Basics Safety

PT AJE INDONESIA
:
Trainer

Teguh Prasetyo dan Rahman Setia

HSE - Team
Have you seen a picture like this.....?
What do you observe?

Is this true ...?

What do you observe?

Is this true ...?

What do you observe?

Is this true ...?

Objective

• Introduce participants to the basics of Safety and

Safety Management
• Participants are able to recognize the "Danger",
"Incident" and "Risk"
• Participants understand the basic principles of risk
control (elimination, substitution, engineering,
administrative and personal protective equipment)
Iceberg Phenomenon For Losses

Losses That Appear

Losses That Not

Appear
 Loss
Devide 2 type :
2. Cost countless
1. Cost accounting a. Short-term losses
a. Loss / damage to property - Business interruption
(insured, not insured) - Supply disruption
- Contract labor / machinees
- Tangible
e s s
- Intangible s in
- Loss of profit on finished goods
b u losses
b. The cost of long-term
b. The cost of accidents o f
s s in premiums
- The increase
e
insurance v e n
- Confidence in the product
titi
- Personal accident p e - Professional trust
insurance com - Worker confidence
- Cost recovery e the - Claims arising from industrial
u c
re d relations
s e s -The cost of restoration of
Los confidence
 Why Safety needs?
• Moral obligation
• Legal Requirements
- Law No. 1 of 1970 about Safety
- Per.Men 05 / MEN / 1996-SMK3
• Good management practices
 The Teori of Safety
Begins when King Hammurabi of Mesopotamia (2100 BC) to impose the "Code"
Example: If an architect, because of its failure to cause a person to death, for
example a child, the son of the architect should be killed instead.
According of what Herbert Heinrich say that 75 000
incidents of industry:
98 % of the accidents can be prevented,
• 88 % due to unsafe acts committed people and
• 10 % due to physical or mechanical conditions
dangerous.
While the cause of the remaining 2 % could not be
determined
Definition

Danger

Risk
Definition
Danger
– Source or situations where there is potential for
damage in the form of injury or illness in humans,
damage to property, damage to the workplace
environment, or a combination of there
Risk
– The combination of the likelihood and
consequences of a particular hazard event
R = f(P,S)
R = risk
P = probability
S = severity
K3 Management Paradigm
Old Philosophy AJE Philosophy

Reactive Proactive

Panic Preparedness

Short term Long Term

Who did...? Standart
Definition of Safety

“Bebas dari resiko celaka yang tidak bisa diterima”

Freedom from un-acceptable risk-
Hazard Identification
 Hazard Identification

Tell me the danger !!!

 Hazard Identification

Tell me the danger !!!

Hazard Identification

Tell me the danger !!!

 Hazard Identification
• Source of danger in the workplace :

Material

Machine/Tools

Workers

Work Environment
 Hazard Identification
• Groups of hazards in the workplace can be divided
into; What is the difference?
a. Safety hazards (safety hazard)
b. Health hazards (health hazard)

• Some examples of safety hazards;

a. Slip / trip
b. Blasting & Fire
c. Working at height
d. Moving machine parts
e. Vehicles (forklifts, trucks, cranes, etc.)
f. Material falling (falling objects)
g. Work on the excavation (excavation)
h. Pressurized system (boiler / pipe)
i. Manual handling
 Hazard Identification
• Health hazard / health hazards of occupational
disease

• Type of health hazards;

a. Chemical hazards
b. Biohazard
c. Physical agent
d. Ergonomical hazard
e. Stress of work

Acute effects
Chronic effects
 HEALTH HAZARDS
Chemical Biological

Properties of materials; Example;

• Toxic / poisonous - Bacterium
• Carcinogenic - Virus
• Radioactive - Fungus, etc.
• Corrosive
• Mutagenic
• Infection
Material effect;
• Acute and chronic
• Target organ and
systemic
Entrance;
• Inhalation
• Ingestion/oral
• Absorption
 HEALTH HAZARDS
Phisical

Example ;
a. Noise : 85 dBA
b. Vibration 0,81 gr ( 1-2 working hours)
c. Lighting
(300 lux for office, 100 for warehouse)
d. Temperature
• Hot (25-30 C for 8 working hours)
- Dehidration
- Heat stroke
• Cold
- Frost bite
- Radiation
• Ionizing radiation
- Sinar   , X-rays
• Non Ionizing radiation
- Infrared
- Ultraviolet (0,1μW/cm2 every
8 working hours)
- Micro Wave
- Laser
 Noise Effects for Employment
• Some of the negative side effects of noise pollution:
a. Physiological disorders : Increase in pulse rate, Increase blood
pressure, headache, blown
b. Psychological disorders : Lack of concentration, insomnia,
quick to anger, psychosomatic diseases such as gastritis,
cardiac, stress, fatigue and others.
c. Communication disorders
d. Balance disorders : Headache (vertigo) or nausea
e. Effect on hearing : Damage to the sense of hearing, which
causes progressive deafness
 HEALTH HAZARDS
HEALTH
HAZARDS

Ergonomical

Factors to be considered

- Working posture while doing an activity

- Load or force required when conducting
- The duration and frequency of activities
- The physical condition of personnel
- Organization of work (work site design,
working speed, work load)
- Vibration
- Work environment
 DISTRIBUTION OF MANUAL HANDLING LOAD

Note : For lifting more than 25 kg of use Back support, lift

material with 2 people, use tools (lift truck, crane, etc)
 Risk Control
“Hirarki” Risk Control
1. Elimination  Eliminate sources of danger
2. Substitution  Replace the material / process more secure
3. Engineering/Improvement  Protective machine,
redesigned workstation, ventilation systems, insulation
process, mechanical lifting equipment, etc.
4. Administration  SOP, work permits, WI, LOTO, job rotation,
job duration restrictions, supervision, entry permit,etc.
5. Training  Basic safety, Basic Fire, 5 S, Forklift Training, etc.
6. PPE

as t
L t ive
r na
alte
 Risk Management

Hierarchy of Risk Management

1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Engineering
4. Administration
5. Training
6. PPE
Even More Effective

Risk management should reduce the likelihood

and severity of accidents decrease
 The Weakness of PPE
PPE as a last alternative because it has a weakness:
• Protection capability is less than perfect
a. No proper
b. False way of use
c. The quality PPE
• PPE is often not used because less comfortable.
• Interfere with performance
• etc.
Work Hazards Identification
Activity Hazard Risk
Operational of The exhaust gas of Respiratory irritation
Forklift forklift
Forklift Injury crashes
movement
Property damage
Lifting more than Phisycal injuries Back pain, leg
25 kg manually crushed
Delivery of goods Trafic on the road The collision highway
by truck companies
Damage of finished
goods
 21
6 25 31
4
22
3

1 30
20 19 23 24 26 29
28
2
18 13 27
6
9
5 11
7 14
8 10
12
15
16
17
 Workshop
What do you think will happen in this condition?
1 2
 Accidents can be prevented
• How?
Since 1969, Frank L. Bird has developed a Modern
Safety Management, which mentioned the accident
was the result of a direct causal factors (immediate
cause) and because the base (basic cause).
 CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS
(Immediate Cause / Direct Cause)
• 88% unsafe action
• 10% unsafe condition
• 2% unknown causes

How the ratio between unsafe action, unsafe condition,

unknown causes in your place?

98 : 2 : 0 …. 95 : 4 : 1 …. 100 : 0 : 0 …..
 UNSAFE ACTION
Example :
• Hazardous work without a work permit
• Working with not proper equipment
• Not using PPE
• Fix the machine when a state road
• Handling chemical materials without prior notice MSDS
• Doing omission of a leak
• Working at height without wearing Body Harness
UNSAFE CONDITION
Example :
• APAR / Hydrant cover by material/Goods
• Slippery floor
• Structuring the messy stuff
• Noisy of working area> NAB
• Working temperature> NAB
Basic Cause of Accident
• Personal Factors
a. Lack of knowledge
b. Lack of skill
c. Lack of motivation

• Work Factors
a. Lack of Engineering
b. Lack of Purchasing
c. Lack of Supervise
d. Lack of Training
e. Lack of maintenance
CATEGORY of ACCIDENT

INCIDENT / NEARMISS

ACCDENT

a. First Aid : In case of directly victims of workplace

accidents could work
b. Medical Treatment : In case of work accident
victims should receive treatment at the clinic / hospital but
could directly working again
c. LTI (Lost Time Injurie): In case of work accident victims
should receive treatment at the clinic / hospital and could
not work back 2 x 24 hours
d. Fatality : Death or loss of limb
NEAR MISS
An event that we do not want to happen that might /
almost may result in losses of human beings, equipment,
materials and environment.
Example :
 Forklift nearly crashes
 Slip on the stairs was not until the fall
 Objects falling from the top of nearly be fell people.
 People slipped, almost fell due to slippery floor.
ACCIDENT
• Undesirable events that can lead to disruption of the
work that had been planned in advance and lead to
physical and material losses.

• Definition of workplace accidents by Law no. 3 of 1992

about Jamsostek:
Accidents that occur on the job since departing from
home to work and back home through reasonable or
ordinary roads impassable
Example
• Broken leg crushed material
• Fingers Injured as a result pinched of
conveyor
• Eyes exposed grams welding/grinding
• Hit by a car when leaving for work
• Fall from height
• Fire
• Chemical splashed in the eye (CIP)
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
• Reduce of Near miss
• Relieve Basic Cause of accident
a. Training Program
b. Complete PPE
c. Maintenance Program
d. Improve supervision
e. etc
Comparison between the fatality incident & near-miss
Zero Accident

Fatal / major 0,01

1
Zero
Minor injury 10 Fatality?
0,1

Property 30
damage 0,3

600 6
Near-miss
 EMERGENCY SITUATION
FIRE SITUATION
• If there is a fire near you, and you have ability to use Fire
Extinghuiser (APAR) you can extinghuis the fire
MUST BE ATTENTION WHEN EXTINGHUIS OF FIRE
• Position outage must backs direction of the wind
• Enough space for approach
• The test tool first (spray)
• Try to use personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Do backs fire
• Be careful to strike fire
• Saving lives most important
• Note the type of media on fire
• Use fire extinguishers in accordance with the media
• Inform emergency firefighters immediately to the area /
region
 AIR KIMIA HALON
BUSA CO2
KERING 1211

Wood, paper, cloth,

A     
plastic, garbage, etc CORRECT
Flammable liquid
material insoluble B     
Flammable liquid
material that is soluble
B     
in water: acetone,
alcohol, etc Special Foam
Material gas: LPG,
LNG C     
Electrically charged
equipment D     
motor vehicle 
INTERIOR

INTERIOR & MACHINE

INTERIOR & MACHINE
 
INTERIOR & MACHINE INTERIOR & MACHINE
 EMERGENCY SITUATION
EARTHQUAKE
• If earthquake condition very large and you do not have time to
escape through an emergency exit (start there are ruins) take a
position lying curled up next to a solid object instance under the
desk / dresser and the corner of the room. Protect your head
with your hands, purse or book.
First Aid (P3K)
P3K in the workplace:
Efforts to provide first aid quickly and appropriately to the
worker and / or others who are in the workplace who are
sick / injured in the workplace.

P3K officer at the workplace:

Workers are appointed by the board / entrepreneur and
assigned additional duties to perform in the workplace P3K

P3K facilities at the workplace:

All tools, equipment, and materials used in the
implementation of workplace P3K
Purpose And Objectives
P3K intended:
Provide emergency care to the victim, before a more
complete relief given by a physician or other health care
workers.

P3K given to:

• Save the lives of victims
• Alleviate the suffering of the victims
• Prevent injury / disease becomes more severe
• Maintain the durability of the victim
• supporting Healing
• Find further help.
 Implementation P3K in the Workplace
Facilities:
• Box P3K
• Fill for the box of P3K
Drug that are swallowed up is not recommended into the
box P3K (Special worksite) because it’s categorized as
sedative (create peace and reduction of pain and or anxiety
and can cause sleepiness)
• Guidance book
• Clinic
• P3K equipment (protective equipment, emergency tools,
conveyance and transportation)
Personnel:
Person in charge: the Doctor, K3 Expert ( P3K Officer) with
Certificate P3K training in the workplace
 The Contents of First Aid box
No. ISI Kotak A Kotak B Kotak C
(Untuk 25 (untuk 50 (untuk 100
Pekerja atau Pekerja atau Pekerja atau
kurang) kurang) kurang)
1. Kasa steril terbungkus 20 40 40
2. Perban (lebar 5 cm) 2 4 6
3. Perban (lebar 10 cm) 2 4 6
4. Plester (lebar 1,25 cm) 2 4 6
5. Plester Cepat 10 15 20
6. Kapas (25 gram) 1 2 3
7. Kain segitiga/mittela 2 4 6
8. Gunting 1 1 1
9. Peniti 12 12 12
10. Sarung tangan sekali pakai (pasangan) 2 3 4
11. Masker 2 4 6
12. Pinset 1 1 1
13. Lampu senter 1 1 1
14. Gelas untuk cuci mata 1 1 1
15 Kantong plastik bersih 1 2 3
16 Aquades (100 ml lar. Saline) 1 1 1
17. Povidon Iodin (60 ml) 1 1 1
18. Alkohol 70% 1 1 1
19. Buku panduan P3K di tempat kerja 1 1 1
20. Buku catatan 1 1 1
21. Daftar isi kotak 1 1 1

Note : P3K Box Contents may not be filled materials / equipment other than those required for
the implementation of P3K (Pasal 10 ayat b PER.15/MEN/VIII/2008)
 SHE PROGRAM 2015
1. “SHE” POLICY /VISION/MISSION FROM MANAGEMENT
2. DOCUMENTATIONS : • Procedures
• Standards
• Forms
• Working Instructions
3. “SHE” EDUCATIONS & SOCIALIZATIONS (Safety Sign,
OPL, Safety Equipment, Performance board, etc)
4. “SHE” CAMPAIGN (blood donor, employees medical
Check up, sozialitation to vendor about safety,
Clinic, etc)
5. P2K3 ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
 REMEMBER... !!!

• CHANGE YOUR BEHAVIOR WORKING NOT SAFE IN

WORK BECAUSE THE REASON "ALREADY SO
ORDINARY"
• BEHAVIOR WORKING NOT SAFELY WILL BE START THE
ACCIDENT
• THINK LONG TERM.
• DON’T SHORT YOUR LIVES JUST FOR UNSAFE
BEHAVIOR
REMEMBER... !!!

ACCIDENTS ALWAYS HAPPEN IF THERE

UNSAFE CONDITIONS OR UNSAFE
ACTION IN YOUR WORKING AREA

BEFORE AFTER
REMEMBER... !!!

DO NOT LET THE INCIDENT / NEAR MISS

HAPPEN, PLEASE DO REPORTING FOR
IMPROVEMENT

BEFORE AFTER
REMEMBER... !!!

IF ACCIDENTS HAPPEN, DON’T BE

AFRAID TO REPORT IT, IN ORDER TO
BE DONE INVESTIGATION

ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION NOT TO LOOKING FOR

MISTAKES OF PEOPLE, BUT TO FIND WHAT'S WRONG TO
AVOID ACCIDENTS NOT REPEATED
CATEGORIES OF WASTE
CATEGORIES OF WASTE
CATEGORIES OF WASTE
 Legislation of Safety & Health (K3)

PP 7 1973 PP 19 1973
Pestisida Pertambangan
Uap 1930
Stoom Ordonantie
PP 11 1979
Minyak & Gas Bumi

PerMen 01/81 Undang-Undang

Kewajiban Melapor PerMen 01/76
Penyakit Akibat Kerja no.1 / 1970 Wajib latih hiperkes
Dokter Perusahaan

PerMen 04/80 PerMen 01/78

Pemasangan APAR Keselamatan Kerja
Penebangan Kayu

PerMen 02/80 PerMen 05/78

Pemeriksaan PerMen 01/80 Lift Listrik utk
Kesehatan Kerja K3 pada Konstruksi Pengangkutan Orang
Bangunan
 Legislation of Safety & Health (K3)

PerMen 03 / 82
PerMen 02 / 82 Pelayanan Kesehatan
Klasifikasi Juru Las Tenaga Kerja
PerMen 01 / 82
Bejana Tekan PerMen 02 / 83
Instalasi alarm kebakaran
otomatik

PerMen 02/89 Undang-Undang

Pengawasan Instalasi PerMen 03/85
penyalur petir no.1 / 1970 K3 Asbes

PerMen 01/89 PerMen 04/85

Klas & Syarat Pesawat tenaga
Operator Keran Angkat & produksi

PerMen 01/88 Kep Bersama 174/MEN

PerMen 05/85
Klasifikasi & Syarat KPTS 104 / 1986 Pesawat angkat
Operator psw uap K3 pada tempat kegiatan & angkut
konstruksi
 Legislation of Safety & Health (K3)
• Liabilities Board:
a. Check the health of workers (physical, mental)
b. According to the nature of work and regularly
c. Explain to labor about conditions workplace hazards
d. Providing safety devices and PPE
e. Explains How and safe manner in the implementation
of the work
f. Implement coaching: accident prevention, fire
prevention and first aid
g. Complying with all applicable regulations in K3
 Legislations of Safety & Health (K3)
• Liabilities and rights of labor:
a. Provide correct information
b. Wearing PPE compulsory
c. Comply with all the provisions required K3
d. Asked the Board to be implemented K3 terms and
conditions required
e. Objected work where the terms & conditions K3 doubt
them
SAFETY FIRST