20XX

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA’S FIRST

VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD
 20XX

ANTONIO
PIGAFETTA

• A member of Magellan Expedition

• A famous traveler born in Vicenza around 1490 and
died in the same city in 1534
• Known by the name of Antonio Lombrado or
Francisco Antonio Pigafetta
• Pigafetta’s account was written by an eyewitness of
the events related therein.

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 FERDINAND
MAGELLAN
• Portuguese navigator born in Portugal in 1480.
In 1517, he went Spain to see the teenage
Spanish King.
• He was born in Sabrosa Portugal, February 4,
1480
• died April 27, 1521 at Mactan Cebu, Philippines
• He gain support for the First Voyage around the
world.
• Magellan approached King Manuel of Portugal
to seek support but refused him repeatedly.
• He renounces portuguese and relocated in Spain
• King Charles I supported Magellan Expedition

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 20XX

WHAT WAS THEIR MOTIVATION?

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 SPICE ISLANDS
• The Spice Islands (Malaku, or the Moluccas) are a small group of islands to
the north-east of Indonesia, between Celebes and New Guinea. They
include Halmahera (the largest), Seram, Buru, Ambon, Ternate, and Tidore
and the Aru and Kai island groups.
• Considered as the heart of Indonesia
• It have different spices like nutmeg, mace, clove silk and other goods from
China and India things not found in Europe alternative trade route silk road
• Silk road-is an ancient network of trade routes formally established during
Han Dynasty of China. The European explorer Marco Polo traveled on these
routes and describes them in depth in his famous work.

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 TREATY OF TORDESILLAS
1494 Treaty of Tordesillas that wanted to divide Portugal and Spain

Treaty of Tordesillas- Spain and Portugal divided the New World by

drawing a line in the Atlantic Ocean, about 370 degrees leagues west
of the Cape Verde Islands, then controlled by Portugal. All land east
of that line were claimed by Portugal, all land west of that line were
claimed by Spain.

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Presentation Title 7
 20XX

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 THE FIVE SHIPS THAT THEY USED IN
NAVIGATION

NAME OF THE SHIP CAPTAIN

1. Trinidad Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese)
Captain General of Trinidad
2. San Antonio Juan de Cartageña (Spanish) Captain of
San Antonio
3. Concepcion Gaspar de Quesada (Spanish) Captain
of Concepcion
4. Victoria Luiz Mendoza (Spanish) Captain of
Victoria
5. Santiago
Joao Serrao (Portuguese) Captain of
Santiago

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DEPARTURE OF THE
EXPEDITION
DISCOVERY OF THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN
 SUMMARY
• On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain in an effort to find a western sea route to the rich
Spice Islands of Indonesia.
• At the end of March 1520, the expedition set up winter quarters at Port St. Julian. On Easter day at
midnight, the Spanish captains mutinied against their Portuguese captain, but Magellan crushed the
revolt, executing one of the captains and leaving another ashore when his ship left St. Julian in August.
• On October 21, he finally discovered the strait he had been seeking. The Strait of Magellan, as it
became known, is located near the tip of South America, separating Tierra del Fuego and the
continental mainland.
• Only three ships entered the passage; one had been wrecked and another deserted. It took 38 days to
navigate the treacherous strait, and when ocean was sighted at the other end Magellan wept with joy.
• Magellan was a staunch Christian evangelist—and this may have cost him his life.

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 THE ARRIVAL IN THE PHILIPPINES
• March16, 1521 when Magellan discovered the Philippines.
• Magellan landed in Cebu City and met Rajah Humabon.
• On March 31, 1521, the first mass in Limasawa was celebrated where 800 were
baptized to form the first Catholic community.
• Sto. Niño de Cebu became the oldest Christian artifact in the Philippines as a gift
from Magellan to Rajah Humabon on account of their baptism.
• Magellan killed by Lapu-Lapu.
• The Philippine archipelago was named after King Philip II.

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 THE FIRST BAPTISM
By Fernando Amorsolo circa 1949

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 THE BATTLE OF MACTAN

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 THE 20XX

IMPORTANCE
OF THE
EXPEDITION
Slide Subtitle
or Picture
Caption

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 Insofar as Filipinos were concerned, Magellan’s
expedition was significant because it led to other
Spanish expeditions to the Philippines. These
expeditions, especially that of Legazpi’s led to the
Spanish colonization of the Philippines and with this,
contacts between Europeans and Filipinos were
established.

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 VILLALOBOS EXPEDITION
• Ruy Lopez de Villalobos left Mexico on
November 1, 1542. Crossed the vast
Pacific and reached Mindanao.
• Villalobos ordered his men to plant corn
but it failed.
• Villalobos named islands the Samar and
Leyte “Felipinas” in honor with Prince
Philip of Spain
• Villalobos sailed for the Moluccas where
they captured by Portuguese.

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 LEGAZPI EXPEDITION
• In 1556, King Philip emphasized that the
expedition should not enter territories belong to
Portugal.
• The King chose Father Andres de Urdaneta as
pilot of the new expedition.
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi was appointed head of
the expedition.
• four ships sailed with 380 men, they sailed from
port of Navidad in Mexico on November 21, 1564.

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 LEGAZPI EXPEDITION
• The expedition reached Cebu in
February 1565.
• Blood compact- was an ancient
ritual in the Philippines
intended to seal a friendshippp
or treaty, or to validate an
agreement.

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 DISCOVERY OF A NEW
ROUTE

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THE SETTLEMENT IN
CEBU
FIRST SETTLEMENT IN CEBU
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• Legazpi and his men entered in Cebu harbor on April 27.

• Tupas- Cebuano Chieftain.
• Infant Jesus or Sto. Niño de Cebu- Magellan gave to Juana Rajah
Humabon’s wife. 40 years later.
• Policy of attraction- Strategy applied by Legazpi to the Cebuanos
 They entered into an agreement
1. The Filipinos promised to be loyal to the King of Spain and to the
Spaniards;
2. The Filipinos promised to help the Spaniards in any battle against the
enemy; and in returned, Spaniards protect the Filipinos from all enemies;
3. A Filipino who had committed a crime against the Spaniards should be
turned over to the Spanish authorities, a Spaniard who had committed a
crime against Filipinos should be turned over to the Spanish Chieftain;
4. Goods to be sold in a moderate price;
5. An armed Filipino would not be allowed to enter Spanish settlement.

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 • San Miguel- Spanish
settlement
• Fort San Pedro-fort
constructed by the Spanish
under the command of
Miguel lopez de Legazpi

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THE SETTLEMENT IN
PANAY
 THE SETTLEMENT IN PANAY
• Legazpi was beset by the problems in Cebu.
• 1569- sailed for Panay
• Gonzalo de Peirera- Portuguese captain who harassed Legazpi.
• The Evangelization of the Philippines. (Spanish Missionaries, the
Augustinian friars)-converted some natives to Christianity.

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THE FIRST SPANISH
VOYAGE TO MANILA
 THE FIRST VOYAGE IN MANILA
• JUAN DE SALCEDO-Legazpi’s
younger grandson, led small
expedition to the north/ he
discovered the Manila
• Manila- prosperous muslim
kingdom ruled by Rajah
Sulayman/Soliman

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 THE FOUNDING OF MANILA
• FIRST GOVERNOR GENERAL OF THE PHILIPPINES- Miguel
lopez de Legazpi
• Battle of bangkusay-Rajah Sulayman and his people fought the
Spaniards. They were defeated the Legazpi took over Manila in 1571.
• June 24, 1571- Legazpi made Manila as the Capital of the Philippines.
• “Distinguished and Ever Loyal City”- Manila
• He appointed: 2 alcaldes; alguacil mayor; 12 regidores; one escribano

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THE
PHILIPPINE
UNDER
SPANISH RULE
POLITICAL CHANGES
 THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
• Law of Indies
• Spanish organized highly centralized form of government.
• Two branches of the government: Executive and judiciary
• No legislature
• Governor-general-president or presiding officer of the Audiencia

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 AUDIENCIA
• Judicial power of the government were exercised by the Audiencia
and the lower courts.
• It was established in the Philippines in 1583 to administer justice to
the aggrieved people in the colony.
• Governor Santiago de Vera-1st president
• Highest court
• Abolished in 1589

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 LOCAL GOVERNMENT
• Alcalde Mayor-Provincial governor
• Abolished in 1844 because of graft and corruption.
• Gobernadorcillo- headed the provincial government
• The gobernadorcillo was elected by thirteen electors who were
prominent in town.
• Spanish friar- the one who approved the selected gobernadorcillo

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 THE CITY AND ITS GOVERNMENT
• 1ST Century of Spanish Rule- two cities: Cebu and Manila
• 17th Century : 6 cities : Cebu, Manila, Vigan, Nueva Segovia (now
Cagayan), Arevalo (Iloilo), Nueva Caceres (Naga)
• Ayuntamiento-Today’s cityhall consist of 2 alcaldes. 12 regidores,
chief of police, secretary, and few lesser officials.
• Cabeza-head of barrio

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 PROPAGATING CATHOLIC FAITH
• 1565- Augustinian Friar
• The King decided that the entire Philippines was converted to
Catholic faith.
• 1577-Franciscan Missionaries Arrived
• 1581-Jesuits arrived in the Philippines
• 1587-Dominican Missionaries

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THE UNION OF CHURCH
AND STATE
INTRODUCTION OF
PRINTING
 • XYLOGRAPHY- First printing press in the Philippines
• Doctrina Cristiana- First books printed by this method were the
Christian doctrine in Tagalog and in Chinese.
• Typography-movable type of printing.
• 1606- Franciscan friars put up printing press in Tayabas
• Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala by Father Domingo delos Santos-
printed in 1703 in Tayabas

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ECONOMIC CHANGES
 THE ENCOMIENDA
• Spanish labour system that rewarded conqueror with the labor
conquered non-Christian people
• Encomiendero- the man who receives the favor
• 3 kinds of encomienda:
1. The Royal Encomienda
2. Ecclesiastical encomienda
3. Private encomienda

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 FORCE LABOR
• POLO Y SERVICIO
1. that the Filipinos to be drafted for work must be paid for work;
2. that the Filipino laborers should not be made to work in distant places where
they could not return to their families;
3. that the drafting of laborers should not coincide with the planting and harvest
seasons;
4. men’s who are not incapable should not be overworked;
5. that forced labor should be resorted to only in cases of absolute necessity;
6. that the number of laborers drafted should be diminished as soon as laborers from
other countries had volunteered.

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 THE TRIBUTE
 Filipinos were compelled to pay a tribute in cash or in kind, in full or
installment basis to the Spanish government.
 Sanctorum- a small portion of tribute went to church.
 1884- it was abolished and the cedula was introduced.

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 TAXES
 Diezmos prediales- a tax which consisted of one-tenth of the produce
land.
 Donativo de Zamboanga- introduced in 1635, a tax which specifically
used for the conquest of Jolo.
 Vinta- a tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast of
western Luzon for the defense of the coasts from Muslim pirates.

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THE GALLEON TRADE
 THE GALLEON TRADE
 Manila became the leading commercial center in the region.
 Became the longest shipping of its time.
 Galleon trade was so restrictive that the prosperity of the Spaniards in Manila
depended on the success of the voyage to and from Mexico.
 It carry silver, gold, spices, silk and objects that were fashionable between 1565- 1815.
 19th century when the commercial liberty was adopted as a European policy, The
Monopolistic galleon trade was declines.
 1811- last Galleon Trade from Manila sailed for Acapulco, Mexico and the
government monopoly galleon trade came to an end.

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THE ECONOMIC
SOCIETY
 THE ECONOMIC SOCIETY
 1781-Governor Basco de Gama founded the Economic Society of Friends of the
Country.
 The society was divided into sections:
1. factories and manufacturers
2. industry and popular into sections
3. natural history
4. domestic and foreign commerce
5. agricultural and rural economy
 1784- The Society was able to export indigo to Europe for the first time in Philippine
History.

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 THE TOBACCO MONOPOLY
 This monopoly led to the development of agriculture in provinces where
tobacco was grown like the Ilocos, Nueva Ecija, Cagayan Valley, and
Marinduque.
 The farmers were not paid the value of tobacco crop.
 They could not afford to buy a cigar manufactured because of the steep
price of the government.
 1881- King ordered it to abolished
 1882- Tobacco monopoly was abolished in the Philippines.
 The population of the tobacco decreased and lead to the neglect of
agriculture.

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 THE ROYAL COMPANY
 Governor Basco administration was also highlighted by the establishment of the Royal Company of the
Philippines.
 The company had capital of 8,000 pesos.
 The aims of the company were to promote progress of the Philippines by improving the foreign trade of
the colony with Spain and to develop the natural resources of the Philippines by encouraging industry,
manufacturing and agriculture.
 Products were exempted in tariff duties.
 In Spite of the incentives, company failed:
1. The Spanish merchants did not cooperate wholeheartedly;
2. The Company was not able to establish direct commercial contact with
Japan, China and India;
3. The company was not well-managed;
4. Instead of company vessels,foreign vessels was brought to Manila

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 SHARING OF AN
OVERVIEW/REACTION/
REALIZATION

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 QUESTION?

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 THANKYOU FOR
LISTENING…

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