Hormuud University

Routing Concept

Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan

Advanced Networking 1 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University
 Hormuud University

Lecture 7
Dynamic Routing

Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan

Advanced Networking 2 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University
 Dynamic Routing

• Routing protocols are used to facilitate the exchange of routing

information between routers
• The purpose of dynamic routing protocols includes

» Discovery of remote networks

» Maintaining up-to-date routing information

» Choosing the best path to destination networks

» Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer

available

Advanced Networking 3 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 Dynamic Routing

• Advantages of dynamic over static.

» Works with advertisements (of directly connected networks)

» No need to know the destination network

» Updates the topology changes dynamically

» Administrative work is reduced

» Used for large organizations

» Neighbor routers exchange routing information and build the

routing table automatically.

Advanced Networking 4 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 Dynamic Routing

• Types of Dynamic Routing Protocols

» Distance Vector protocol
» Link State Protocol
» Hybrid Protocol

Advanced Networking 5 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 Dynamic Routing
Distance Vector Link State Hybrid (Advance distance
vector)

Works with Bellman Ford Works with Dijkstra algorithm Working with Dual algorithm
Algorithm

Periodic updates Incremental updates link state Incremental updates

updates

Full routing tables are exchanged Missing routes are exchanged Missing routes are exchanged

Classfull routing protocol Classless routing protocol Classless routing protocol

Updates are through broadcast Updates are through multicast Updates are through multicast

Example like RIP,IGRP Example: OSPF Example: EIGRP

Easy to configure Difficult to configure Easy to configure

Advanced Networking 6 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 Dynamic Routing

• Classfull protocols
» Classfull routing protocol do not carry the subnet mask
information a long with updates
» Which mean that all devices in the network must use the same
subnet mask (FLSM) or default.
– Example: RIP, IGRP
• Classless protocols
» Classless routing protocols carry the subnet mask information
with updates that is why they support sub networks(FLSM and
VLSM) and also default
– Example: EIGRP and OSPF

Advanced Networking 7 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 Routing Information Protocol

• Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

» Open standard protocol
» Classfull routing protocol
» Updates are broadcasted via 255.255.255.255
» Metric: Hop count
» Load balancing of 4 equal paths
» Max Hop Count: 15 , Max Routers:16
» Used for small organizations
» Exchanging entire routing table for every 30 second
» Administrative distance is 120

Advanced Networking 8 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 RIP Timers

• Update timer: 30 sec

» Time between consecutive updates
• Invalid timer: 180 sec
» Time a router waits to hear update
» The route is marked unreachable if there is no update during
this interval
• Flush timer: 240 sec
» Timer before the invalid route is purged from the routing table
• Hold down timer: 180 sec
» Stabilizes routing information and helps preventing routing
loops during periods when the topology is converging on new
information.

Advanced Networking 9 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 Different between RIPv1 and RIPv2

• RIPv1
» Classfull routing protocol
» No authentication
» Uses broadcast
• RIPv2
» Classless routing protocol
» Support authentication
» Uses multicast address: 224.0.0.9

Advanced Networking 10 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 RIP Configuration
• Configuring RIPv1
» Router(config)# router rip
» Router (config-router)# network <Network ID>
• Configuring RIPv2
» Router(config)# router rip
» Router(config-router)# version 2
» Router (config-router))# network <Network ID>

Advanced Networking 11 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, HormuudUniversity

 LAB RIPv2

R1(config)# router rip R2(config)# router rip

R1(config-router)# version 2
R1(config-router)# network 192.168.1.0
R1(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)# end
R2(config-router)# version 2
R2(config-router)# network 192.168.2.0
R2(config-router)# network 10.0.0.0
R2(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0
R2(config-router)# end

R3(config)# router rip

R3(config-router)# version 2
R3(config-router)# network 192.168.3.0
R3(config-router)# network 11.0.0.0
R3(config-router)# end

Advanced Networking 12 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University

 RIP(Cont)

• Advantages RIP
» Easy to configure
» No designing constraints (un like OSPF)
» Less overhead
• disadvantages RIP
» Bandwidth utilization is very high as broadcast for every 30
second
» Works only on hop count (not consider BW)
» Not scalable as hop count is only 15
» Slow convergence

Advanced Networking 13 Lecturer: Huthaifa Nour Hassan, Hormuud University