AUTOMATIC IOT BASED PLANT

MONITORING AND WATERING SYSTEM

USING RASPBERRY PI

Presented by
Guided by
S.Abinaya (950416105001)
R.Nagarajan ME
R.Anusiya (950416105501)
Assist Professor ,
A.Bhuvaneswari (950416105005)
Final EEE
EEE
DR G U pope college of
Engineering
ABSTRACT

 In India approximately 60% of citizens are depending on agriculture, annual income of

citizens obtains from agriculture. In today’s digital world many farmers are still using
traditional methods in their field so; yield of plants is very less.
 Applying novel technology in the field will solve main issues in agriculture. IoT is one

among the fastest growing technologies.

 The IoT concept is applicable to all fields like automation, industry, electrical, electronics,

health care, tracking systems etc.

 In case of plant growth automation is necessary to monitor several environmental conditions.

 The Proposed system is based on monitoring and watering system for agriculture field based

on Internet of Things which help the farmers to apply new modern methods, can increase
their income with less manual work.
 Now a day’s traditional agriculture is changing to a modern agriculture. Currently many

agriculture applications are existed which became a business. Improvements in agriculture

contribute to the national economic growth.
Continue
 The main objective of this proposed work is to develop an Embedded System for plant

monitoring and watering system using Internet of Things, Raspberry Pi as Processor, and
sensors for sensing environmental conditions. In this work, IoT concept is introduced to
connect devices through Internet and facilitate information access by the users.
 The system can obtain accurate perception of Environmental information in agriculture

field and then transmit the same to users.

 The system monitors different parameters like Temperature, Humidity, Soil Moisture and

Intensity of light.
 IR sensor is fixed to check any external object entry into the field, in case of intruder

detection buzzer will turn on for few seconds.

 The Motor fixed in the field operates both manually and automatically depending upon

Moisture sensor results in soil.

 Motor automatically switches between on and off stage of pumping action. Results are

observed either in web app and monitor.

EXISTING SYSTEM

 In existing system some concept was developed towards the helping to farmer and

increases their productivity.

 In that system agriculture field was monitor by using sensor and if it goes abnormal

it’s send the massaged indication to the user.

 In there also manual operation is performed and not helpful for the farmer too much.

 This system is not easily maintained by farmer, spending most of the time to

maintain their crop and production.

DISADVANTAGES
 Time taken

 Difficult to maintain

 Not much helpful

 Manual work
PROPOSED SYSTEM
 The Proposed system is based on monitoring and watering system for agriculture field

based on Internet of Things which help the farmers to apply new modern methods, can
increase their income with less manual work.
 Now a day’s traditional agriculture is changing to a modern agriculture. Currently

many agriculture applications are existed which became a business. Improvements in

agriculture contribute to the national economic growth.
 Automatic system can apply to all kinds of agriculture field. Internet of Things is a

connection of physical things to operate devices with the help of Internet.

 IoT is the network connection of many electronic things. It enables to access any

information with the help of electronic components.

 The proposed system mainly works on connecting Internet to main system in plant

field, smart phones to check the result.

 The internet connected to device via smart phone which is acts as Wi-Fi to monitor

and other devices to see results.

COUNTINUE
 Soil moisture sensor to detect the water containing in the soil, if it is less then water

motor will on.

 IR sensor is used for detect the intruder if it is detected buzzer will on. Here we

connect the IR sensor with switch, when switch activated by manually then only IR
sensor activated.
 Temperature sensor is used for to detect the respective environment condition; if it

is abnormal then water sprayer motor will on in farm area.

COUNTINUE
 Here we are Raspberry pi 3 B+ module which is hurt of our project where the entire

component is connected.
 Server based web application is developed. Application has two part script & programming

and coding. Application shows same result as monitored by sensors with the help of http
protocol.
 Hyper text mark up language is used to code application. The backend language is java

script. Results observed when login done with IP address in application. Along with results
in web application monitor also continuously displaying result until system shut down.
 For monitor direct connection with board in case of laptop putty software has to be

installed. More in speed of internet makes results observation within a fraction of seconds.
Code mounted for server in flash method. Main aim of this work is to develop monitoring
and watering system of agriculture to solve problems faced by farmers in India.
ADVANTAGES
 Less time taken

 Manually work is reduced

 Easy to operate

 Less expensive
BLOCK DIAGRAM – HARDWARE UNIT
BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION
 RASPBERRY PI

 The latest Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ has a faster 64-bit 1.4GHz quad core processor, 1GB of

RAM, faster dual-band 802.11 b/g/n/ac wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2, and significantly faster
300Mbit/s Ethernet.

 1.4GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 CPU (BCM2837)

 1GB RAM (LPDDR2 SDRAM)

 On-board wireless LAN - dual-band 802.11 b/g/n/ac (CYW43455)

 On-board Bluetooth 4.2 HS low-energy (BLE) (CYW43455)

 4 x USB 2.0 ports

 300Mbit/s ethernet

 40 GPIO pins

 Full size HDMI 1.3a port

 Combined 3.5mm analog audio and composite video jack

CONTINUE

 Camera interface (CSI)

 Display interface (DSI)

 microSD slot

 VideoCore IV multimedia/3D graphics core @ 400MHz/300MHz

 With the ARMv8 processor it can run the full range of ARM GNU/Linux distributions,

including Snappy Ubuntu Core, as well as Microsoft Windows 10 IoT edition.

 You will need the latest NOOBS image (2.7+) for the Wireless LAN and Bluetooth

drivers to be installed.
PIN DIAGRAM
SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR
 Supplying water to the plants is also essential to change the temperature of the plants. The

temperature of the plant can be changed with water using the method like transpiration.
And plant root systems are also developed better when rising within moist soil. Extreme
soil moisture levels can guide to anaerobic situations that can encourage the plant’s
growth as well as soil pathogens
 The microwave emission which is reflected can be influenced by the moisture of soil as

well as mainly used in agriculture and remote sensing within hydrology.

 The required voltage for working is 5V

 The required current for working is <20mA

 Type of interface is analog

 The required working temperature of this sensor is 10°C~30°C

TEMPERATURE SENSOR
 Minimum and Maximum Input Voltage is 35V and -2V respectively. Typically 5V.

 Can measure temperature ranging from -55°C to 150°C

 Output voltage is directly proportional (Linear) to temperature (i.e.) there will be a rise of

10mV (0.01V) for every 1°C rise in temperature.

 ±0.5°C Accuracy

 Drain current is less than 60uA

 Low cost temperature sensor

 Small and hence suitable for remote applications

 Available in TO-92, TO-220, TO-CAN and SOIC package

 If the temperature is 0°C, then the output voltage will also be 0V. There will be rise of

0.01V (10mV) for every degree Celsius rise in temperature.

IR SENSOR
 Infrared sensors can be passive or active. Passive infrared sensors are basically Infrared

detectors. Passive infrared sensors do not use any infrared source and detects energy emitted
by obstacles in the field of view.
 They are of two types: quantum and thermal. Thermal infrared sensors use infrared energy

as the source of heat and are independent of wavelength. Thermocouples, pyroelectric

detectors and bolometers are the common types of thermal infrared detectors.
 Infrared Transmitter is a light emitting diode (LED) which emits infrared radiations. Hence,

they are called IR LED’s. Even though an IR LED looks like a normal LED, the radiation
emitted by it is invisible to the human eye.
 When operated at a supply of 5V, the IR transmitter consumes about 3 to 5 mA of current.

Infrared transmitters can be modulated to produce a particular frequency of infrared light.

The most commonly used modulation is OOK (ON – OFF – KEYING) modulation.
MCP3008
 The MCP3008 device is a successive approximation 10-bit analogue-to-digital converter

with on-board sample and hold circuitry. It is programmable to provide four pseudo-
differential input pairs or eight single-ended inputs. Differential Nonlinearity (DNL) and
Integral Nonlinearity (INL) are specified at ±1 LSB. Communication with the devices is
accomplished using a simple serial interface compatible with the SPI protocol.
 8-Channel 10-bit ADC IC

 Communication protocol: Serial SPI interface

 Operating voltage 2.7V to 5V

 ADC method: Successive Approximation (SAR)

 Sampling Rate: 200ksps and 75ksps for 5V and 2.7V resp.

 Available in 16-pin PDIP, and SOIC packages

RELAY
 The main usage of the Relay was seen in the history for transmitting and receiving the

information, that was called as Morse code where the input signals used to be either 1 or 0,
these change in signals were mechanically noted in terms of ON and OFF of a light bulb or
a beep sound, it means those pulses of 1s and 0s are converted as mechanical ON and OFF
using electromagnets.
 The main operation of this device is to make or break contact with the help of a signal

without any human involvement in order to switch it ON or OFF.

 An electromechanical relay is basically designed using few mechanical parts like

Electromagnet, a movable armature, contacts, yoke, and a spring/frame/stand, these parts

are showing in the internal pictures of Relay below.
 The relay also has two pins namely normally closed and normally opened (NC and

NO), the normally closed pin is connected to the armature or the common terminal
whereas the normally opened pin is left free (when the coil is not energized).
WATER SPRAYER MOTOR
 Pressure switch control to run the pump as needed

 Thermoplastic construction for higher corrosion resistance

 Can be used as a portable sprinkler pump

 Ideal for boosting pressure to wash cars, boats and farm equipment

 A variety of home applications including water purification and cleaning

 Keep your yard and pool looking beautiful with our water transfer pumps

 High pressure pumps used in sprayers and spray fixtures for high plants
BUZZER
 Rated Voltage: 6V DC

 Operating Voltage: 4-8V DC

 Rated current: <30mA

 Sound Type: Continuous Beep

 Resonant Frequency: ~2300 Hz

 Small and neat sealed package

 Breadboard and Perf board friendly

 There are two types are buzzers that are commonly available. The one shown here is a

simple buzzer which when powered will make a Continuous Beeeeeeppp.... sound, the
other type is called a readymade buzzer which will look bulkier than this and will produce
a Beep. Beep. Beep. Sound due to the internal oscillating circuit present inside it.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Raspberry pi 3 B+

 SD Card(16GB)

 Display Monitor

 HDMI cable

 Charger(Raspberry pi power)

 Relay

 MCP3008

 Soil Moisture sensor

 Temperature Sensor

 IR sensor

 Switch

 Water motor

 Water sprayer Motor

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Python

 HTML

 CSS
PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Improvement in the agriculture field needs lot of caring and use of digital concepts.

Countries like India though the main source for citizens is agriculture they use an old
traditional method which makes them earn less money, not able to solve family financial
problems. Some of the instruments they can’t fix due to huge amount so, in order to
overcome these problems this system is developed and should be economical to the users.
OBJECTIVE
 To Design prototype for plant monitoring and watering system using Raspberry pi as

processor and Internet of Things technology.

 To develop web based Application for accessing result.

 To develop system for Real Time Application.

RESULT AND ANALYSIS
 The prototype of model is developed, which is kept in garden. The same prototype

can also fit for agricultural applications based on which sensor required. Each
sensor with its unique identity can access changes in the Environment continuously.
REFERENCES
 Gao Junxiang, Du Haiqing, School of science Huazhang agriculture university,

Wuhan 430070,china , school of information and communication engineering Beijing

university of posts and telecommunication, 100876, ..China” Design of green house
surveillance system based on embedded web server technology” procedia engineering
23(2011 374-379).
 Tusher H.Gore, Mayuri p.kote,parameshwari B. varpe, Prof. M.T.Jagtap BE computer

PVG COE Nausik, Maharashtra,HOD computer PVG COE Nausik, Maharashtra

“Crop monitoring.. Analysis and controlling system”, Journal of Advanced research in
computer science and software engineering, volume-6, issue 2, February 2016.
 Zhao Liqiang, yin shouyi, Liu .Leibo, Zhang Zhen, Wei shaojun “A crop monitoring

system based on wireless sensor network” 1878-0296 © 2011 published by

Elsevier .Ltd.