Table of contents

Introduction
01 02 Representation
to sets
on sets

03 Types of sets 04 Subsets

05 Operation 06 Venn Diagrams

on sets
 11th grade

Introduction
to SETS:
A set is a well-defined collection of distinct elements.
Denoted by curly braces {}, and elements are separated by
commas
Representation
on SETS:
• Sets can be represented in various forms, such as the
roster or tabular method, set-builder form and using
Venn diagrams .
 Types of sets:
• Finite Set: A set with a definite number of elements.

• Infinite Set: A set with an infinite number of elements.

• Empty Set (Null Set): A set with no elements, denoted

by ∅ or {}
 Subsets: 4
• If every element of set A is also an element of set B,
then A is a subset of B.

• If every element of set B is also an element of set A,

then A is a superset of B.
 Operation on 5
sets:
Union (A ∪ B): Combines elements from both sets,
excluding duplicates.

• Intersection (A ∩ B): Includes only common elements

between sets A and B.

• Difference (A – B): Includes elements in A but not in B.

• Complement (A’): Includes elements not in set A, within

the universal set.
6 Venn diagrams :
• Diagrams used to represent relationships between
sets visually
 25% 50% 75%

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun and a very and is the second planet actually a cold place. It’s
small object from the Sun full of iron oxide dust
Computer
mockup
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This is a map
Venus
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Mars
Despite being red, Mars is
a very cold planet
 A timeline always works well
Venus is the second planet Despite being red, Mars is
from the Sun a very cold planet

Introduction 2 Geometry 4

1 Trigonometry 3 Polynomials
Mercury is the closest Jupiter is the biggest
planet to the Sun planet of them all
 Essential pre-calculus concept

Functions Trigonometry
Mars is a red planet Venus has a nice name
Pre-calculus
Limits Graphical skill
Mercury is very small Jupiter is a gas giant
 Use tables to represent data

Team A Team B Team C Team D

Mercury 0.06 0.53 0.38 0.38

Mars 0.11 9.4 0.53 0.78

Saturn 95.2 1.16 9.4 1.16

 Percentage values
60%
Financial planning
Mercury is quite a small planet

40%
Investment growth
Venus has very high temperatures

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 Rubric
Category Insufficient Basic Proficient Advanced
Fundamental Fails to demonstrate an Partially Demonstrates a solid Exhibits an
Concepts understanding of basic comprehends some understanding of exceptional
concepts basic concepts with fundamental understanding of
significant errors concepts fundamental
concepts

Equation Solving Unable to solve Solves algebraic Effectively solves Exceptionally solves
trigonometric equations with trigonometric algebraic equations
equations limited success equations

Attitude and Displays a negative Displays a neutral Demonstrates a An exceptionally

Participation attitude towards the attitude participates positive attitude and positive attitude,
subject participates actively participates
constructively
 Multiple choice questions
Question 1: Question 2:
If f(x) = 2x^2 - 3x + 1, what Solve the trigonometric
is the value of f(3)? equation: sin(x) = 0.5
Question 3:
Find the value of the
definite integral ∫(2x^2 +
3x) dx from x = 1 to x = 5

a) 16 a) x = π/6 a) 37
b) 10 b) x = π/4 b) 43
c) 4 c) x = π/3 c) 45
d) 14 d) x = π/2 d) 51
 Short answer questions
Problem: Solution:
If one number is Step 1: Let's call the first number "x" and the second number "y"
5 times greater Step 2: Translate the first part of the problem into an equation: "One number
than another is 5 times greater than another number" translates to X =5y
number, and their Step 3: Translate the second part of the problem into an equation: "The sum
sum is 24, what of both is 24" translates to X+Y=24
are the two Step 4: Now, you have a system of two equations:
numbers? X = 5Y
X + Y = 24
You can solve this system of equations to find the values of x and y
 Group discussion
Pre-Calculus group activity: "problem solving"

Team Problem Problem

formation selection solving

In-class Discussion /
Assessment
presentation feedback
 Practical application
Practical exercise: finding the Intersection point of two lines

Objective: Apply pre-calculus concepts to find the intersection point of two lines on a
cartesian plane

Materials needed:

1 2 3
Colored
Graph paper Ruler
pencils
 Essay
1. Functions in pre-calculus: explore the concept of functions in mathematics and their
importance in pre-calculus

2. Intersection of lines: describe how the points of intersection between two lines are found on a
Cartesian plane

3. Slope of lines: explain the slope of a line, its calculation, and its relevance in pre-calculus

4. Solving systems of equations: discuss how systems of linear equations are solved and their
application in pre-calculus

5. Quadratic functions: explore the characteristics of quadratic functions and their application
in real-world situations
Preparing for advanced mathematic
● Pre-calculus foundation: Pre-
calculus provides a strong
mathematical foundation, ensuring
students are well-prepared for more
advanced courses
● Transition to calculus: It acts as a
bridge to calculus, introducing
fundamental concepts such as
limits, continuity, and functions
● STEM readiness: Pre-calculus is
essential for students planning to
pursue degrees in science,
technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM)
● Career opportunities: Proficiency
in pre-calculus opens doors to
careers in fields like engineering,
data science, and research
 Practical pre-Calculus applications
Solving everyday Pre-calculus aids in budgeting, distance calculations, and economic
problems analysis

Design and Essential for sizing and modeling in important design and engineering
engineering projects

Sciences and data Used in biology, physics, and data science for important evidence-
based decisions

Economics and Key to understanding interest rates and financial analysis

finance:

University Preps for future calculus and science careers

preparation
 Our teachers

Sofia Hill Kaliyah Harris

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