Module 2 Foundations in

chemistry
Module 2.1: Atoms and
reactions
2.1.3 – Amount of substance
Moles and volumes
Retrieval Practice
 AoS Booklet Task 14 questions 1-6
Learning Objectives
You:
1. Must be able to demonstrate and apply
knowledge and understanding of
calculations, using amount of substance in
mol, involving solution volume and
concentration.
Moles & Solution
Concentration:
 In a solution, the solute dissolves in the

solvent.

 The concentration of a solution tells you

how much solute is dissolved in the solvent.
Moles & Solution
Concentration:
 A solution is expressed as a number of

moles in 1dm3 (1 litre or 1000cm3) of

solvent (usually water).

 Concentration is the number of moles of

specified entities in 1dm3 of solution.

 Square brackets used to denote

concentration [X] (aka molarity).
Moles & Solution

 All ok if we make up 1dm3 solutions.

 Most lab experiments use 100cm3, waste to make up to
1000cm3.
Moles & solution
 Values aren’t always so simple!

 Rearrange to get number of moles, n, at start.

 Usually work in cm3 and can introduce into

formula!
Example
Standard Solutions
 A standard solution has a known
concentration.
 To make up a standard solution, you will

need to weigh out a substance!

1. Consider the volume of solution required.
2. Work out the amount, in mol, of solute
needed; and
3. Convert this amount of solute into a mass,
in g, so that you know how much to weigh
out.
Example
 We need 250cm3 of 0.1 mol dm3 solution of
sodium hydroxide.
Example
 Now we need to convert moles into mass.

 Weigh this out in a beaker.

 Dissolve in distilled water, pour into graduated flask.
 Add more distilled water to wash out solute, repeat.
 Fill graduated flask, so meniscus sits on line,
stopper and invert.
Example
Questions
Answers
Retrieval Practice
 AoS Booklet Task 16 questions 1-3
 Practice questions p.19 textbook.