Quarter 1:

Lesson 1: Introduction to
Quadratic Function
 What is a RELATION?

In mathematics, a relation is a set of ordered

pairs of elements from two sets. More
formally, it is a relation between two sets, often
denoted as A and B, and is a subset of the
Cartesian product A × B, where each element
of the relation is an ordered pair (x, y) with x
∈ A and y ∈ B.
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 How do we represent a relation?

Representations: Relations can be

represented in various ways, such as
tables, graphs, or algebraic
expressions.

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What are the different types of Relations?

One-to-One Relation: In a one-to-one relation,

each element from the domain (input) maps to a
unique element in the range (output), and no two
different elements from the domain map to the
same element in the range.

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What are the different types of Relations?

One-to-Many Relation: In this type of relation,

one element from the domain (input) maps to
multiple elements in the range (output).

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What are the different types of Relations?

Many-to-One Relation: In this type of relation,

multiple elements from the domain (input) can
map to the same element in the range (output).

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What are the different types of Relations?

Many-to-Many Relation: This type of relation

allows multiple elements from the domain to map
to multiple elements in the range (output).

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 What is a Functional Relation?

Functional Relation: In a functional relation, each

element from the domain maps to exactly one
element in the range.

In other words, for every ‘x' in A, there exists a

unique ‘y' in B such that (a, b) is a functional relation.

This is what we call the uniqueness property of a

function.
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 Uniqueness Property of a Function

The uniqueness property of a function refers to the

fundamental characteristic that distinguishes functions from
other mathematical relations.

It states that for each element in the domain of a

function, there is exactly one unique element in the
range.

If the uniqueness property is violated, the relation is

not a function.
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RELATION UNIQUENESS PROPERTY

Many-to-One
Many-to-Many
One-to-Many
One-to-One

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 Uniqueness Property of a Function

One-to-One Relationship: A one-to-one

relationship is a function that not only satisfies
the uniqueness property but also ensures that
different elements in the domain produce
different elements in the codomain. It implies
that there are no repetitions or multiple
mappings from distinct domain elements to the
same codomain element.

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 Representations: Relations can be
represented in various ways, such as
tables, graphs, or algebraic
expressions.

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If given is a table of values:

No repeated first element.

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If given is a set of ordered pairs:

No repeated first element.

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If given is an equation or algebraic expression:

• Y must be present
• Y must have an odd exponent
• Absence of inequality symbol

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If given is the graph:

• Use Vertical Line Test

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Vertical Line Test

The vertical line test is a graphical method used

to determine whether a graph represents a
function or not. It's a simple and visual way to
check whether a relation between two variables,
typically "x" and "y," defines a function.

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Vertical Line Test

• If the vertical line intersects the graph at only one point

for each possible value of "x," then the graph represents a
function. Each value of "x" maps to a unique value of "y."

• If the vertical line intersects the graph at more than one

point for any value of "x," then the graph does not
represent a function. This indicates that there are multiple
values of "y" associated with a single value of "x," violating
the uniqueness property of a function.

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Vertical Line Test

Mere Relation Functional Relation

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Quadratic Function
1. y = 2x + 3
2. y = x + 3
2

3. y = 2 x+1

 Construct a table of values for each equation.

 Use x = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
 Analyze the values of y.
 What can you say about the first difference in y in #1?
 How about the second difference in y in #2?
 How about the values of y in #3?
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1. y = 2x + 3

y = 2x + 3

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 5 7 9 11 13 15

2 2 2 2 2

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2. y = x + 3
2

y=x +3 2

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 4 7 12 19 28 39

3 5 7 9 11

2 2 2 2
22
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3. y = 2 x+1

y=2 x+1

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 4 8 16 32 64 128

4 8 16 32 64

2 2 2 2
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 y = 2x + 3

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 5 7 9 11 13 15

2 2 2 2 2
The first difference in y is CONSTANT.
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 y=x +3 2

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 4 7 12 19 28 39

The second 3 5 7 9 11
difference in y is
CONSTANT. 2 2 2
2
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 y=2 x+1

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 4 8 16 32 64 128
The first 4 8 16 32 64
difference has a
CONSTANT
RATIO. 2 2 2 2
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 LINEAR FUNCTION

y = 2x + 3

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 5 7 9 11 13 15

2 2 2 2 2
The first difference in y is CONSTANT.
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 QUADRTIC FUNCTION
y=x +3 2

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 4 7 12 19 28 39

The second 3 5 7 9 11
difference in y is
CONSTANT. 2 2 2
2
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 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
y=2 x+1

x 1 2 3 4 5 6

y 4 8 16 32 64 128
The first 4 8 16 32 64
difference has a
CONSTANT
RATIO. 2 2 2 2
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What is a Quadratic Function?

A quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial

function written in the general form:

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