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Pure3 Chapter 4
Pure3 Chapter 4
Formulae
Chapter 4
Learning Objectives
• Prove and use of addition formulae.
• Understand and use the double-angle formulae.
• Solve trigonometric equation using the double-angled and addition
formulae.
• Write the expressions of the form in the forms or .
• Prove trigonometric identities using a variety of identities.
Addition Formulae(Compound-angle)
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝑨+𝑩)≡𝐬𝐢𝐧𝑨𝐜𝐨𝐬𝑩+𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨𝐬𝐢𝐧𝑩
Proof of
You need to understand the geometric proofs of these formulas
(Not needed for exam)
sin ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )
𝐵
𝐴
cos ( 𝐴+ 𝐵 )
Proof of
Width of diagram will give
Y sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵
1: Suppose we had a line of
cos ( 𝐴+ 𝐵 ) 𝐵
si n
length 1 projected an angle Height of diagram will give
of above the horizontal.
Then the length of
𝐴 cos 𝐴sin 𝐵
OX sin ( 𝐴 + 𝐵 )
It would seem sensible to try
and find this same length in
1
terms of and individually.
s 𝐵
2:We can achieve this c o
by forming right-angled 𝐵 sin 𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵
triangles.
𝐴
O X
cosB
𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝑨 − 𝑩¿) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝑨+ ( − 𝑩 ) )
¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝑨 ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( − 𝑩 ) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( 𝑨 ) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( − 𝑩)
Odd function
even Function
𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( 𝑨+ 𝑩 )
¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝝅
(𝟐
− ( 𝑨+ 𝑩 ) ) We know that
¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧
(( 𝝅
𝟐 )
− 𝑨 +( − 𝑩 )
)
¿ 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( 𝝅
𝟐 )
− 𝑨 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (− 𝑩 ) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (
𝝅
𝟐 )
− 𝑨 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( − 𝑩 )
sec 105 ° =− √ 2 ( 1+ √ 3 )
Example
Using the addition formula for cos, show that
Example
a) Given that express in terms of .
tan ( 75 ° )
cos ( 75° )
Exam Question
Edexcel June 2013 C3 Q3
Given that
Show, without using a calculator, that
Hence solve for, ,
Giving your answer to 1d.p.
We know that
Exercise 4A
Exercise 4A
Exercise 4A
Exercise 4A
Exercise 4A
Double Angle Formulae
Q where is acute.
Find the exact value of
Example
Write as a single trigonometric ratios.
4 sin 70
sec 70
1 −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛
3𝑥
2
2 ( )
Example
Prove that
Example
Given that and ,
eliminate and express in terms of
Solving Trigonometric Equations
Solve for
cos ( 𝜃 + 8 °)
2 sin ( 𝜃 +17 ° ) =
sin ( 𝜃 +17 ° )
Exam Question
The Half angle formulas
The double angle formulas can be rearranged to get another three
useful identities
•
Both of these from
A
Example
Show that
You will see that it has the form or but stretched vertically and
translated horizontally
?
Further Examples
Put in the form where
Hence solve, for , the equation
Therefore:
(Without using calculus), find the maximum value of , and give the smallest
positive value of at which it arises.
Use either or before that way the + sign in the middle matches
up.
?
Cos is at most 1,thus the expression has value at most 13.
This occurs when (as ) thus
Maxima
What is the maximum value of the expression and determine the
smallest positive value of (in degrees) at which it occurs
Expression Maximum Smallest Ɵ at maximum
Exam Question
Solution
Exam Question
Edexcel June 2013 C3 Q6
Exam Question
Exam Question
Exam Question
[OCR] By writing or otherwise,
prove the identity
𝒙
( ) ()
𝟐 𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙≡𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 × ≡ 𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬 − 𝟏
𝟐
?
𝟐
Just for your interest…
So if , and are the ‘core’
trigonometric functions,
where does come into
the fray?”
A common myth is that , and are
the ‘core’ trigonometric functions
Cotangent
“cosine” (), “cotangent” () and
“cosecant” () are the
cosine ‘complementary’ trig functions.
Actually, they’re and !
Complementary angles add to .
The two smaller angles in a right-
A tangent is a line which
Tangent angled triangle are clearly
𝜃
1
−
touches the circle. We’re sine complementary
90
interested in the length just 𝜃
between the touching point
and where it meets the secant. Secant The complementary sine (cosine) of an angle is
by definition the sine of the complementary
A secant (shortened to ‘sec’) angle, e.g. . Thus:
is a line which cuts the circle.
In a trig setting, we’re
interested in the length from
the circle centre to where it
meets the tangent.