R at i o a nd

o p o r t i o ns
D i rec t P r
Week 13, Session 2
 D at e s
Exam

There are 2 weeks until mock assessment 1

(W/c 9th December 2019)

There are 9 weeks until mock assessment 2

(W/c 10th February 2020)

There are 13 lessons until your real exam

(W/c 23rd March 2020)
 s s r o o m r u l es
Cla
 O b j e c t iv e s
Aims &
By the end of the session you should be
able to:
1. Know what we mean by ratio.
2. Simplify ratio to simplest form.
3. Use direct proportion to increase or decrease
quantities.
4. Work with simple ratio and direct proportions.
 Ratio
Make
sure y
In a class, there is 1 boy to every 2 girls. the ou w r
ratio it e
order in th
You can write this as a ratio: boy:girl = 1:2 for in
t ha t
is ask e
the qu ed
estion
.
A ratio is used to compare two or more quantities.
We write the quantities together with a colon (:) between them.

Example:
What is the ratio of green diamonds to purple diamonds?

There are 5 green diamonds and 4 purple diamonds.

The question asked for the ratio of green to purple.
The ratio is 5:4 (‘five to four’).
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 Make
R a t io at
s
the r ure
that i io in
you w
r
the o ite
s rd
Example 1: quest asked for in er
ion. t he
There are nine females and eleven males waiting in a health clinic.
• What is the ratio of females to males? 9:11

• What is the ratio of males to females? 11:9 We do

n’t incl
in rati ude un
o s b ec its
are com ause w
paring e
Example 2: of the
same th
amount
s
ing.
Louise has £5 and Jamal has £7.
What is the ratio of Louise’s money to Jamal’s money. 5:7

Example 3:
A biscuit recipe has 150g of flour, 130g of sugar and 70g of butter.
• What is the ratio of butter to sugar? 70:130

• What is the ratio of sugar to flour? 130:150

• What is the ratio of butter to sugar to flour? 70:130:150 1

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 S i m p li f y i n g ra t ios

We can simplify ratios by dividing each part by the same number (common factor).

Example 1: Example 2:
Simplify the ratio 8:6 Write the following amounts as ratios and simplify them
Divide 8 and 6 by 2. • £3 to £9
1. Take out the units 3:9
8:6 3:9
2. Divide both sides by 3
÷2 ÷2 ÷3 ÷3
3. Ratio is 1:3
4:3 1:3
• £2 to 50p
Ratio in simplest form is 4:3 1. £2 is 200p 200:50
a r e in 2. Take out the units 200:50 ÷50 ÷50
t s
h a t a ll par ify a 3. Divide both sides by 50 4:1
u r e t im p l
y s m ake s f o r e y ou s 4. Ratio is 4:1
Alwa t s b e
me uni
t h e sa
ratio.
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 Task
(1)
1
e s ur e that all There ar
e five wo A ro o
(2)
ak m e
Always m the same units
n and thre
working o
n a const e men wi m has two
ndow
e in What is ruction s is 1.6 windows.
parts ar p lif y a ratio. the ratio
of wome
ite.
s
n to men W maller is
metr T
es lon he larger
ou sim
before y
? hat i
s the 80 centim g and the
(3) ratio etres
t o th o f th long.
e )sho e lo ng
(4 r te r e
A recipe f lengt r length

Simplify ratios
or pastry h?
butter and uses 200g The ins
300g of flo foo o f tr uc t io n s on a bottle
What is th ur. d say: ‘Dilu of plant
e ratio of t e o ne part plan
butter to t food to
its simples flour in three parts
t f o rm ? What is th w a te r.’

Matching Cards
(5) e ratio of p
(6) lant food t
water? o
Jackie a
nd Bill se
Instructions for mixing pink paint Theysay:
share th t up a bu
siness to
‘Mix one part red paint with 4inparts e profits gether.
vestmen in t

Practical activity
t Bill inv h e ratio o
invests £ ests £25 f their
white paint’ 5000. In 00 and J
what rat ackie
What is the ratio of red paint to white Jackie s
hare the
io does B
ill and
profits?
paint?

2:1
12:48 2:3

9:27 33:66 25:15

1&2
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 Task
1

Simplify ratios
Practical activity

1&2
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 (2)
Task
1
Matching Cards A room has two windows. The larger
window is 1.6 metres long and the
(3)

Answers
smaller is 80 centimetres long.
A recipe for pastry uses 200g of
What is the ratio of the longer length
butter and 300g of flour.
to the shorter length?
What is the ratio of butter to flour in
its simplest form?

(1)
2:1
(4)
There are five women and three men 2:3
working on a construction site. The instructions on a bottle of plant
What is the ratio of women to men? food say: ‘Dilute one part plant food to
three parts water.’
What is the ratio of plant food to
25:15 water?

5:3
(6)
9:27
1:3 Jackie and Bill set up a business together.
They share the profits in the ratio of their
investment Bill invests £2500 and Jackie
(5)
invests £5000. In what ratio does Bill and
Jackie share the profits?
Instructions for mixing pink paint say:
‘Mix one part red paint with 4 parts
white paint’ 33:66
What is the ratio of red paint to white 12:48 1:2
paint?
1:4 1&2
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 rop o rt i o n s
Direct P

Two quantities are in direct proportion if the ratio stays the same as
the quantities increase or decrease.

Example:
In a cake recipe, when the number of people doubles, the amount of flour also doubles,
so the number of people and the amount of flour stay in direct proportion.

To double the amount, multiply everything by 2.

To make half the amount, divide everything by 2
To make five times as much, multiply everything by 5.
To make a third, divide everything by 3. 3
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 rop o rt i o n s
Direct P
Example:
A recipe for four people takes 300 grams of flour and 100 grams of sugar.
How many grams of flour and how many grams of sugar would be needed if the same
recipe is followed to feed:

8 people=? 2 people=? 20 people=?

8 is double 4 2 is half of 4 20 is five times 4
 so double the amount  so halve the amount of flour:  so multiply the amount of flour
of flour: 300 ÷ 2 = 150 by 5:
300 × 2 = 600  so halve the amount of sugar: 300 × 5 = 1500
 so double the amount 100 ÷ 2 = 50  so multiply the amount of sugar
of sugar: by 5:
100 × 2 = 200 For 2 people we need 150g of 100 × 5 = 500
For 8 people we need flour and 50g of sugar. For 20 people we need 1500g of
600g of flour and flour and 500g of sugar.
200g of sugar.
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 Task
2

Direct Proportions
Practical activity

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 d d ire c t p r op o rt ion s
Work with ratio an
1 part orange squash with 4 parts water (1:4)

Case 1: Case 2:
How much water should you mix with How much squash should you mix with
50ml of orange squash? 500ml of water?
• Orange squash 1 part = 50ml • Water 4 part = 500ml
• Water 4 parts = 4 × 50 = 200ml • Orange squash 1 parts = 500 ÷ 4 = 125ml
We need 200ml of water. We need 125ml of orange squash.

Case 3:
How much water and how much orange squash do you need to make 1 litre (1000ml) of
diluted orange squash?
1. The ratio is 1:4
2. Find the total number of parts: 1 part orange squash + 4 parts water = 5 parts diluted
orange squash.
3. Divide to find one part: These 5 parts need to make 1000ml, so 1 part is: 1000 ÷ 5 = 200ml
4. Amount of orange squash: 1 part = 200ml
5. Amount of water: 4 part = 200 × 4 = 800ml
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We need 200ml orange squash and 800ml water.
 Task
3
Working with
ratio
&
direct proportions

Worded problems

Practical
activity A&O
4
 I l e arn t t o d a y
W h at h av e
Today I have learnt to……………..

1. Know what we mean by ratio.

2. Simplify ratio to simplest form.
3. Use direct proportion to increase or
decrease quantities.
4. Work with simple ratio and direct
proportions.