EARLY

CIVILIZATI
ONS
Second Quarter
 TOPICS

EARLY THE FLOURISHING

OF EARLY
01 CIVILIZATIONS
From scavenging to agricultural
villages
03 CIVILIZATIONS

EARLY THE FALL OF EARLY

02 CIVILIZATIONS
From agricultural villages to cities
to civilizations
04 CIVILIZATIONS
 01
EARLY
CIVILIZATI
ONS
From scavenging to
agricultural villages
INTRODUCTIO
N
You can give a brief description of the topic
you want to talk about here. If you want to talk
about Mercury, you can say that it’s the
smallest planet in the Solar System
 “
“Civilization begins with order,
grows with liberty, and dies with
chaos”.
—WILL DURANT
 AGRICULTURE
The science of growing and cultivating crops and rearing animals.

Effects of Agriculture to the early people:

● In this practice people learn to produce

food without the efforts of traveling,
hunting, and scavenging.
● This gave the early people a more stable
food source.
● Food stability and sufficiency gave rise to
specialization of works such as weavers,
scribes, and artisans.
● Rise of non-nomadic living.
 AGRICULTURE
The science of growing and cultivating crops and rearing animals.

Advantages:
● Controllable food supply.
● You can create a food surplus which
makes cities possible and also the
specialization of labors.
● It can be practiced all over the world.

Disadvantages:
● In order to keep feeding people as the
population grows you have to radically
change the environment of the planet.
● Farming is hard.
 EARLY
CIVILIZATION
02 S
From agricultural villages to cities
to civilizations
THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION

PLASTERED
NEOLITHIC ART
SKULLS
Mercury is the closest planet to Despite being red, Mars is
the Sun and the smallest actually a cold place
 CITY
It is a relatively permanent and highly organized centre of population, of greater size or
importance than a town or village.
NEOLITHIC
FIRST CITIES
PERIOD • Nile valley
• Emmergence of the first cities when the • Indus valley
development of agricultural techniques. • Wei River valley
VILLAGE vs CITY
VILLAGE CITY
• A small group of settlements • Big and populous settlements which is an
important center of commerce and culture.
• Usually located in a rural area although they • Urban areas with local laws and intricate land,
can also be found in several urban area. housing, sanitation, utilities, and transportation
system.
• Residents are located close together for • It is a commercial hub providing its citizens
defense against enemies purposes and t enable with recreational facilities as well as their
its inhabitants to socialize among themselves. everyday needs.
• Complex trade.
 FLOURISHING OF
03 EARLY
CIVILIZATIONS
• The map shows the locations of
the four ancient river valley
civilizations: Egyptian,
Mesopotamian, Indus, and
Chinese.
• What do these four places have
in common? Can you identify the
river systems that gave birth to
these ancient civilizations?
 GEOGRAPHY OF THE FERTILE
CRESCENT
FERTILE
CRESCENT
● Also known as the “Cradle of
Civilization”.
● It is the boomerang-shaped
region of the Middle East that
was home to some of the earliest
human civilizations.
IMPORTANT RIVER SYSTEM
TIGRIS AND
EUPHRATES
• Provided the support for the
Mesopotamian civilization to flourish.
• Rivers were known for its
unpredicability.

Tigris River

Euphrates River
 IMPORTANT RIVER SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHALLENGES
Unpredictable flooding combined with a
period of little or no rain. The land
sometimes became almost a desert.
With no natural barriers for protection,
a Sumerian village was nearly
defenseless.
The natural resources of Sumer were
limited. Building materials and other
necessary items were scarce.
SOLUTIONS
To provide water, they dug irrigation
ditches that carried river water to their
fields and allowed them to produce a
surplus of crops.
For defense, they built walls with mud
bricks.
Sumerians traded their grain, cloth, and
crafted tools with the people of the
mountains and the desert. In exchange,
they received raw materials such as stone,
wood, and metal.
 IMPORTANT RIVER SYSTEM
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANTAGE
CHALLENGES
When the Nile’s floodwaters were just a
few feet lower than normal, the amount of
fresh silt and water for crops was greatly
reduced. Thousands of people starved.
When floodwaters were a few higher than
usual, the unwanted water destroyed
houses, granaries, and the precious seeds
that farmers needed for planting.
The vast and forbidding deserts on either The deserts shut out invaders which
side of the Nile acted as natural barriers spared Egypt the constant warfare that
between Egypt and other lands. They plagued the Fertile Crescent.
forced Egyptians to live on a very small
portion of the land and reduced interaction
with other peoples.
 SUMERIANS
The people of southern Mesopotamia whose civilization flourished between c. 4100 – 1750 BCE.

Characteristics of Sumer: Priests

1. Advanced cities
2. Specialized workers • They controlled the earliest governments.
3. Complex institutions • They also acted as go-betweens with the gods
4. Record keeping as the farmers believed that the success of their
5. Improved technology crops depended upon the blessings of the gods.
• They demanded a portion of every farmer’s crop
City-state as taxes.
• It functioned much as an independent
country does today. Commander
• Uruk, Kish, Lagash, Umma, and Ur
(the center of all Sumerian cities) • A tough fighter, chosen by the men of the city,
who could command the city’s soldiers.
Ziggurat • At first, the commander’s power ended as soon
• A walled temple where priests and rulers as the war was over, but eventually became
appealed to the gods for the well-being full-time rulers when wars became more and
of the city-state. more frequent.
 SUMERIANS’ CULTURE
Dynasty Priests
• A series of rulers from a single family.
• They controlled the earliest governments.
• They also acted as go-betweens with the gods
Cultural Diffusion
as the farmers believed that the success of their
• The process in which a new idea or a crops depended upon the blessings of the gods.
product spreads from one culture to • They demanded a portion of every farmer’s crop
another. as taxes.
Polytheism
• The belief in more than one god. Commander
• A tough fighter, chosen by the men of the city,
who could command the city’s soldiers.
• At first, the commander’s power ended as soon
as the war was over, but eventually became
full-time rulers when wars became more and
more frequent.
 FOUR IMPORTANT RIVER SYSTEMS
NILE RIVER
• Gave birth to Egyptian civilization.
• River was calm but floods
consistently.
 FOUR IMPORTANT RIVER SYSTEMS
INDUS AND GANGES
RIVERS
• Crucial rivers that for the development of
the Indus civilization which was also
known as the Harappan civilization.
• Provided challenges to the people as it
changed its course.

Indus River

Ganges River
FOUR IMPORTANT RIVER SYSTEMS
HUANG HE AND YANGTZE
RIVERS
• The Chinese civilization flourished near
these two rivers.
• Huang He River was also known as the
River of Sorrow also caused damages to the
ancient Chinese civilization when it floods.

Yangtze River

Huang He River
USES OF RIVERS DURING EARLY
CIVILIZATION
Provided potable drinking
water to the people of villages
River water was also used for
and settlements.
irrigation. Thus, crops were
Provided marine source grown and gave people steady
resources such as fishes and food supply and even food
other aquatic animals which surpluses.
supplemented their food
supply. The river system also
facilitated trade.
The water from the rivers
deposited minerals on land
that made the latter rich and
very suitable for farming.
COLLECTIV
E LEARNING
The ability of humans to store and accumulate information
and share them with the succeeding generations.
 THE FALL
OF EARLY
04
CIVILIZATI
ONS
What makes history similar to the stories you have read in English
or Filipino subjects?
CAUSES OF
THE FALL
OF EARLY
CIVILIZATI
ONS
 EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

PHOENICIA ASSYRIA PERSIA

Mars is full of iron
Earth is the only planet Venus has a beautiful
oxide dust, which gives
known to harbor life. We name and very high
the planet its reddish
all live here temperatures
cast

EARLY EGYPT INDIA CHINA

Jupiter is a gas giant and Saturn is a gas giant Neptune is the fourth-
the biggest planet in the composed mostly of largest object by
Solar System hydrogen and helium diameter
AWESOME
WORDS
 ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS TIMELINE
BC AD
3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800 4000 1 400

Ancient Mesopotamia Ancient India Ancient Greece

Ancient Egypt Ancient China Ancient Persia
EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS

ENVIRONMENT AUTHORITY TECHNOLOGY

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest

Mesopotamia
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun planet of them all

Despite being red, Mars Saturn is a gas giant and Pluto is considered a
Egypt
is a cold place has several rings dwarf planet

Earth is the planet we all Neptune is very far from Pluto is no longer
Indus Valley
live on the Sun considered a planet

The Sun is the star we all Ceres is located in the The Moon is our only
China
orbit around main asteroid belt natural satellite
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
PERSIAN AND MEDIAN ROYAL HOUSES
Ahasuerus I Cyrus I Ariaramnes

Darius I Queen Cambyses I Arsames

ESTHER Ahasuerus II Queen Cyrus II Hystapes

Cambyses II

Queen Darius II

Median royalty Persian royalty Persian nobility Queen

 PEOPLE IN EARLY EGYPT
10 200
HIGH PRIESTS ARTIST
Saturn is composed of Venus is the second
hydrogen and helium planet from the Sun

40 1500
SCRIBES FARMERS
Jupiter is the biggest Mercury is the smallest
planet of them all planet of them all

70 3000
GOVERNORS SLAVES Follow the link in the graph to modify its
Neptune is very far Mars is actually a very data and then paste the new one here.
away from the Sun cold place For more info, click here
 ANCIENT CHINA RISE FACTORS

FOOD CIVIL MILITARY & TECHNICAL

SOURCE SERVANTS STRATEGY SKILLS
Mercury is the Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest Mars is actually a
smallest planet planet from the Sun planet very cold place
 TYPES OF JUDAISM

ORTHODOX REFORM
Saturn is a gas giant composed Neptune is the fourth-largest
mostly of hydrogen and object by diameter in the Solar
helium System

CONSERVATIVE MESSIANIC HUMANISTIC

Venus is terribly hot, even Earth is the third planet from Mars is full of iron oxide dust,
hotter than Mercury, and its the Sun and the only one that which gives the planet its
atmosphere is poisonous harbors life in the System reddish cast
A PICTURE
ALWAYS
REINFORCES
THE CONCEPT
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 KEY NUMBERS

35% 47% 55%

SUMER EGYPT CHINA
Neptune is the farthest Saturn is composed of Jupiter is the biggest
planet from the Sun hydrogen and helium planet of them all
JUDAISM SOCIAL HIERARCHY
RABBI Mercury is a small planet

CHAZZAN Venus has high temperatures

GABBAI Jupiter is the biggest planet

KOHEIN Pluto is a dwarf planet

LEVI Earth is where we all live

REBBE Saturn has rings

TZADDIK Neptune is made of ice

 BUDDHISM VS. HINDUISM

BUDDHISM HINDUISM
● Founder: Buddha ● Founder: None
(Siddhartha ● Trinity of gods:
Gautama) Founded in India Brahma, Vishnu, and
● No god or gods No reincarnation Shiva
● Most live in Sri Believe in karma ● Most live in India
Lanka, Tibet, and Be one with the ● Caste system based
Bhutan universe on karma
● Cause of all suffering ● Four noble truths
is desire ● Sacred writing in
● Four noble truths Sanskrit, in holy
● Eightfold Path books like the Vedas
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
●
REFERENCES
AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
Publisher.
● AUTHOR (YEAR). Title of publication.
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