Information Storage And Retrieval

Dr.Ata ur Rahman

Department of library and Information Science . 1

Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
 Information Storage and
Retrieval
UNIT No Topic
1 Introduction to Information storage and Retrieval.
2 Modeling.
3 Retrieval Evaluation.
4 Query Language.
5 Query Operations.
6 Text and Multimedia Language and Properties.
7 Text Operation.
8 Indexing and Searching.
MID-TERM EXAM

Department of library and Information Science 2

Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
 Information Storage And
Retrieval
Unit NO TOPICS
9 Parallel and Distributed IR.

10 User Interfaces and Visualization.

11 Multimedia Media IR: Models and Languages.

12 Multimedia Media IR: Indexing and Searching.
13 Searching on the Web.
14 Vocabulary Control.
15 Libraries and Bibliographical System.

FINAL TERM EXAMINATION

3
 Objectives
• The main objective of Information retrieval is to supply right Information.
• To the hand of right user at a right time. various materials and methods are used for
retrieving desired information.
• The term Information Retrieval first introduced by Calvin Moore's.

Department of library and Information Science 5

Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
 Recommended Books:

Alpiar, Ronald Computer data and storage. London: ULCC SRC, 1976
Jones, Karen Spark Information retrieval experiment, ..
London Butterworth,1981.
Muhmmad Raiz Modern techniques of documents and Information work.. Lahore:
Qadiria Books,1998.

Sharp, Jhon R Information: notes for students .. London :

Andre Deutsch,1970.

Van, Rijsbergen C.J, Information retrieval,.. 2nd .. London

:Butterworth, 1979.
Department of library and Information Science …………………… Sarhad University of Science and
4
Information Technology, Peshawar
 Weekly Teaching Plan
Week No Topics Assignment s /
Quizzes
1 Introduction to Information storage and Retrieval.

2 Modeling.

3 Retrieval Evaluation.

4 Query Language.
5 Query Operations

6 Text and Multimedia Language and Properties

7 Text Operation
8 Indexing and Searching
MID-TERM EXAM

Department of ……………….. 10
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
 Weekly Teaching Plan
Week No Topics Assignments
Quizzes

9 Parallel and Distributed IR.

10 User Interfaces and Visualization

11 Multimedia Media IR: Models and Languages.

12 Multimedia Media IR: Indexing and Searching.

13 Searching on the Web.

14 Vocabulary Control.

15 Libraries and Bibliographical System.

FINAL
11
 CHAPTER NO 11

Multimedia Media IR: Models and Languages.

WEEK 11
Multimedia Information Retrieval
• Unlike alphanumeric data, multimedia data do not have any semantic
structure
• Achieving symmetry between annotation and query is difficult
• Retrieval is based on similarity between query and stored information
instead of exact match
• Stored information is represented using indexing
IR Model
• Information is preprocessed to extract features and semantic contents
• Indexed based on these features and semantics
• User’s query is processed and main features are extracted
• Query’s features are then compared with features or index of each
information item in the database
• Information item whose features are similar to those of the query are
retrieved and presented to the user
Design Issues
• Indexing
• a mechanism that reduces the search space of an operator without losing any
relevant information
• Similarity Computation
• easy to compute and should conform to human judgement
Performance Measures
• Retrieval speed, recall, precision
• Recall measures the ability of retrieving relevant information items
from the database
• defined as the ratio between the number of retrieved relevant items and the total number of
relevant items in the database
• Precision measures retrieval accuracy
• defined as the ratio between the number of retrieved relevant items and the number of total
retrieved items
• Recall and precision are usually considered together
• high recall and low precision
• high precision and low recall
Text Retrieval
• Text may be used to annotate other media such as audio, images and
video and conventional IR techniques used to retrieve multimedia
information
• Boolean IR systems or text-pattern search systems
• Substantial effort is spent in analyzing the contents of the documents
and in generating keywords and indices
• Boolean queries are keywords connected with logical operators (AND,
OR, NOT)
File Structures
• Flat files
• Inverted files
• for each term a separate index is constructed that stores the document identifiers for all
documents containing the term
• each term and the document IDs containing the term are organized into one row
• searching and retrieval is fast because only rows containing the query terms need to be
retrieved and there is no need to search the whole database
Extensions
• Nearness parameters used in query specification help define the topic
more precisely and therefore increase probable relevance of the
retrieved item
• Within Sentence and Adjacency specification in queries
• Term location information is included in the inverted file
• Term i : document id, paragraph no., sentence no., word no.
• For example, if an inverted file has the following entries:
information: R99, 10, 8, 3; R155, 15, 3, 6; R166, 2, 3,1
retrieval: R77, 9, 7, 2; R99, 10, 8, 4; R166, 10, 2, 5
Indexing
• Stop words -- grammatical functional words, such as “of,” “the,” and
“a.”
• Stemming -- reducing words to a common root form
• Thesaurus -- list of synonyms
• Weighting -- term significance derived from occurrence frequency
within a document and among different documents
Relevance Feedback
• Query modification
• terms occurring in documents previously identified as relevant are added to the original
query or the weight of such terms is increased
• terms occurring in documents previously identified as irrelevant are deleted from the query
or the weight of such terms is reduced
• Document modification
• terms in the query, but not in the user-judged relevant documents, are added to the
document index list with an initial weight
• weights of index terms in the query and also in relevant documents are increased by a
certain amount
• weights of index terms not in the query but in the relevant documents are decreased by a
certain amount
Audio Search and Retrieval
• Keywords can be highly subjective because of a different perspective
or even a different taxonomy
• Hard to browse directly since it must be heard in real-time (unlike
video which can be keyframed)
• Two categories : Speech and Non-speech
• with speech, indexing and retrieval is based on obtaining spoken words either manually or by
speech recognition technique
• with non-speech, indexing and retrieval may be based on text annotation (but will it help a
query like “find the first occurrence of the note G-sharp.”)
Any Question