The Cardiac Cycle, Heart Sounds, And

Blood Pressure
 My Pulse Rate
• Have a seat and relax for 5 minutes. Take your own
pulse from your wrist for 60 seconds or 1 minute.
Record your observation.
• Jump 10 times. Take your pulse rate right after
jumping. Record your observation.
• Take your seat. Rest and relax for another 5 minutes.
Take your pulse rate again. Record observation. Give at
least two observations from this activity.
 Cardiac Cycle
Sequence of events that happens when the heart
beats.

Three phases in the cardiac cycle:

1. The diastole of all the chambers of the heart.
2. The systole of the atrium.
3. The systole of the ventricles.
 Diastole Phase of All the Chambers of the
Heart
• During diastole phase, all the
HEART CHAMBERS are
RELAXED.
• Right atrium receives blood from the
vena cava. The left atrium receives
blood from the pulmonary veins
• Atrioventricular valve are open,
allowing blood to flow freely into
the ventricles.
 Diastole Phase of All the Chambers of the
Heart
• This phase last only about
0.4 seconds.
• At this point, the semilunar
valves are closed preventing
the blood to backflow in the
ventricles.
 Systole Phase of the Atria

• The sinoatrial (SA) node

located within the walls of
the right atrium contracts.
• Its contraction signals the
atria to contract only for
about 0.1 seconds.
• This brief contraction
completely fills the
ventricles with blood.
 Systole Phase of the Atria

• At this point, the

atrioventricular (AV) are open
while the semilunar valves are
closed preventing the backflow
of blood at the ventricles.
 Systole of the Ventricles
• The atrioventricular valves close and the semilunar valves are open.
• The left ventricle receives impulses from the Purkinje fibers and it contracts.
• Contraction from the right ventricle forces blood to the lungs via pulmonary
artery.
• Contraction from the left ventricle forces oxygenated blood to different parts
of the aorta.
• At this point, the semilunar valves are open, while the atrioventricular valves
are closed to prevent the backflow of the blood to the atria.
• The aorta branches out to provide oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.
• Auscultation - the action of listening
to sounds from the heart, lungs, or
other organs, typically with a
stethoscope, as a part of medical
diagnosis.
• The stethoscope - is a device that
helps physicians or healthcare
providers primarily to listen to the
sounds generated internally by your
heart, lungs and intestinal tract. It is
also used to check blood pressure.
 The normal heart sound is typically described as
“lub-dub”. The sounds are also called heart beat.
 The first sound “lub” (S1) is usually softer in pitch and longer
in duration. The vibrations of the ventricles when they contract and
the closing of the atrioventricular valves produce it.
The second sound “dub” (S2) is higher in pitch and shorter in
duration. The vibrations of the closing of the semilunar valves
produce it.
The “dub” sound is shorter and louder because the cusps of
the semilunar valves are more rigid than the mitral and tricuspid
valves.
If the valves are not completely closed, turbulence in the
blood flow can be heard: this is the condition called heart murmur.
 Mechanisms That Control Heartbeat

Pacemaker – maintains and sets the rate at which the heart contracts.
Sinoatrial node (SA) is the pacemaker of the heart.
• It sends signals to the right and left atria so both will contract in unison.
• The signal passes through a relay point called the atrioventricular node (AV).
• AV the signal is delayed to ensure that the atria will be the first to contract before
the ventricles will contract.
• Signals from the Purkinje fibers trigger the strong contraction of the ventricles.
 Blood Pressure and its Measurement

• Blood Pressure (BP) is the force exerted by

the circulating blood upon the walls of the
blood.
• Blood pressure is obtained using the
instrument called sphygmomanometer.
• Blood pressure is also the force that moves
the blood from the heart to the different blood
vessels.
 Systolic
120 Pressure
Diastolic
Pressure 80
• Pulse is a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is
propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck.

• Pulse is readily distinguished in the

following parts of the body:
1. Radial artery – on the radial side
of the wrist
2. Facial artery – at the point of
crossing of the mandible
3. Carotoid artery – on the side of
the neck
4. Temporal Artery – at the temple
above and to the outer side of the eye
5. Brachial Artery – on the inner side
of the biceps
6. Femoral Artery – on the groin
7. Popliteal Artery – behind the knee
8. Dorsalis pedis artery – at the
anterosuperior of the food