TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE

STRATEGY
Oral Communication 11
 1. NOMINATION
A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively
and productively establish a topic.

When you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic

with the people you are talking to.
EXAMPLE:
1. Have you felt the earthquake last night?
2. There’s a new film festival next month!
3. Mom, I’m pregnant.
 2. RESTRICTION
 Refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker.

 When communicating in the classroom, in a meeting or while hanging

out with your friends, you are typically given specific instructions
that you must follow.
 2. RESTRICTION
 Example:
 In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm
on peer pressure or deliver a speech on digital natives. In these
cases, you cannot decide to talk about something else.

 On the other hand, conversing with your friends during

ordinary days can be far more casual than these examples.
 REMEMBER!
Always be on point and avoid sideswiping
from the topic during the conversation to
avoid communication breakdown.
 3. TURN-TAKING
 Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk because
others take much time during the conversation.

 Turn taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes
the conversational floor.

 There is a code of behavior behind establishing and sustaining a

productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give all
communicators a chance to speak.
 REMEMBER!
 Keep your words relevant and reasonably short enough to express your
views or feelings.

 Try to be polite even if you are trying to take the floor from another
speaker.

 Do not hog the conversation and talk incessantly without letting the other
party air out their back, and you could accompany these signals with
spoken cues such as ‘What so you think” or “You wanted to say
something”
 4. TOPIC CONTROL
 It covers how procedural formality or informality affects the
development of topic in conversations.

Example:
 In meetings, you may only have a turn to speak after the
chairperson directs you to do so. Contrast this with a casual
conversation with friends over lunch or coffee where you may take
the conversational floor anytime.
 REMEMBER!
Regardless of the formality of the context, topic control
is achieved cooperatively.

This only means that when a topic is initiated, it should

be collectively developed by avoiding unnecessary
interruptions and topic shifts.
 REMEMBER!
You can make yourself actively involved in the conversation
without everly dominating it by using minimal responses like
“Yes,” Okay,” “Go on”; asking tag questions to clarify
information briefly like “You are excited, aren’t you?”, “It was
unexpected, wasn’t it?’; and even by laughing!
 6. TOPIC SHIFTING
 involves moving from one topic to another.

it is where one part of a conversation ends and

another begins.
 REMEMBER!
When shifting from one topic to another, you have to be very
intuitive.

Make sure that the previous topic was nurtured enough to

generate adequate views.

You may also use effective conversational transitions to

indicate shift like “By th way,” “In addition to what you
said,” “Which reminds me of,” and the like.
 6. REPAIR
 Refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening,
and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.

 Example:

 If everybody in a conversation seems to talk at the same time, give

way and appreciate other’s initiative to set the conversation back to it’s
topic.
 6. REPAIR
Is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction
(Schegloff et al, 1977). If there is a problem in understanding
the conversation, speakers will always try to address and
correct it.

In this case, always seek to initiate the repair.

 7. TERMINATION
 Refers to the conversation participants’ close initiating expressions that end a
topic in a conversation. Most of the time, the topic initiator takes
responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well.

 Although not all topics may have clear ends, try to signal the end of the topic
through concluding cues.

 You can do this by sharing what you learned from the conversation. Aside
from this, soliciting agreement from the other participants usually completes
the discussion of the topic.