Department of zoology

SANT GURU GHASIDAS GOVT. P.G. COLLEGE KURUD

DISTRICT - DHAMTARI , ( C.G.)
presentaion
on
Central nervous system

Unit – 2nd, Paper – 2nd

‘Internal Assessment’ – M.Sc. Zoology
Semester -2nd ( january To june 2023 )

SUBMITTED TO
Department of Zoology
Sant Guru Ghasidas Govt. P.G. college Kurud
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University ,Raipur (C.G.)
Guide:
H.O.D. Dept. of zoology -Hit Narayan Tandan
sir Submitted by:
Assistant professor – Chitramani sreemali Miss Leena Sahu
ma’am M.Sc.- 2nd Semeter ( Zoology)
Sant guru ghasidas govt. p.g. college kurud
 SYNOPSIS
Central nervous system

 INTRODUCTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

TYPES OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
(1). – Central nervous system
(2). – Peripheral nervous system

PART OF CNS
STRUCTURE OF BRAIN
TYPES OF BRAIN
(1) Fore brain
(A).Cerebrum
(B).Diencephalon
(2).Mid brain
(3). Hind brain (Brain stem )
(A). Pons
(B). Medulla oblongata
(C).Cerebellum
 FUNCTION OF CEREBELLUM
 SPINAL CORD
 CONCLUTION
 REFERENCE
 MCQ
 INTRODUCTION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

The nervous system detects and responds to changes inside and outside the body.
Together with the endocrine system, it coordinates and control vital aspects of body
function and maintains homeostasis. To this end the nervous system provides an
immediate response while endocrine activity is, usually, slower and more prolonged.

DEFINATION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

1). The nervous system is an organized network of tissue in the human body.
2). The nervous system transmits signals between the brain and rest of the body,
including internal organ
The nervous system has two main parts:
- The central nervous system(CNS): made up of the brain and spinal cord.
- The peripheral nervous system(PNS): made up of the nerves that branch off from
the spinal cord and extend to all part of the body.
 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS)
PART OF CNS:-
 The central nervous system is composed of two major
interconnected organ :
(1). Brain
(2). Spinal cord

BRAIN

(1).Fore brain (2).Mid brain (3).Hind

(A).Cerebrum brain(Brain stem)
(B).Diencephalon (A)Pons
(thalamus, (B).Medulla oblongata
hypothalamus, (C).Cerebellum
epythalamus )
 BRAIN
STRUCTURE OF BRAIN :-
It is a complex structure of human body .
The brain covered and protect from “Cranium”.
Weight of brain :- in adult 1000 -1200 gram.
Size of brain :- in adult (15cm long , 7cm wide, 3.5cm thick).
Shape of brain :- Bulb like shape .
Number of neuron in brain 100 billion
Brain consist of : -water, oxygen, fat, lipid, CSF(cerebrospinal
fluid), Protein etc.
 TYPES OF BRAIN:-
(1).Fore brain:-
(A).Cerebrum:-
 It is a largest part of brain .
 It is also called “Tel-encephalon”.
 Cerebrum is important part for read, wright,speak.
 Cerebrum contains two hemispheres with an outer
portion called the “CEREBRAl CORTEX”
 The two hemispheres are connected by a bridge of nerve fibers that relay
information between the two hemispheres called the “corpus callosum”
 The left and right lobes are each divided into four lobes or part:
 frontal lobe
 parietal lobe
 temporal lobe
 occipital lobe
FUNCTION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX :-
 There are three main types of activity assosiated with the cerebral cortex :
 Higher-order functions, e.g. language, memory , sense of responsibility, thinking,
reasoning, moral decision making and learning .
 Sensory perception, including the perception of pain, temperature, touch,
sight, hearing, taste and smell.
 Initiation and control of skeletal muscle contraction and therefore voluntary
movement.
(B).DIENCEPHALON:-
 The part of brain consist of thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus.
(2). Mid brain:-
 It is a middle part of the brain .
 Mid brain have two surface –
a. Tectum surface
b. Tegmentum surface
(3). Hind brain (Brain stem):-
(A). Pons:-
 The pons is situated in front of the cerebellum, below the midbrain and above the
medulla oblongata .
 It consist mainly of nerve fibers( white matter) .
 The pons also processes information from several of the cranial nerves,including the 5th
cranial nerve and 8th cranial nerve .

(B). Medulla oblongata:-

 The medulla oblongata is the most inferior region of the brain stem.
 Extending from the pons above, it is continuous with the spinal cord below.
 In that body controls and reflexes are present:-
a). Breathing control
b). Heart rate
c). Digestive
d). Speech
(C). Cerebellum:-
It is also called Little brain .
The cerebellum is situated behind the pons and immediately below the posterior of the
cerebrum .
It is Ovoid in shaped and has two hemispheres, separated by a narrow median strip called
the “ VERMIS” .
FUNCTION OF CEREBELLUM:-
 The cerebellum controls and coordinates the movement of various group of skeletal
muscles and maintenance of body .

SPINAL CORD

 The spinal cord is an elongated, almost cylindrical part of the CNS,which is suspended in the
vertebral canal surrounded by meninges and CSF .
 It is approx 45cm long in adult males and is about the thickness of the little finger.
 Cervical nerves(8), Thoracic nerves(12), Lumber nerves(5), Sacral nerves(5), Coccygeal nerves(1).
Total = 31
 The spinal cord receives and transmits electric signals throughout the the enter body
CONCLUSION:-
 The central nervous system or, shortly, the key part of the nervous system built by neurons
concentrated in the nerve centers and located in the spinal canal and the cranial cavity . It extends
along the longitudinal axis of the body .

REFERENCE:-
ROSS & WILSON
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY IN HEALTH AND ILLNESS
Thirteenth Edition
(NURSING BOOKS) .
 MCQ:-

(1). Which of the following is one of the parts of the hind brain ?
a). Hypothalamus
b). Cerebellum
c). Corpus callosum
d). Spinal cord
(2). Which of the following part of the brain control the body
temperature and and urge of eating ?
a). Thalamus
b). Cerebellum
c). Pons
d). Hypothalamus
(3). Which part of the brain has a blood – brain barrier?
a). Anterior pituitary
b). Posterior pituitary
c). Pineal gland
d). Median eminence of the hypothalamus
(4). Which of the following is a traumatic brain injury:
a). Alzheimer’s disease
b). Aphasia
c). Cerebral edema
d). Parkinson’s disease
(5). The area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the
awake / sleep cycle is the:
a). Thalamus
b). Reticular acticating system (RAS)
c). Pineal gland
d). Cerebellum
(6). The mid brain, pons and medullla oblongata are housed in the:
a). Diencephalon
b). Hypothalamus
c). Brain stem
d). Pineal gland
(7). White matter refers to myelinated fibers in the:
a). CNS
b). PNS
c). ANS
d). SNS
(8). Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are
funvtions associated with the:
a). Medulla oblongata
b). Cerebellum
c). Hypothalamus
d). Thalamus.