INFORMATION

AND
COMMUNICATIO
N TECHNOLOGY
(ICT)
 INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
(ICT)
Collectively refers to the technologies,
both hardware and software, that enable
humans to communicate with one another.
It is a common misconception that ICT is
Internet or computer alone, Basically, it is
any form of technology that enables you to
communicate.
 EVOLUTION OF ICT
There are four main periods
in history that divide the era of ICT.
Pre Electro
mechanical mechanical

Mechanical Electronic
 The Pre mechanical Period

The pre mechanical period

can be traced back thousands
of years ago, around 3000 BCE
to 1450 CE. During this time,
humans started communicating
with one another using words
and pictograms curved in rocks.
The Pre mechanical Period
 The Pre mechanical Period

Then they started to write

symbols as substitutes for pictures
to depict ideas.

When paper was finally

produced from papyrus plant,
storing of information was
revolutionized.
The Pre mechanical Period

PAPYRUS PLANT
 The Pre mechanical Period
Humans continued to write information
that can be organized in some manner and
kept as a permanent record. They compiled
these records written on pieces of paper and
bound them together, eventually giving birth
to books.
As these books grew in number, they
needed to compiled and stored in areas,
libraries were created. Libraries were
considered the first data centers in history
Consider the most popular device created in this
period is said to have come from China.

ABACU
S
 The abacus is manually
operated device similar to
the modern calculator. This
was considered as the first
device to process
information.
 The Mechanical Period

This period served as the bridge

between our current period and the
premechanical period. This period
started around 1450 – 1840. During this
time, the interest in automating and
speeding up numerical calculations
grew. The machines driven by
mechanical means such as steam and
gears dominated information
processing and calculation.
 Pascaline
In 1642, Blaise Pascal invented an adding device called
Pascaline. This device adopted partly the principles of
abacus.
However, instead of the beads, wheels were used to
move its counters. This device was used for addition
and subtraction.

Blaise Pascal
Leibniz’s machine
In 1673, Gottfried
Leibniz made some
improvements on
Pascal’s machine and
built a device that could
add, subtract, multiply
and divide numbers.

Gottfried Leibniz
Analytical engine
In the early 1837s,
Analytical Engine,
considered to be the
first programmable
mechanical computer

Charles Babbage
“Father of the Computers”
Analytical engine
In the early 1837s,
Analytical Engine,
contained features such as
arithmetic logic unit,
control flow and integrated
memory. These features
would then become part of
the blueprint in the
creation of succeeding
computers, especially
during the first half of the
20th century.
 The Electromechanical Period

This period started around 1840

- 1940. in this period, the use of
electricity for information handling
and transfer bloomed. The need
and the urgency to share
information with one another in a
faster yet reliable manner over long
distances aroused.
 The Electromechanical Period

This period saw the use of the

telegraph to transmit information
over long distances. The
information is coded in sounds of
dots, spaces and dashes over
wired. (eventually wireless)media.
The Electromechanical Period
 The Electromechanical Period

The telegraph is considered

the first electrical communication
device. It was the first device to
use electricity to transmit
information over electrical media.
 The Electromechanical Period

first invented in 1837 by

William Cooke and Sir Charles
Wheatstone, the first working
model used five magnetic needles
that could be pointed around sets
of letters and numbers by using
electric current.
The Electromechanical Period

Telephone
 The Electromechanical Period

In 1876,
Alexander
Graham Bell
was granted
the patent for
the telephone.
 The Electromechanical Period

The Telephone converts

sounds into electricity and
enables the telephone network to
transmit it over copper wires.
 The Electronic Period

The last period in ICT history

is electronic period. It started in
1940’s and continues to the
present.
 The Electronic Period

The four main event found in

this period are the late vacuum
tubes period, the transistor
period, the integrated circuits
period and the computer
processors period.
 The Electronic Period

The latter period of vacuum

tube machines is the part of the
electronic period. The dawn of
ENIAC.
 The Electronic Period

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer.

 The Electronic Period
(ENIAC), the first electronic
and general purpose computer,
marked a revolutionary period in
computing. ENIAC was a big
machine that occupied an area of
167 square meters. Aside from its
big size, its processing speed was
slower than those of machines
used today
 The Electronic Period
In 1947, the transistor was
invented. It is an electronic device
with properties and functions
similar to vacuum tubes, but it is
lightweight and faster.
The transistor is the
foundation of every electronic
device today.
 The Electronic Period

The transistor (left) may be one third of the

total size of the vacuum tube (right) but it transmits
information more efficiently.
The Electronic Period
 The Electronic Period
An American electrical engineer
named Jack Kilby was credited for
introducing the integrated circuit (IC) in
1958.
The integrated circuit (IC) is a
device that is composed of a group of
transistors and circuit element
compressed in a single package.
 The Electronic Period
The IC revolutionized the use of
computers and electronic devices
because circuits are integrated in a chip
or a single package, limiting the
distances between components,
resulting in a faster operating speed.
Because of this, a number of smaller
devices intended for information
processing and communication were
developed.
The Electronic Period

Integrated Circuit
 The Electronic Period
The advent and development of
integrated circuits ushered in the period
of powerful processors.
ICs are used in processing devices,
and processors are constructed in IC.

Personal computers then

used these processors to deliver
user applications.
The Electronic Period

Processor / CPU
The Electronic Period

Latest processor
Additional Knowledge !

MOUSE
Additional Knowledge !

DOUGLAS ENGELBART
 Additional Knowledge !

Manually Operated
Utility used for Selecting
Equipment