Probability and Ratios

LO: To understand how to translate probabilities

To learn how probabilities can accumulate or multiply and when
To identify and complete probability trees and ESQs
To look at what ratios mean and how to read them
To understand the steps of a ratio question
To understand how to simplify ratios
Conversion Revisit

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

1/4 1/2 3/4

a) 0.25 = ______ = _____%

b) 0.33 = ______ = _____%
c) 0.__ = 12/16 = _____%
d) 0.875 = ______ = _____%
e) 0.2 = ______ = 20%
Looking at Dice

The probability of;

4 on a d4
3 on a d6
10 on a d8
>6 on a d10
Even on a d12
1 or 20 on a d20

These are additive probabilities

because we’re only using a single die
 Looking at Dice
The probability of;

1 on both the dice and the spinner

Odd numbers on both the dice and spinner
1 on the dice and >3 on the spinner

These are cumulative probabilities

because we’re using a dice and a spinner

We have more than one source of probability

A common Exam Question

A man owns 20 ties. 12 of them are red, the rest are black. He returns the tie to
his draw at the end of every day.
If the man picks a tie at random, complete the probability tree.
Day 1 Day 2
red Red, red =

red
black Red, black =

Black, red =
red
black

black black, black =

A common Exam Question
But what if the man doesn’t put the tie back? How does this change the question?

A man owns 20 ties. 12 of them are red, the rest are black.
If the man picks a tie at random for 2 consecutive days,
complete the probability tree.
Day 1 Day 2
red Red, red =

red
black Red, black =

Black, red =
red
black

black black, black =

Ratio Revisit
4 6
Mario (Red) and Luigi (green)
finish a job, which earned them
a total of £300, which they
agreed to split to a 6:4 ratio.
How much money does each
brother make?
Step 1 - Count the total
number of shares.
Step 2 - Divide the total by
number of shares
Step 3 - Multiply the
amount per share by the
number of shares per
person.
Step 4 - Double check by
adding the totals together,
this should equal the initial
‘pot’.
4 + 6 = 10 total shares
£300 / 10 total shares
= £30 per share
£30 per share x 6 for Mario
£30 per share x 4 for Luigi
If Mario earns £180
And Luigi £120
180 + 120 is 300
So we know we haven’t made a
mistake
Ratio ESQ
Mary, Jane and Dave all work for a small circus troupe. They agree to split any
bonuses they earn at the end of the year.
Mary gets 60p for every £1 earned.
Jane gets half as much as Mary
And Dave gets the rest.
At the end of their first year, the troupe earned £1000 in bonuses

a) How much did Jane earn from bonuses this year? [2

marks]
b) Mary agrees to take a smaller split of 50p for every £1 and transfer what she is
giving up to over to Dave. How much does this increase the amount that Dave earns
by at the end of the year?
[3 marks]