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A2 General Description of 3G
A2 General Description of 3G
ISSUE 1.0
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Development of Mobile Communications
GSM UMTS
AMPS
WCDMA
CDMA
TACS IS95 CDMA
Analog to Digital Voice to Broadband
2000
NMT TDMA
IS-136 TD-
OTHERS SCDMA
PDC
3G provides:
Complete integrated service
solutions
High bandwidth
Unified air interface
Best spectral efficiency and
……………… a step towards PCS
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Standardization Course of ITU IMT-2000
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Target of IMT-2000
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Standards for 3G
CDMA2000
3GPP2
FDD mode
WCDMA TD-SCDMA
3GPP 3G system CWTS
FDD/TDD mode
TDD mode
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Main CDMA 3G Proposals
T1 W-CDMA
TTA2(~W-CDMA)
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Spectrum Allocation of IMT-2000
1945
1960
1980
1865
1885
1895
1918
2170 MHz
1885
1890
1930
1945
1965
1975
1895
1910
1970
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3G Spectrum (After WARC2000)
800 850 900 950 1000 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700
* *
ITU Identifications IMT 2000 IMT 2000
IMT 2000 IMT 2000 MSS MSS
IMT 2000
DECT
Europe GSM GSM 1800
UMTS MSS UMTS MSS
UMTS
Japan,
PHS
Korea (w/o PHS) PDC IMT 2000 MSS IMT 2000 MSS
IMT 2000
PCS
Cellular IMT-
Americas***
UPCS
MSS MSS
2000 A D B EF C A D B EF C
Reserve IMT 2000
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QoS Requirements of Different Services
Quality (BER)
conversational
streaming
interactive
background
Time delay
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Course Contents
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Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
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Multi-path Environment
Transmitted
signal
Received
signal
Time
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Fading
Transmitted Signal
Received Signal
0
-5
-10
-15
dB
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
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Fading
Received Power(dBm)
Slow fading
-40
-60
Distance(m)
10 20 30
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Frequency Selection of Fading
P(f) P(f)
Fading
Narrowband
System
f f
Transmit Signal Received Signal
P(f) P(f)
Fadin
g
Broadband
System f f
Transmit Signal Received Signal
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Multi-path Characteristics of Mobile Channel
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Category of Typical Radio Channel
Static Channel
Indoor Channel
Outdoor-to-indoor pavement Channel
Vehicle mounted Channel
Moving Channel
Birth-death Channel
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Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
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Multiple Access Technology and Duplex
Technology
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Multiple Access Technology and Duplex
Technology
TDMA
Power
Traffic channels: different time slots
are allocated to different users, for
y example, DAMPS and GSM
e nc
Ti m qu
e Fre
FDMA Us
e
Us ser r
U
Us er
Us er
er Traffic channels: different frequency bands
Power
Us are allocated to different users,for example,
er y
e nc AMPS and TACS
Ti m
re qu
e
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Characteristics of CDMA System
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Processing Procedure of CDMA System
Source Channel
Spreading Modulation
coding coding
Radio channel
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Chapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
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correlation
+1
0
-1
-1 1 -1 1
11 11
+1 -1 1 -1 1
0 Zero correlation
-1 Orthogonal signals
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OVSF&Walsh
Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)
Cch,2,0 = (1,1)
Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)
Cch,1,0 = (1)
Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)
Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)
Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
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Autocorrelation
Example: -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1
Correlation
Delay time sequence correlation
0 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1/7
2 -1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1/7
3 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1/7
4 1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1/7
5 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1/7
Delay time (chip)
6 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1/7
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Configuration of Gold Sequence Generator
clong,1,n
MSB LSB
clong,2,n
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Spreading and Despreading (DS-CDMA)
Symbol
1
Data
-1
Chip
Spreading
Spreading code 1
-1
Spreading signal 1
=Data×code
-1
Despreading
1
Spreading code
-1
Data 1
=Spreading×code
-1
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Spreading and Despreading (DS-CDMA)
Desired signal
1
Desired spreading signal
-1
1
Spreading code
-1
1
Data after despreading
-1
8
Data after integration
-8
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Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Despreading
f P(f)
f
Narrowband signal Broadband signal
f
Noise
f
f Spreading code
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Principle of RAKE Receiver
Correlator 1
Calculate the
Searcher correlator
time delay and
signal strength
s(t) s(t)
t t
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Structure of RAKE Receiver
Input signal
I
Phase Delay ∑I I
Correlator
Q Equalizer
Rotator
Code Channel ∑Q
generators estimator Q
Combiner
Path 1
Path 2
Path 3
匹配滤波器
Matched
Filter
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Advantages of CDMA
RAKE receiver is adopted
The time diversity effect generated by channel coherence time is
efficiently used.
frequency diversity
Wideband frequency spectrum
Higher interference tolerance and security performance
Low signal transmission power
Great flexibility in carrying multiple services with largely different
bit rate and QoS requirement.
Different spreading factors for different services with different data r
ates
High spectral efficiency
All users can share the same frequency spectrum simultaneously.
Supporting soft handover and softer handover.
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Course Contents
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Introduction to Diversity Technique
Diversity technique is used to obtain uncorrelated
signals for combining
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Microscopic Diversity
Time diversity
Channel coding, Block interleaving, error-correction
Frequency diversity
The user signal is distributed on the whole bandwidth
frequency spectrum
Space diversity
Receive diversity
Transmit diversity
Polarization diversity
Vertical polarization
Horizontal polarization
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Basic Combining Methods
Maximal-Ratio Combiner
The mutipath signals are weighted proportional to their si
gnal SNR and then summed.
Equal-Gain Combiner
Equal-gain combining is similar to maximal-ratio combinin
g, but there is no attempt to weight the signal before additi
on.
Selection Combiner
Choose the signal with the highest instantaneous quality,
so the output quality is equal to that of the best incoming
signal.
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WCDMA Rx/Tx Diversity
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Transmitter Antenna Diversity
Based on Time-space Block Coding
b0 b1 b2 b3 Antenna 1
b0 b1 b2 b3
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Time Switched Transmit Diversity on SCH
S lo t # 0 S lo t # 1 S lo t # 2 S lo t # 1 4
acp
A n te n n a 2
i,1
acs
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Closed Loop Transmit Diversity
C P IC H 1 A nt1
w1
Tx
S prea d/scram ble
DPCCH
D PC H A nt2
DPDCH
Tx
w2 C P IC H 2
Rx
w1 w2
W eight G eneration Rx
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Receiving Effects for Different Multi-path Diversity
1-path rayl
2-path rayl
0.1 5-path rayl
No attenuation
BER
0.01
0.001
0.0001
5 10 15
SNR(dB)
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Smart Antenna
Reduce interference
Increase coverage and capacity
interference
Wanted signal
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Smart Antenna
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Course Contents
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Characteristics of WCDMA FDD
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Characteristics of WCDMA FDD
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WCDMA Voice Evolution
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Data Service Evolution of WCDMA
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