LATIN SQUARE

DESIGN
Presented by DJ Abhishu
Presented in- PYM 701
Application no- 107566
Roll no- 2101842
• A Latin square design is the
arrangement of t treatments, each one
repeated t times, in such a way that each
treatment appears exactly one time in
each row and each column in the
design. We denote by Roman characters
the treatments. Therefore the design is
called a Latin square design.
• In statistics, Fisher, Ronald
Aylmer (1925) introduced the Latin
square designs.
A Latin Square
 A B C D E
B A E C D
C D A E B
D E B A C
E C D B A

• This is an example 5X5 Latin square design. Here,

each treatment occurs just once in row and just
once in each column. The above square is a
standard Latin Square, since the first row and first
column are in alphabetical order (A, B, C, D, E).
• From a standard Latin Square a total of [n!(n-1)!-
1] different non standard Latin squares can be
generated . They are usually generated by
interchanging rows and columns.
• A Latin square helps us eliminate two
sources of variation: Row effect and
Column effect
• The design is also known as p^2 design
• We don’t use a 2X2 design as there will be
no residual left in that case, therefore we
have to use at least a 3X3 design
• The number of treatments= the number of
rows= the number of columns= n
• First step involves the choice of dimension of the
Latin Square. It is determined by the number of
treatments in our experiment.
• Let us say that we have n treatments, we select
one of the standard nxn squares at random and
then the rows and columns are randomized
independently.
• Let us understand the procedure by an example
of 5X5(nxn) standard square chosen through
Randomization
random selection procedure

Procedure
A B C D E
B A E C D
C D A E B
D E B A C
E C D B A

Second step is to obtain 3 random permutations of the

numbers 1 to 5(1 to n) say-
• 3, 4, 1, 2, 5 (for rows)
• 2, 5, 3, 1. 4 (for columns)
• 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 (for treatments)
3 C D A E B
4 D E B A C
1 A B C D E
2 B A E C D
5 E C D B A

Step 3: Rearrange rows in

accordance with first random
sequence
2 5 3 1 4
D B A C E
E C B D A
B E C A D
A D E B C
C A D E B

Step 4: Rearrange columns in

accordance with second random
sequence
Random Sequence: 4 1 2 3 5
Treatment :A B C D E

That is the treatment number 4 is assigned to letter A,

treatment 1 to B, treatment 2 to c, treatment 3 to d and
treatment 5 to e

Step 5: Rearrange the treatments to

the letters of the Latin square
• Latin square design with one observation in each cell
• Latin square design with n observation in each cell
• Latin square design with repeated measure(Replications
with the same square)
• Latin square design with repeated measure(Replications
with independently randomized square )

Types of Latin square design

Latin square design with one
observation in each cell
 Total= (p^2) -1

Column= Treatment Residual(erro

Row= p-1 r)= (p-1)(p-2)
p-1 = P-1

Partitioning of total variation and df

Latin square design with n
observation in each cell
 Total= (P^2)n-1

Bet. Cells= (P^2)-1 W cells(error)= (P^2)(n-1)

Residual=
A= p-1 B= p-1 C= p-1 (p-1)(p-2)

Partitioning of total variation and df

Latin square design with repeated
measure(Replications with the same square)
 Total= n(P^2)-1

Bet. Ss= np-1 Within Ss= np(p-1)

Error(
Resid
withi
Replication= p- Ss w. rep. A=p- B=p- ual=
n)=
1 (error)= p(n-1) 1 1 (p-1)
p(n-1)
(p-2)
(p-1)

Partitioning of total variation and df

Latin square design with repeated
measure(Replications with independently
randomized square )
 Total= npq-1

Bet Ss= nq-1 w. Ss= nq(p-1)

AR BR Res
= = .=
Ss w. rep.= A= B= (p- (q- q(p
Rep= q-1 p-1 p-1 1) 1) -1)
q(n-1)
(q- (p- (n-
1) 1) 2)

Partitioning of total variation and df

THANK YOU.