RAINWATER HARVESTING-

BY- DAVESH SAINI

PRAGYA GUPTA
CHETAN KATARIA
USAP – 2ND YEAR
B.ARCH
WHAT IS RAINWATER HARVESTING?

• The process of collecting and storing rain water in a scientific

and controlled manner for future use is called rain water
harvesting.
REASONS OF SHORTAGE OF
WATER
• Population increase.
• Industrialization.
• Urbanization.
• Decrease in surface area of Lakes, tanks etc.
• Deforestation.
(i) Less precipitation.
 WHAT IS THE SOLUTION ?
• Rain water is the ultimate source of fresh water
• Rain water harvesting helps to overcome water
scarcity
• To conserve ground water the aquifers must be
recharged with rain water
• Rain water harvesting is the ultimate answer
BENEFITS OF RWH
• Rain water is a ultimate source of fresh water .
• Rain water harvesting helps to overcome water scarcity .
• Rainwater harvesting prevents flooding of low lying areas.
• Rain water harvesting systems are simple to install , operate
and maintain.
WHY RAIN WATER BE HARVESTED
• To conserve & augment the storage of
ground water
• To reduce water table depletion
• To improve the quality of ground water
• To arrest sea water intrusion in coastal areas
• To avoid flood & water stagnation in urban
areas
METHODS OF RAIN WATER HARVESTING
 Collection of roof top rain water .
 Construction of seepage pits.
 Construction of check dams.
 Recharging tube wells.
 Construction of ponds and dams.
 Construction of ponds and dams.
 Erection of bunds.
COLLECTION OF ROOF TOP RAIN WATER
CONSTRUCTION OF SEEPAGE
PITS
CONSTRUCTION OF CHECK DAMS
RECHARGING TUBE WELLS
CONSTRUCTION OF PONDS AND TANKS
ERECTION OF BUNDS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
OF RWH.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Simple Construction • Vulnerable Water
Quality
• Ease of Maintenance • Water Supply is Climate
Dependent
• Systems are Flexible and • Storage Capacity is
Adaptable Limited
The roof catchment are selectively cleaner when
compared to the ground level catchment

• Losses from roof catchment are minimum

• Built & Maintained by local communities
• No Chemical contamination & only required filtration
• Available at door step with least cost
THE TYPICAL ROOF TOP RAIN WATER
HARVESTING SYSTEM COMPRISES

• Roof catchment
• Gutters
• Down pipe & first flushing pipe
• Filter Unit
• Storage Tank
 ROOF CATCHMENT
1. The roof of the house is used as the catchment
for collecting rain water.
2. The style construction and material of the roof effect its
suitability as a catchment, Roofs made of corrugated
iron sheet , asbestos sheet, Tiles or Concrete can be
utilized for harvesting the rain water
 GUTTERS

• Gutters are channels fixed to the edges of roof all

around to collect & transport the rainwater from the
roof.
• Gutters can be made in semi-circular and
rectangular shape with cement pipe, plain
galvanized iron sheet, PVC pipes, bamboos etc.
Use of locally available material reduce the overall
cost of the system.
DOWN PIPE

It is the pipe which carries the rainwater from the

gutters to the filter & storage tank. Down pipe is
joined with the gutters at one end & the other end
is connected to the filter unit of the storage tank.
PVC or GI pipe of 50mm to 75mm (2 to”) are
commonly used for down pipe. Bamboo can be
also used wherever available and possible
FIRST FLUSH PIPE

1. Debris, dust & dirt collect on the roof during non rainy periods
when the first rain arrive.
2. A first flush system arrangement is made to avoid the entering unwanted
material into the Filter media & storage tank.
3. This is a simple manually operated arrangement or semi-automatic
system with a valve below the ‘T’ junction
FILTER UNIT

1. The filter unit is a container or chamber filled with filter media

such as coarse sand, charcoal, coconut fiber, pebbles & gravels to
remove the debris & dirt from water that enters the tank.
2. The filter unit is placed over the storage tank or separately. It may be of
Ferro cement filter unit, Aluminum, Cement rings or Plastic bucket etc.
 STORAGE TANK
1. It is used to store the water that is collected from the roof through filter.
2. For small scale water storage plastic buckets, jerry cans, clay or cement jars,
ceramic jars, drums may be used.
3. For larger quantities of water, the system will require a bigger tank with
cylindrical or rectangular or square in shape constructed with Ferro cement or
cement rings or plain cement concrete or reinforced cement concrete or brick
or stone etc.
4. The storage tank is provided with a cover on the top to avoid the
contamination of water from external sources.
5. The storage tank is provided with pipe fixtures at appropriate places to draw
the water to clean the tank & to dispose of extra water. A provision for keeping
the vessel to collect the water is to be made.
 SIZE OF STORAGE TANK

• Based on
• No. of person in the House hold
• Per capita water requirement
• No. of days for which water is required
Example
Drinking water requirement for a household with 5 family
members, period 8 months & 6 lpcd
= 5x 180x 6
= 7200 Liters
WATER AVAILABLE FROM ROOF

Annual rainfall (in mm) x roof area (in sq. m) x co-efficient of run
off for roof
co-efficient of run off
GI sheet 0.9
Asbestos 0.8
Tiled 0.75
Plaster on bricks/ Concrete 0.7
Water available from roof top 800mmx 20 sq.m=12800 Liters per
annum
 WATER AVAILABLE FROM ROOF
continued……
Size of Tank =1.2 m dia 1.8 m height
No. of Tanks 4
Volume of Tanks 3.14x1.2x1.2x1.5/4
2.03 cum
2000 liters
Volume of of 4 tanks =
4x2000
8000 Liters
(this can be designed as per requirement)
 COST OF MATERIAL FOR TANK
• 1. Cement 8 bags*Rs. 140.00 1120.00
• 2. Grit .25 Cum 200.00
• 3. Sand .4 Cum 100.00
• 4. Perforated Cement rings 5 No. 1000.00
• 5. P/fabricated Cement rings 4 No. 400.00
• 6. PVC pipe 63mm dia.*10M 200.00
• 7. P/fabricated Asbestos 10mm dia.*10mm
Gutters 250.00
8. Mason/ Labor charges. 1000.00
9. Transportation 130.00
Total
4400.00
COST OF MATERIAL FOR FILTRATION
TANK
• 1. P/fabricated cement rings 5*Rs. 40.00 200.00
• 2. Cement 2 bags*Rs. 140.00 280.00
• 3. Sand 2 bags 50.00
• 4. Grit 4 bags 50.00
• 5. Charcoal 20 Kg*Rs. 8.00 160.00
• 6. Sand for Plastering 4 bags 100.00
• 7. Mason/ Labor 500.00
• 8. White washing 40.00
• 9. Transportation 50.00
Total 1430.00
• Total Cost of construction Rs. 4400.00+
Rs. 1430.00= Rs. 5830.00
The cost on O/ M-
1. White washing 100.00
2. Water testing 200.00
(2 times a year) 300.00
CONCLUSION
• In densely populated countries like india, the demand for water
goes on increasing with increase in population. hence it is
necessary to adopt rain water harvesting.
THANK YOU!!