ENDANGERED

SPECIES.
By: Nirva Shah
Table of contents

Critically
Endangered Vulnerable Least Concern
endangered
 CRITICALLY
ENDANGERED.
Definition: A species considered to be confronting an immensely massive exposure
to extinction.
Sumatran Elephant.
(Elephas maximus sumatranus)

◦ Location – Sumatra, Indonesia.

◦ Habitat – Lowland Forests.
◦ Food sources – Fruit, grass, and leaves.
◦ Lifespan – 10 to 15 years.
◦ Breeding – May breed during the rainy season.
◦ Social structures - Females travel in groups and look after one another, whereas males live alone.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered – Habitat loss and deforestation.
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones – Stopping poaching and trade.
Hawksbill Turtle.
(Eretmochelys imbricata)

◦ Location - western Atlantic (Caribbean), Indian, and Indo-Pacific oceans.

◦ Habitat - Oceans
◦ Food sources – they eat sea sponges, marine algae, corals, mollusks, tunicates, crustaceans, sea urchins,
small fish, and jellyfish.
◦ Lifespan – 50 – 60 years.
◦ Breeding – Like other sea turtles, spend the majority of their lives alone, meeting only to mate.
◦ Social structures – They usually live their lives solitarily.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered - Due to coastal development, rising seas from climate change, and
pollution, nesting habitat, and coral reefs are being lost.
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones. - Sea turtle protection on nesting beaches and in marine
environments.
Javan Rhino.
(Rhinoceros sondaicus)

◦ Location – Java, Indonesia.

◦ Habitat - Forests
◦ Food sources - leaves, small branches, sprouts, and fallen fruit.
◦ Lifespan – 30 to 40 years.
◦ Breeding - Occurs roughly from July to November.
◦ Social structures – Mostly solitary.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered - Poaching
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones. – Anti-poaching teams
 ENDANGERED
Definition: (of a species) gravely in danger of going extinct.
Blue Whale.
(Balaenoptera musculus)

◦ Location – All oceans except for the Arctic Ocean.

◦ Habitat – Oceans.
◦ Food sources – Krill (tiny shrimp-like fishes).
◦ Lifespan – 80 – 90 years.
◦ Breeding – When female blue whales come to the age of breeding (5 – 15 years), they can give birth
every two to three years.
◦ Social structures – Mostly solitary, can be found in small groups.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered – Commercial whaling activities worldwide.
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones – Reduced risks of entanglement, created whale-safe
shipping practices and reduced ocean noise.
African Savanna Elephant.
(Loxodonta africana africana)

◦ Location – Southern and Eastern African countries such as Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, etc.
◦ Habitat – Wooded and open savannas, forests, deserts.
◦ Food sources – Plants, fruits, and grass.
◦ Lifespan – 60 – 70 years.
◦ Breeding – Starts between ages 8 – 12 years, breeding occurs all year round, and reproduction of species
happens every 3 – 9 years.
◦ Social structures – Clans, often led by female elephants.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered – Poaching, approximately 55 elephants illegally killed.
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones. – Prevent illegal killing of species and protection of
elephant habitats.
Indus River Dolphin.
(Platanista minor)

◦ Location – Found in India and Pakistan.

◦ Habitat - Rivers
◦ Food sources – Fishes, clams, and shrimp.
◦ Lifespan – Approximately 30 years.
◦ Breeding – Starts between the age of 6 to 10 years, adults breed throughout the year.
◦ Social structures – Usually solitary or in pairs, but can be found in groups.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered – Entanglement, noise pollution, habitat degeneration, and chemical
pollutants.
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones – Created rescue teams to protect the species.
 VULNERABLE
Definition: exposed to the potential for damage or attack, either physically or
psychologically.
Snow Leopard.
(Ursus maritimus)

◦ Location – Across 12 Asian countries such as India, Nepal, Russia, etc.

◦ Habitat – Mountainous terrain and plateaus.
◦ Food sources – Blue sheep, hares, rodents, marmot, ibex, Himalayan tahr, pika, and birds.
◦ Lifespan – 10 to 13 years.
◦ Breeding – Breeding season occurs between January and mid-March.
◦ Social structures – Snow leopards tend to live solitarily.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered – Poaching, habitat loss, and human-wildlife conflict.
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones – Created protection and rescue teams to help these
species.
Polar Bear
(Ursus maritimus)

◦ Location – Arctic Circle and the North Pole.

◦ Habitat – Arctic water and islands.
◦ Food sources – Different species of seals. Also, for bigger prey, walruses and narwhals are usually
hunted.
◦ Lifespan – 20 to 30 years.
◦ Breeding – Males start to breed at about eight to ten years of age. Females reach breeding maturity at
four to six years of age.
◦ Social structures – Polar bears mostly live solitarily but live in groups with their families during the
breeding season to be with their cubs.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered – Loss of habitat and climate change.
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones – Reducing use of energy to protect the ice habitat.
Tiger
(Panthera tigris)

◦ Location – Most of the tigers are located in Asia. Some countries such as India hold more than 70% of
the tiger population.
◦ Habitat – Rain forests, grasslands, and savannas.
◦ Food sources - Tigers hunt deer mainly, but as self-serving predators, they can also ingest wild boars,
birds, fish, rodents, amphibians, reptiles, and even insects.
◦ Lifespan – 10 to 15 years.
◦ Breeding – Tigers give birth to 2 to 4 cubs every two years. Tigers are independent by the age of 2 years.
◦ Social structures – Mothers live with their cubs in groups, but usually tigers live solitarily.
◦ Reasons why they are endangered – Habitat loss, degradation, and human-animal conflict.
◦ Conservation efforts, especially successful ones – According to WWF, we need to protect forests and
grassland habitats across their locations.
 LEAST CONCERN
Definition: the specific species is still abundant in the wild, it is not a focus of
species conservation.
Arctic Wolf
(Canis lupus arctos)

◦ Location – Arctic regions of North America and Greenland.

◦ Habitat – Arctic regions.
◦ Food sources – Seals, Arctic hares, musk-oxen, and caribou.
◦ Lifespan – In wildlife, about 7 years, and in captivity over 17 years.
◦ Breeding – Breeding occurs mostly during March or April.
◦ Social structure – Arctic wolves live in family packs for protection.
◦ Reasons why it is NOT being endangered – Because arctic wolves live on isolated islands, they are not in
any way attacked.
◦ Conservation efforts – Trying to prevent global warming from happening.
Narwhal
(Monodon monoceros)

◦ Location – Arctic waters near Canada, Greenland, Russia, and Norway.

◦ Habitat – Cold waters.
◦ Food sources – Cod, squid, and shrimp.
◦ Lifespan – At least 25 years but can live up to 50 years.
◦ Breeding – Narwhals reach their breeding maturity between 6-9 years. The breeding period usually starts in
early spring (March to April). They breed almost every third year.
◦ Social structure – Mostly found in pods of 2 to 10 narwhals but can be found in groups of hundreds and
thousands.
◦ Reasons why it is NOT being endangered – Population growth increased drastically and thus was declared as
“least concern”.
◦ Conservation efforts – Organizations have initiated the Marine Mammal Protection Act. NOAA and other
fisheries are working to conserve and help these species.
Bowhead Whale
(Balaena mysticetus)

◦ Location – Near North America and Greenland in the waters of the arctic ocean and pacific ocean.
◦ Habitat – Arctic and subarctic waters.
◦ Food sources – Krill and copepods.
◦ Lifespan – Approximately 200 years.
◦ Breeding – Breeding has been observed all year round, but some think that it occurs during the spring
season.
◦ Social structure – Mostly live solitarily but can be found in groups.
◦ Reasons why it is NOT being endangered – Population growth.
◦ Conservation efforts – Reducing noise pollution, minimizing threats towards this species, and protecting
its habitat.
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