NCR Site

HVAC System Design

Date: 10.12.2021
Executive Summary
The Entire MEF systems have been designed to complement the sustainability approach for Flipkart Campus. We have also taken
care of Master Layout for Zone-wise development, entire Master Layout have been divided into different areas & 4 boxes as
mentioned in the Master layout.

ADMIN
(STILT + 2)
66 kv Switchyard &
11 kv Distribution
CHILLER PLANT ROOM Substation
COOLING TOWER

KITCHEN
BOX-02

11 Kv Distribution
CRECHE & Substation
HEALTH
CENTER
BOX-04
(G+1)

Pump Room, 11 Kv Distribution

Water Tank & STP sub station

BOX-03
BOX-01
BUILDING WISE HEAT LOAD SUMMARY: CONSIDERING ALL INPUTS & BASIC LEVEL ARCHITECTURES DRAWING SHARED WITH US PRELIMINARY HEAT LOAD* IDENTIFIED ARE
AS FOLLOWS:

*Occupancy was considered as per inputs from Flipkart Team

**Tentative Load Calculation (Inputs are pending from Flipkart Team
YEARLY LOAD PROFILE WITH NCR WEATHER CONDITION SHEET 1 OF 2:
YEARLY LOAD PROFILE WITH NCR WEATHER CONDITION SHEET 2 OF 2:
FREE COOLING MODE OVER WEATHER DATAS
VARIOUS WAYS TO ACHIEVE 30°C
 WATER COOLED CHILLER+COOLING COIL

Adiabatic
Cooling Tower

Water Cooled Air Handling

Chiller Unit
 WATER COOLED CHILLER+COOLING COIL

- The water cooled chiller, one of the most efficient types in the market, would be able to give the
lowest possible OPEX.

- The evaporator coil would be providing cooling effect to the chilled water.

- The condenser coil shall carry away heat from chiller to cooling tower.

- We strongly recommend use of adiabatic cooling tower. Such types of towers reduce the water
consumption significantly.

- - On the Low side, we recommend AHU’s with cooling coil, this would eliminate the requirement of
water on Low side as well.

- - This scheme shall be able to help us achieve a temperature of 30+/-1°C successfully.

ADIABATIC COOLING TOWERS
ADIABATIC COOLING PROCESS – PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
ADIABATIC COOLING TOWERS

- A typical adiabatic cooling tower of 255TR would consume 53,900 cubic meters of water
annually.

- The Dry Air Cooler is a closed-circuit fluid cooler which has hot fluid circulating through the
tubes of the coil and air circulates over the coil to dissipate heat from the fluid into the
atmosphere.

- The typical fluids used as refrigerants in VAM cycle are LiBr and Water.

Monthly Water Consumption

WATER COOLED CHILLER

- - One of the best possible options in chillers in terms of high efficiency.

- - The high efficiency results due to the high thermal mass of water.

- - The electrical consumption could be as low as 0.4 ikw/TR.

- - The area footprint required for installation is less as compared to most types of chillers.

- - The OPEX reduces significantly due to high efficiency.

Monthly Water Consumption

AIR COOLED CHILLER+COOLING COIL

Air Cooled Air Handling

Chiller Unit
AIR COOLED CHILLERS

- - One of the best possible options in chillers in order to save water.

- - The low efficiency is due to the low thermal mass of air.

- - The electrical consumption could be as high as 1.35 ikw/TR.

- - The area footprint required for installation is more compared to most types of chillers.

- - The OPEX is higher compared to water cooled chiller.

VAM CHILLER
What is VAM?

- It works on Vapour Absorption Cycle.

- A heat source is used to drive the process cycle instead of a compressor.

- VAM chillers are a preferable option when there is surplus heat energy available from
a process.

- The typical fluids used as refrigerants in VAM cycle are LiBr and Water.
What is Evaporative Cooling?

“Not A New Concept”

In fact it's the oldest known method of cooling hot & dry air to make living or working spaces
more comfortable.

In ancient times, People hung wet materials, so that wind could blow through it to create a
cooling effect.

Cooling of water in clay pot is perfect example of evaporative cooling.

Max Cool Pads are

uniform for even air-flow

Switching helps bonding of

engineered fibers to netting. Reduce
sagging and adds lots of strength.
Evaporative Cooling using 2 Natural Elements

&
Air Water
 Adaptive Comfort

 Adaptive Approach - The fundamental concept is to stretch the range of comfort

temperature. Adaptive Approach also shows that the ambient outside air temperature
is the most important parameter that affects the Comfort Temperature.

 It has been widely accepted that by applying a suitable combination of temperature,

humidity, air movement, air cleanliness and dress protocol, that it is possible to find
human comfort over a wide range of temperatures.

 By accepting comfort temperatures around 26°C - 30°C with higher air changes and
allied with enhanced air movement, most of the occupants can be kept within the
comfort zone, while achieving substantial energy savings.
 Adaptive Comfort

Extracted from ASHRAE Standard 55 - 2013

THERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR HUMAN OCCUPANCY
 Indirect Evaporative Cooling

WATER

Outdoor Air Supply Air

Hot & Dry Cool & Fresh
Psychrometric Representation

RH %

Mositure Content
1
2

DBT

Indirect Evaporative Cooling

OPTION:2-LOW SIDE WITH THREE STAGE COOLING UNIT

HVAC System - Low Side Design -- IDEC + Cooling Coil -- Cooling Units.

ECM: Indirect Evaporative cooling type Heat Exchanger

Cooling Coil: Chilled water coil
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

“IDEC + COOLING COIL”

STAGE 1 :- Indirect Evaporative Cooling

STAGE 2 :- Cooling Coil Apparatus.

DAMA : DRY AIR MOIST AIR

ADVANTAGES

• Improvement in IAQ

• ZERO ODP for IDEC system

Low Running Cost Power Saving
• Reduction in OPEX by MINIMUM 35 %

• Promotes sustainable development

• Optional VFD drives add to the efficiency

• BMS compatible units

RH Regulation
Good IAQ & 100 % Fresh Air
PSYCHROMETRIC ANALYSIS
 Design Parameters Selected
 FREE COOLING MODE SHALL BE CONSIDERED FROM MINIMUM DBT
i.e. 5.2°C.

 HOWEVER WITH CFD ANALYSIS, WE HAVE DERIVED THAT 14.3 DELTA

TEMPERATURE IS ESSENTIAL TO ACHIVE ROOM DESIGN CONDITION
i.e. 29°C
REQUIRED PROCESS CURVE – SUMMER
REQUIRED PROCESS CURVE – MONSOON

P1 – OUTDOOR AIR CONDITION

P4 – ROOM AIR CONDITION
RECOMMENDED MODES OF OPERATION

JANUARY, FEBRUARY, MARCH, NOVEMBER, DECEMBER : ONLY IEC – STAGE 1

APRIL, MAY : IEC + DEC - STAGE 2

JUNE, JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBER, OCTOBER : IEC + DEC + CC – STAGE 3

IEC:- Indirect Evaporative Cooling

DEC:- Direct Evaporative Cooling

CC:- Cooling Coil Apparatus.

OPEX Comparison for Low Side with Three Stage Unit Air
Washer Type

1 STAGE DCM

1 STAGE DCM

1 STAGE DCM

2 STAGE DCM + ECM

2 STAGE DCM + ECM

3 STAGE DCM + ECM + CC

3 STAGE DCM + ECM + CC

3 STAGE DCM +ECM + CC

3 STAGE DCM + ECM + CC

3 STAGE DCM + ECM + CC

1 STAGE DCM

1 STAGE DCM
Total Operating Power for one unit of
Zone 3 – 2,00,000 CFM
Total Operating Power for 26 nos of Zones
CAPEX – OPEX COMPARISON FOR VARIOUS OPTIONS
CAPEX COMPARISON – VAM Vs. WATER COOLED Vs. AIR COOLED – BOX 1
OPEX - COMPARISON FOR LOW SIDE WITH FREE COOLING MODE – BOX 1
OPEX - COMPARISON FOR LOW SIDE WITH FREE COOLING MODE – BOX 1
OPEX - COMPARISON FOR LOW SIDE WITH FREE COOLING MODE – BOX 1
RECOMMENDED MODES OF OPERATION
RECOMMENDED MODES OF OPERATION
TENTATIVE GAD FOR VENTILATION UNIT WITH DUAL BLOWERS
LAYOUT WITH 3-STAGE UNIT FOR ZONE-3 (ABOVE RACK AREA)
LAYOUT WITH 3-STAGE UNIT FOR ZONE-3 (AIR PATTERN)
LAYOUT WITH 3-STAGE UNIT FOR ZONE-3 (GROUND FLOOR)
SECTION VIEW WITH 3-STAGE UNIT FOR ZONE-3
Projects using the system : CHENNAI
TWO STAGE COOLING
CONCLUSION FOR OPEX

ADDITION OF FREE COOLING LEADS TO REDUCTION IN

ANNUAL OPEX 19%

LEADS TO REDUCTION IN
ADDITION OF 3-STAGE COOLING
ANNUAL OPEX 35%

WE CAN FURTHER REDUCE THE OPEX WITH USE OF CHILLED WATER AS A MAKE UP FOR THREE STAGE UNITS
Option:2-CHILLED WATER PIPING ROUTE WITHIN MASTER PLAN

HVAC PLANT ROOM

VENTILATION DESIGN BASIS
BASIS FOR VENTILATION CALCULATION FOR FIRE MODE

⮚ We have considered minimum ACPH (i.e. 12 ACPH) for ventilation calculation as

per NBC-2016 Volume-II for all ventilation areas during fire mode.
EXAMPLE FOR VENTILATION CALCULATION FOR BOX-01(NORMAL MODE)
BASIS FOR VENTILATION CALCULATION FOR FIRE MODE

⮚ 4.6.1. Smoke Exhaust & pressurization of areas above ground:

Smoke exhaust system where provided, for above areas

and occupancies shall have a minimum of 12 air changes per hour smoke exhaust
mechanism.

Hence, we have considered 12 ACPH for ventilation calculation (for fire mode) to
provide compliance towards NBC.

We have excluded the areas wherever we are having advantage of opening shutters
(for fresh air) as well as room monitor (for exhaust air).