HYDROURETER

OBJECTIVES:
 DEFINE HYDROURETER
 DISCUSS THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF
HYDROURETER
 DISCUSS THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATION OF HU
 DISCUSS THE CAUSES OF HU
 EXPLAIN THE MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF HU
 DISCUSS THE NURSING DIAGNOSIS OF HU
 Hydroureter:
 HYDROURETER (WATER IN URETER)
 Abnormal enlargement of the ureter caused
by any blockage that prevents urine from
draining into the bladder
If the HYDROURETER is present in one of the
ureter is called unilateral HYDROURETER.

If it is present in both of ureters then it is

called bilateral HYDROURETER.
Acute obstructive HYDROURETER
HYDROURETER devolpe with sudden
Obstruction
usually caused by kidney stone
Chronic obstructive HYDROURETER
HYDROURETER devolpe with gradual
obstruction
 Pathophysiology:
Obstruction that occurs anywhere along the
upper urinary tract will lead to increased
pressure within the structures of the kidney
due to the inability to pass urine from the
kidney to the bladder. Common causes of
upper tract obstruction include obstructing
stones .
Obstruction occurring in the lower urinary
tract can also cause this increased pressure
through the reflux of urine into the kidney.
Common causes include bladder dysfunction
(such as neurogenic bladder) and urethral
obstruction or compression (such as from
prostatic hypertrophy in older male adults).
 Causes:

 Structural abnormalities of the junctions

between the, ureter, and bladder that lead to
hydroureter can occur during fetal development.
 the structural abnormalities could be caused by
injury, surgery, or radiation therapy.
 Compression of one or both ureters can also be
caused by other developmental defects not
completely occurring during the fetal stage such
as an abnormally placed vein, artery, or tumor
 compression of the ureters can occur during
pregnancy due to enlargement of the uterus.
 Changes in hormone levels during this time
may also affect the muscle contractions of the
bladder.
 Sources of obstruction that can arise from
other various causes include kidney stones..
 Clinical manifestation

 pain.
 Nausea
 vomiting
 Blocking the flow of urine
 Fever
 blood or pus in the urine
 Anuria /oligouria(urinary retention)
 Diagnosis

 ultrasounds
 CT scan
 MRI
 intravenous urogram (IVU) IVU is useful for
assessing the anatomical location of the
obstruction
 Treatment:
 the removal of the obstruction and drainage
of the urine that has accumulated behind the
obstruction.
 Acute obstruction of the upper urinary tract is
usually treated by the insertion of
a nephrostomy tube.
 Chronic upper urinary tract obstruction is
treated by the insertion of a ureteric stent or
a pyeloplasty.
 Lower urinary tract obstruction (such as that
caused by bladder outflow obstruction
secondary to prostatic hypertrophy) is usually
treated by insertion of a urinary catheter or
a suprapubic catheter.
 Nursing diagnosis

 Fever related to infection

 Electrolyte imbalance related to vomiting
secondary to hydroureter
 pain related to obstruction.
 Stress and anxiety related to disease process.
 Nursing intervention
 Nursing intervention for fever:
 1;cold compression
 2:anti pyretic
 FOR PAIN:->
 analgesic
 mind diverging
•THANK YOU