SISTER CALLISTA ROY:

ADAPTATION MODEL
(1939-PRESENT)
ADAPTATION MODEL OF NURSING

• Born in 1939, she has made significant contributions to the field of nursing and is widely
recognized for her work in developing a theoretical framework that guides nursing
practice.
• The Roy Adaptation Model, first proposed in the 1970s, focuses on the concept of
adaptation and how individuals and groups respond to the stimuli in their environment.
• The model provides a way of thinking about people and their environment that is useful
in any setting. It helps one prioritize care and challenges the nurse to move the patient
from survival to transformation.
ASSUMPTIONS

A. EXPLICIT ASSUMPTIONS B. IMPLICIT ASSUMPTIONS

• The person is a bio-psycho-social being. • A person can be reduced to parts for study and
care.
• The person is in constant interaction with a
changing environment. • Nursing is based on causality.

• To cope with a changing world, person uses • Patient’s values and opinions are to be

both innate and acquired mechanisms which considered and respected.

are biological, psychological and social in • A state of adaptation frees an individual’s

origin. energy to respond to other stimuli.
 ASSUMPTIONS

A. EXPLICIT ASSUMPTIONS

• Health and illness are inevitable dimensions of the person’s life.

• To respond positively to environmental changes, the person must adapt.
• The person’s adaptation is a function of the stimulus he is exposed to and his adaptation
level
 ASSUMPTIONS

A. EXPLICIT ASSUMPTIONS

• The person has 4 modes of adaptation: physiologic needs, self- concept, role function and inter-
dependence.
• "Nursing accepts the humanistic approach of valuing other persons’ opinions, and viewpoints"
Interpersonal relations are an integral part of nursing
• There is a dynamic objective for existence with ultimate goal of achieving dignity and integrity.
KEY COMPONENTS
OF THE ROY
ADAPTATION
MODEL
1. ADAPTATION

• The central concept of the model and defined as

the process and outcome in which individuals and
groups maintain balance and harmony within
themselves and with their environment.
II. STIMULUS
• is any factor that provokes/inflames a response, it can be arise
from internal and external environment.
• Focal stimuli: Directly related to the need for adaptation.
• Contextual stimuli: All other stimuli present in the situation.
• Residual stimuli: Environmental factors that may affect
adaptation but are not immediately relevant.
 III. ADAPTIVE MODES

• Physiologic mode: Involves the basic biological processes that contribute to

adaptation.
• Self-concept mode: Pertains to how individuals perceive themselves in relation to
others.
• Role function mode: Involves the roles individuals play in society and how well
they perform them.
• Interdependence mode: Focuses on the relationships and social support systems
that contribute to adaptation.
 PHYSIOLOGIC MODE: GOAL- PHYSIOLOGICAL AND
OPERATING INTEGRITY

• Behavior in this mode is a manifestation of the physiological activity of all the cells, tissues, organs, &
systems of the body.
5 needs serve to promote physiological integrity, (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, and
protection).
4 processes which help maintain physiological integrity (senses, fluid and electrolytes, neuro, and
endocrine ).
 SELF- CONCEPT MODE: GOAL- PSYCHOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

• Pertains to how individuals perceive themselves in relation to others.

Physical self: how one sees his own physical being
• (1) body sensation: ability to express sensations/feel symptoms
• (2) body image: how one sees himself as a physical being
 SELF- CONCEPT MODE: GOAL- PSYCHOLOGICAL INTEGRITY

Personal self: how one views his qualities, values, worth

• (1) self-consistency: one’s self-description of qualities; also includes self-organization
behavior
• (2) self-ideal/self-expectancy: what one would like to do or be
• (3) moral-ethical-spiritual self: values, beliefs, religion self-esteem: the value one
places on himself/herself
 ROLE FUNCTION MODE

• Involves the roles individuals play in society and how well they perform .
• Goal: SOCIAL INTEGRITY
• Primary role: role based on age, sex, developmental state
• Secondary role: role(s) a person assumes to complete tasks associated with a primary role or
developmental
stage
• Tertiary role: a role freely chosen; temporary; associated with accomplishments of tasks or goals
 INTERDEPENDENCE MODE

• Focuses on the relationships and social support systems that contribute to adaptation.
• Goal : Nurturance and Affection
• Significant others: intimate relationships (spouse, parent, God)
• Support systems: less intimate relationships (coworkers, friends)
• Giving behaviors: giving love, nurturance, affection
• Receiving behaviors: receiving/taking in love, nurturance, affection
METAPARADIGMN

• Person -- adaptive system

• Environment -- stimuli
• Health -- outcome of adaptation
• Nursing- promoting adaptation and health
Roy Adaptation Model
IV. THE ADAPTATION MODEL SIX-STEP NURSING
PROCESS

• 1. Assessment of Behavior
• 2. Assessment of Stimuli
• 3. Nursing Diagnosis
• 4. Goal Setting
• 5. Intervention
• 6. Evaluation
• What is then the significance of Roy
Adaptation Model 6 steps Nursing Process?
 V. NURSING SYSTEMS

• Influence on the client system: Actions taken by the nurse to

promote adaptation.
• Supportive-Educative System: Providing information and support to
enhance adaptation.
• Regulatory System: Establishing and maintaining an environment
that promotes adaptation.
EXAMPLE OF NURSING SYSTEMS

A 30-year-old patient, Mr. Smith, has undergone major abdominal surgery. He is struggling
with pain management, mobility, and adjusting to the changes in his body post-surgery.
• 1. Influence on the Client System:
Example: The nurse administers pain medication, monitors vital signs, and assists Mr.
Smith in performing activities that he finds challenging due to postoperative pain, such as
turning in bed or walking.
EXAMPLE OF NURSING SYSTEMS

II. Supportive-Educative System:

Example:
 The nurse educates Mr. Smith about the importance of deep breathing exercises to
prevent respiratory complications post-surgery.
 The nurse also provides emotional support by acknowledging Mr. Smith's concerns
about his body image and helping him cope with the emotional aspects of recovery.
EXAMPLE OF NURSING SYSTEMS

III. Regulatory System:

Example:
 The nurse ensures that the patient's room is well-organized, free from hazards, and
conducive to rest and recovery.
 The nurse collaborates with the interdisciplinary team to manage the patient's pain
effectively and maintains a therapeutic environment that supports Mr. Smith's physical
and emotional needs.
•What is then the importance of the
Nursing Systems in Roy Adaptation
Model?
 STRENGTHS

• 1. Holistic Approach • 5. Clear Nursing Process

• 2. Universal Applicability
• 3. Emphasis on
Individualized Care
• 4. Recognition of
Environmental Influences
• 6. Research and Education
• 7. Relevance to Chronic
Illness
• 8. Integration of Nursing
Systems
 WEAKNESS

• Complexity • Inadequate Attention to

• Limited specificity Prevention

• Overemphasis on physical • Applicability to Acute

adaptation Situations
• Limited Attention to Nurse-
Client Relationship