Renal tuberculosis

Prepared by:
Muhammad Naveed Ali
Muhammad Arif
Aleem Ullah

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Objectives
 At the end of this presentation the students will
be able to:
 Define renal tuberculosis.
 Describe pathophysiology of renal tuberculosis.
 Enlist causes, signs & symptoms of renal
tuberculosis.
 Discuss medical diagnosis and treatment for renal
tuberculosis.
 Make nursing diagnosis and nursing
interventions for renal tuberculosis.
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Renal tuberculosis
 Renal tuberculosis, disease of the kidney
caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 The organism usually spreads from the lungs
to the kidney by the way of bloodstream.
 Also called nephrotuberculosis.
 Tuberculosis develops in the renal cortex or
medulla.
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Pathophysiology
 Once the organism reaches the kidney, it
causes TB of renal cortex or medulla.
 Destruction of tissue occur through out the
kidney, with progressive ulceration in to the
renal pelvis.
 From renal pelvis it can spread to all areas
of urinary tract if untreated it result in
fibrosis and stricture formation.
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Etiology
 Renal tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
 In many cases the infection follows a long latency
period after the initial pulmonary tuberculosis
infection.
 A predominant risk factor for developing renal
tuberculosis is AIDS.
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Signs & symptoms

 Kidney inflammation.
 Pyelonephritis.
 Fever & Chills.
 Shivering.
 Loss of appetite.
 Weight loss.
 Malaise.
 Renal colic.
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Diagnosis
 Complete Blood Count.
 Renal functional tests.
 Urine test.
 X-Ray.
 Ultrasound.
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Treatment
 Prevention of renal tuberculosis is aimed at early
detection and treatment of PTB.
Medications commonly used include a combination
of:
 Rifampin.
 Ethambutol.
 Pyridoxin.
 Streptomycin.
 Isoniazid.
 Cycloserine.
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Complications
 Fluid and electrolytes imbalance.
 Hypertension.
 Kidney failure.
 Risk of Infection.
 Nephrolithiasis.
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Nursing diagnosis
 Excess fluid volume related to sodium and water
retention.
 Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements
related to anorexia.
 Impaired urinary elimination related to disease
process.
 Risk for Infection and spread of infection
related to decreased response of immune system.
 Stress and anxiety related to disease.
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Nursing interventions
 Assess vital signs.
 Administer all prescribed medications.
 Give analgesics to relieve pain.
 Give diuretic drugs to increase urination.
 Advise patient to have plenty of rest and eat balanced
meals.
 Be alert for signs of drug reaction.
 Encourage the patient and provide emotional support
to relieve stress and anxiety.
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