Group 2

LITERATURE
UNDER THE
SPANISH
COLONIZATION
1565-1897
 LEARNING OBJECTIVE
• At the end of the presentation the students must be able to
understand how Literature started during the Spanish
Period.
• Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565
during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first
Spanish governor-general in the Philippines. Literature
started to flourish during his time. The spurt continued
unabated until the Cavite Revolt in 1872.
• The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more than
three centuries.
• The task of translating religious instructional materials
forced the Spanish missionaries to employ natives as
translators.
Eventually, these natives learned to read and write both in
Spanish and in their native tongue.

Ladinos - bilingual natives

• They published their works, mainly devotional poetry, in

the first decade of the 17th century.
 Gaspar Aquino de Belen

• Filipino poet and Pilipino translator famous

critic
• famous poet and translator in 17th century
• he wrote the Mahal na Pasion ni Jesu
Christo, a Tagalog poem based on Christ's
passion, was published in 1704.
 Pedro Alejandro Paterno
Name: Pedro Alejandro Paterno De Vera Ignacio

• He wrote the first Filipino novel in 1885 and published on 1908.

• Written as a response to the accusation that Filipinos possessed no
distinct culture, Ninay was written in the tradition of costumbrismo, a
movement in Spanish literature in the 19th century.
• The first Filipino novel was "Ninay," written in Spanish by Pedro
Paterno.
 Prominent figures during
Spanish Colonial Period

Fransisco Balagtas Baltazar

also known as Francisco Balagtas
(1788-1862)
• the acknowledged master of traditional
Tagalog poetry.
• Known as "Prince of Filipino Poet“
• He is the Father of Balagtasan
• His native poem,
“Florante at Laura”,
written in sublime Tagalog, is
about tyranny in Albanya, but
it is also perceived to be about
the tyranny in his Filipino
homeland.
 Jose Rizal (1861-1896)
Name: Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado y Alonso Realonda
Birthdate: June 19, 1861
Political Party: La Liga Filipina,
Katipunan
• ang dakilang manunulat
• he is the "Philippine National
Hero"
• Rizal's two novels, "Noli Me Tangere" and its sequel, "El
Filibusterismo", chronicle the life and ultimate death of
Ibarra, a Filipino educated in abroad, who attempts to
reform his country through education.
 Inspired by Rizal and his two
novels were Andres Bonifacio
(1863-1897) and his closest aide,
Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899).
Both were writers and social critics
who were profoundly influenced by
the liberal ideas of the French
enlightenment.
 Padre Modesto de Castro
(1819-1864)
Modesto de Castro, a Catholic priest
and moralist, a writer and an orator is
hardly known today although in his
generation he was one of the highly
respected and honored native members
of the clergy.
• Father de Castro wrote Cartas
de Urbana Y Felisa or
Pagsusulatan Nang Dalauang:
Binibini Na si Urbana at Felisa
or simply Urbana at Felisa.
 Pedro Alcantara Monteclaro
• was born in Miag-oa, Iloilo on October 15, 1850.
• Graduated from the Seminario College de Jaro in
1865, was twice married and had 5 children.
• He served as Teniente Mayor in 1891, and
Gobernadorcillo in 1892-1894 and become a
local hero during Revolution and the American
Invasion.
THE MARAGTAS
the word Maragtas is
equivalent of the Spanish
word “Historia”.
 A. SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

2. Christian
1. Alibata
Doctrine
3. Spanish language became the literary language this
time
4. European legends and traditions
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to
Tagalog
6. Grammar books were printed in Filipino
7. Religious tone
B. THE FIRST BOOKS
1. Ang Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian
Doctrine)
2. Nuestra Senora del Rosario
3. Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre
(in Spanish and Tagalog)
4. Ang Barlaan at Josephat
5. The Passion
6. Urbana at Felisa
7. Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary)
 C. LITERARY COMPOSITIONS
1. Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the Tagalog
language)
2. Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding the Tagalog
language)
3. Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog vocabulary)
4. Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango vocabulary)
5. Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan vocabulary)
6. Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (The Art of the Ilocano language)
7. Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol Language)
 D. FOLK SONGS
Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines. They truly manifest
the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos' innate
appreciation for love and beauty.

Examples of which are:

 Leron-Leron Sinta (Tagalog)
 Pamulinawen (Iloko)
 Dandansoy (Bisaya)
 Sarong Banggi (Bicol)
 Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Kapampangan)
E. RECREATIONAL PLAYS

Tibag
• means “to excavate”
It reminds us about the search of St. Helena
for the Cross on which Jesus died.
 Lagaylay
• a special occasion for the Pilarenos of
Sorsogon during Maytime to get together.
• The participating ladies are chosen and
sometimes, mothers volunteer their girls in
order to fulfill a vow made during an
illness or of a favor received.
• Praise, respect and offering of love to the
Blessed Cross by. Helena on the mound
she had dug in
 The Cenaculo
• A dramatic performance to commemorate
to passion death of Jesus Christ
• Two kinds: the Cantada and the Hablada
• This is written in octosyllabic verse, with 8
verses to the stanza. The full length
versions take about 3 nights os staging.
 Panunuluyan
• Presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve.
• A presentation of the search of the Virgin
Mary and St. Joseph for an inn to deliver
baby Jesus
 The Salubong (or Panubong)
• An Easter play that dramatizes the meeting
of the Risen Christ and His Mother
 Carillo (Shadow Play)
• A form of dramatic entertainment
performed in a moonless night during a
town fiesta or an dark nights after a
harvest.
• This shadow play is made by projecting
cardboard figures before a lamp against a
white sheet.
 The Zarzuela
• Considered as the “father of the drama”
• A musical comedy or melodrama in three
acts which dealt with man’s passions an
demotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty,
avarice or some social or political problem.
• These were originally performed by
travelling dramatic troupes organized by
royal mandate of Governor Narciso Claveria
to stimulate dramatic performances.
 The Sainete
• A short musical comedy popular during the
18 century.
• They were exaggerated comedies shown
between acts of long plays and were mostly
performed by characters from the lower
classes.
 F. The Moro-moro
• Performed during town fiestas to entertain
the people and to remind them of their
Christian religion.
• The plot is usually the same that of a
Christian princess or a nobleman’s
daughter who is captured by the
Mohammedans. The father organizes a
rescue party where fighting between the
Moros an the Christians ensure.
 G. Karagatan

• This is poetic vehicle of a socio-

religious nature celebrated during
the death of a person
• In the contest, more or less formal, a
ritual is performed based on a legend
about a princess who dropped her
ring into the middle of the sea and
who offered her hand in marriage to
anyone who can retrieve it.
 H. Duplo

• This replaced the Karagatan.

• This is poetic joust in speaking and reasoning. The roles are
taken from the Bible and from proverbs and sayings.
• It is usually played during wakes for the dead.
 I. The Balagtasan

• This is poetic joust or a contest of

skills in debate on a particular topic
or issue.
• This replaced the Duplo and his held
to honor Francisco “Balagtas”
Baltazar.
 J. The Dung-Aw

• A chant in free verse by a bereaved

person beside the corpse of the dead.
• No definite meter or rhyming
scheme is used. The person is
chanting it freely recites in poetic
rhythm according to his feeling,
emotions and thoughts.
 K. The Awit and Corrido

AWIT
• Dodecasyllabic verse
• Are fabricated stories from
writer’s imagination although
the setting and characters are
European
• Refers to chanting
CORRIDO
• Octosyllabic verse
• Were usually legends or
stories from European
countries like France, Spain,
Italy and Greece.
• Refers to narration

They are both referred to as narrative poetry.

THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING
 REPORTERS:

Shemaiah Mae Bandol

Jellian Trissha Balona
Maria Ruth Bahillo
Elmar Granadillos
Jassleen Costillas
Hazel Benasa
Janice Belga
Myril Conda