Critical

reading as
Reasoning
Quarter 4 – Module 2
Critical Reading
is engaging in analytic activity which
involves the reader by asking
questions about the text and the
author’s claim. Critical readers are
doing the process of evaluating,
analyzing, and interpreting the
assertion of the hidden meaning of the
entire text.
On the other hand, reasoning as defined
in Merriam-Webster dictionary, is an
act of giving statements for justification
and explanation. It is the ability of
someone to defend something by
giving out reasons.
Therefore, when reading critically, it is
necessary to question the different
arguments used by the author, as any
problem can weaken the authenticity of
the conclusion. Remember that critical
reading is not meant to criticize but to
assess the validity of textual evidence.
 Steps Used in Critical Reading as Reasoning by
Maxine Rafaella C. Rodriguez and Marella Therese A.
Tiongson
1. Identifying assertions Identify by a common
type of assertion such as fact, convention,
opinion, and preference

2. Formulating a counterclaim Counterclaims are

made to rebut a previous claim

3. Determining evidence Evidence is the details

given by the authors to support his/her claims
 Steps Used in Critical Reading as Reasoning by
Maxine Rafaella C. Rodriguez and Marella Therese A.
Tiongson
1. Example You are asking your father for an Android
phone—that is your claim. Then, your father answers
you, “I am sorry, but you couldn’t.”—this is his
counterclaim. He might say that you already have a
cellphone. Now, you are going to formulate a reason
for your counterclaim. You may say that the reason
you are asking for an Android phone is because you
need to use it for your online class and would be very
helpful in the new normal classroom setup.
 1. Prepare to become part of the
writer's audience.
After all, authors design texts for specific
audiences, and becoming a member of the
target audience makes it easier to get at the
author's purpose. Learn about the author, the
history of the author and the text, the
author's anticipated audience; read
introductions and notes.
 2. Prepare to read with an
open mind..
Critical readers seek knowledge; they do not
"rewrite" a work to suit their own
personalities. Your task as an enlightened
critical reader is to read what is on the page,
giving the writer a fair chance to develop
ideas and allowing yourself to reflect
thoughtfully, objectively, on the text.
 3. Consider the title.
This may seem obvious, but the title may
provide clues to the writer's attitude, goals,
personal viewpoint, or approach.
 4. Read slowly.
Again, this appears obvious, but it is a factor
in a "close reading." By slowing down, you
will make more connections within the text.
5. Use the dictionary and other
appropriate reference works.
If there is a word in the text that is not clear
or difficult to define in context: look it up.
Every word is important, and if part of the
text is thick with technical terms, it is doubly
important to know how the author is using
them.
6. Make notes.
Jot down marginal notes, underline and
highlight, write down ideas in a notebook,
do whatever works for your own personal
taste. Note for yourself the main ideas, the
thesis, the author's main points to support the
theory. Writing while reading aids your
memory in many ways, especially by
making a link that is unclear in the text
concrete in your own writing.
6. Make notes.
Jot down marginal notes, underline and
highlight, write down ideas in a notebook,
do whatever works for your own personal
taste. Note for yourself the main ideas, the
thesis, the author's main points to support the
theory. Writing while reading aids your
memory in many ways, especially by
making a link that is unclear in the text
concrete in your own writing.
7. Keep a reading journal
In addition to note-taking, it is often helpful
to regularly record your responses and
thoughts in a more permanent place that is
yours to consult. By developing a habit of
reading and writing in conjunction, both
skills will improve.
When you write your
counterclaim, you are
expressing unfavorable
statements. Therefore, it is
needed that you use hedges,
which are words or phrases
that give a courteous tone.
Different forms of hedges
Modals: may, could, would,
should, might, certain, must, etc.
Frequency adverbs: usually,
generally, commonly Probability
adverbs: probably, possibly,
presumably
Example:
The common cold is caused by a virus.

With hedges: The common cold must be caused by a

virus. The common virus is certain to be caused by a
virus.
 Main computing features

Computer skills Applications

Despite being red, Mars is actually a Neptune is the farthest planet from the
cold place Sun

Hands-on learning Specific needs

Jupiter is the biggest planet of them Saturn is a gas giant and has several
all rings
 What is this computing topic about?

Programs Internet Basic parts

Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and the smallest of and is the second planet from actually a cold place. It’s full
them all the Sun of iron oxide dust
 Hardware examples

Keyboard Mouse Connectors

Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
to the Sun and the smallest and is the second planet from actually a cold place. It’s full
one of them all the Sun of iron oxide dust
 Recommendations

Essential Patience Clear

Mars is actually a very cold Venus is the second planet Neptune is the farthest
place from the Sun planet from the Sun

Practical Teamwork Assessment

Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant and Jupiter is the biggest planet
planet to the Sun has several rings of them all
A picture always
reinforces
the concept
You can give a brief description of the topic you want to
talk about here. For example, if you want to talk about
Mercury, you can say that it’s the smallest planet in the
entire Solar System
Awesome
words
A picture is worth a thousand words
 Practical computer exercise
Three-step practical exercise for a computer workshop for beginners

01 Mouse handling
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in the Solar System

02 Web browsing
Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust

03 File management
Venus has a very beautiful name and is the second planet from the Sun
 Computer theme blocks
Block

Mouse Web Files

Mercury is the closest Earth is the third planet Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun from the Sun a cold place

Moon Jupiter Saturn Neptune

The Moon is Earth’s Jupiter doesn’t have a Saturn is the ringed one It’s the farthest planet
only natural satellite solid surface and a gas giant from the Sun
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