FILM STUDIES

On Frames, Shots, Editing and Lighting

PRESENTED BY,
ROOPHA S
1.BIRD’S EYE VIEW ANGLE/ AERIAL
SHOT
2. High Angle
High Angle
Low Angle
3.Low Angle
Low angle (m)
4.Eye Level
Eye level
5. Oblique/Canted Angle
Various kinds of Shots in
Film making
Shots
Varieties in shots
1. Aerial shot

 A shot taken from a plane or helicopter or a

person on top of a building.
 It need not be moving shot
 Also known as Bird’s eye view
Aerial shot
An Extreme Long Shot ( ELS)
Long Shot
Long Shot
Full shot
Mid shot
Mid shot
Mid shot
Close- up shot
Close- up shot
Extreme close-up shot
Extreme close-up shot
Editing techniques in film making
Editing done with film reels
Editing done with film reels
Modern film editing
Continuity cuts
Framing and editing
Deep focus
Deep focus/Depth of field
 Depth of Field : a cinematographic practice
 Deep focus:
 a technique and film style
 Background and foreground both in sharp focus
 Requires small aperture
 Achieved by wide-angle lens
 Jean Renoir: illusion of deep focus- characters
moving from back to the foreground
 ‘Citizen Kane’:
 Orson Welles was the first to use the effect
 Cinematographer Gregg Toland
Deep focus
Eye-line matching
framing
framing
Importance of lighting

 Quality of light
 Light can be classified in several ways
including:
 How sharp is the shadow?
 What is the angle of the light?
 How bright is the light?
 What color is the light?
 How many lights are there and how do they
contrast in all the ways just listed
Hard light

 A hard light, coming from a single small

source such as the sun or a spotlight, creates
a harsh appearance. They also create harsh
shadows on the background as well as on the
face and features of your actors. The prettiest
actress can look homely in hard light.
Hard light
Hard light
Soft light

 A soft light, coming from a large area of

lighting or many small lights, creates a soft,
gentle or romantic look. It generally takes
much more power to create the same amount
of soft light compared to hard light. Many old
films had to use hard lighting because the
film was so insensitive to light.
Soft light
 A film is rarely lit with a single light source.
There are usually a minimum of four sources
in a professionally shot film. There is a key
light that provides most of the illumination on
the subject and is typically at a 3/4 position.
Next a fill light from the side fills in the
shadows to soften them.
4 point lighting
Key light & fill light

 The key light is placed to the front and side of

the subject who is looking between the key
light and the camera; the fill light is a soft light
normally placed near the camera on the
opposite side of the key, it is a soft light that
fills in areas of shadow cast by the key light
and thus decreases the image contrast.
Key light only
Fill light only
Key light
Back light
 A third small, direction light illuminates the back of the actor. The
light may be to the side or above. This light outlines the actors
form giving a some three-dimensional appearance. It also puts a
gleam on the actors hair and is therefore sometimes called the
hair light. If the back light is the brightest light you get a dramatic
silhouetted look which makes a great dramatic entrance for the
hero or villain, or a very romantic look for the leading lady

 The back-light highlights the edges of the subject, it is aimed

towards the camera from above and behind the subject; when in
this position this form of lighting is known also as a hair light
because it creates a halo effect on the head. Hair lighting was
very much a feature of classic Hollywood cinema
Back light only
Back light and key light
Hard light/ soft light

 The relative brightness of these lights is

referred to as the contrast ratio of the
lighting. Low contrast, where the two light
are close to equally bright is a soft light. High
contrast where the shadow fill light is much
dimmer creates a harsh, hard light that is
appropriate for villains and used much in film
noir.
Combination of light sources
Lighting
Back light (hard)& fill light (soft)
Silhouettes
Colour: Moon light and molten steel
(back light & fill light)
Complete 3-point light setup

 These first three lights--key, fill and back--are

sometimes referred to as three-point lighting.
It constitutes the most pleasing and common
way that people are lit, whether for films or
formal portraits. Having an understanding
and mastery of this three light combination
will handle about 95% of the artificial lighting
situations you encounter.
Back light
Camera lens- zoom-in
Crane shot
Dolly shot