Ecosystem, Biodiversity and

Bangladesh

ENV 101: Environmental Science & Sustainability

Fall 2023
 Different Animals in Different Environment

Ecosystem: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=sKJoXdrOT70
 Levels of Organization
Ecosystem: A place where interaction occur
between living and non-living things with a flow
of energy for the sustenance of life.
Man Made Ecosystem: Rooftop Gardens
 Aquatic Ecosystems

Freshwater Ecosystem Marine Ecosystem

 Terrestrial Ecosystems

Forest Ecosystem Grassland Ecosystem

 Terrestrial Ecosystems

Desert Ecosystem
Mountain Ecosystem
Components of Ecosystems
Components of Ecosystems
 Basic Characteristics of Ecosystems
 Structure: An ecosystem has both living (communities of interacting
species) and nonliving (rocks, water, and air) parts

 Process: Two basic kinds of processes must occur in the ecosystem:

1. A flow of energy (Food web)

2. A cycling of chemical elements (e.g. nitrogen, oxygen,
carbon)

 Change: An ecosystem changes over time and can undergo

development through a process called succession
Ecosystem functions: Energy flow at different Level of Ecosystem
Ecosystem functions: Energy flow at different Level of Ecosystem
Importance of Ecosystems
Climatic zones and ecosystem
 Terrestrial Biomes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kQSXIWsUtg&t=2s
Different types of Ecosystem
Nearly 60% natural habitat
destroyed in the earth
Biodiversity

Bio = Life
Diversity=Variety

Biodiversity means-
 The diversity, or variety, of plants and animals and other living things in a
particular area or region.
 Also means the number, or abundance of different species living within a
particular region.
 Types of Biodiversity
• Ecosystem Diversity

• Species Diversity

• Genetic Diversity
 Threats to Biodiversity

• Change of land use • Unsustainable agricultural practices

• Fragmentation and loss of habitat • Monoculture Plantation

• Change in hydrological system

• Invasive alien species

• Pollution
• Climate change

• Uncontrolled tourism
 Extinct Species
 Extinction of a particular animal or plant species occurs when
there are no more individuals of that species alive anywhere in
the world - the species has died out. This is a natural part of
evolution.

 Extinct is when all plants/animals of a kind or species are

dead.

 These animals/plants died out of natural causes.

 Nilgais fighting Wild Water Buffalos.

Male and female Bantengs Indian Peafowl (female)

Sloth Bear Indian Peafowl (male)

 Endangered Species
• Endangered animals are those who are close to
extinction. They need help to survive.

• Those species are mostly threatened by

humans.

• A species of animal or plant that is seriously at

risk of extinction.
• PANDA BEAR
Panda bear
Rhinosour

Polar bear

KOALA BEAR
 Endangered species in Bangladesh:

• Ganges river dolphin, • Yellow-throated marten,

• Rhesus macaque, • Binturong,

• Bengal fox, • masked palm civet

• Asian golden cat, • Malayan giant squirrel.

• Hog badger,
 Importance of Biodiversity
 Biodiversity provides excellent conditions for and drives the processes
that sustain species survival.
 Biodiversity provides for ecological, economic and cultural values to
the world’s community.
 Climate change is changing species distribution through shifting habitat,
changing life cycles, and development of new physical traits
Importance of Biodiversity (cont)

 People need ecosystems for adaptation and

ecosystems need people.

 Biodiversity plays a major role in meeting human

needs directly while maintaining the ecological
processes upon which our survival depends.

 Biodiversity is a national asset and a powerful

contributor to economic development, provision
of natural resource, ecological processes, and
improving human wellbeing.

30
Pesticides Killing
everything

SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICE # 11: SAVE BIODIVERSITY

 Fruit protection penalizing birds:
It is used to protect fruit trees in Chapainababganj

SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICE # 11: SAVE BIODIVERSITY

Eight days Six elephants were electrified in eight days
in the forest of Chokoria, Cox’s Bazar (13 Nov, 2021)

SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICE # 11: SAVE BIODIVERSITY

Easing Man-elephant conflict:
Eight km wide solar fencing at
Kaptai forest region to ease human
elephant conflict. This low
electricity fencing used for elephant out
of human settlement. Also not
encouraging teak or Shegun cultivation in
hill forest that does not support sufficient
leaves or fruits for wildlife.

SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICE # 11: SAVE BIODIVERSITY

Nilgai extinct in Bangladesh since 1940’s. Reappeared
from India is under local threats

SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICE # 11: SAVE BIODIVERSITY

Act of Kindness
 How can we protect Ecosystem and Biodiversity-

• We should not plant foreign or exotic trees such as acacia,

eucalyptus etc. Instead plant adaptable local varieties of
forest trees and fruit trees for food security.
• Protect biodiversity by avoiding pesticides, chemicals,
monoculture, hybridization.
• Make sure of biodiversity conservation by protecting wild
lives, i.e. Elephant, Tigers, Vulture, Dolphin, Gharial, Nilgai
etc.
• We should change our hunting attitude to save wildlife.
• Call 999 to inform forest department to save any wildlife .
Thanks for your kind Attention