the Church in
Rome. This not only inspired the public, as well as its
secular leaders but also it firmly established the connection
between religion and art, which was one of the foundations
of the Italian Renaissance