GENDER-BASED

SEXUAL
HARASSMENT IN
EDUCATIONAL AND
TRAINING
INSTITUTION
AGRIPINA D. GOMEZ
HT-III
SPEAKER
Sexual Harassment
The making of unwanted
and offensive sexual
advances or of sexually
offensive remarks or acts,
especially by one in a
superior or supervisory
position or when
acquiescence to such
behavior is a condition of
continued employment,
promotion, or satisfactory
evaluation.
 Major Characteristics of Sexual
harassment
• The behavior is unwanted or unwelcome

• The behavior is sexual or related to the sex or

the gender of the person

• The behavior occurs in context of a

relationship where one person has more formal
power than the other or more informal power
Sexual harassment can
be visual, verbal,
physical and gesture
 Quid pro quo
sexual
harassment
“this for that”

happens when the harasser demands sexual

favors as a condition for hiring or promotion, or
academic environment, as a condition for passing
the exam or the subject.
 Hostile work environment

• Refers to any work place

conduct that is sufficiently severe
or per- vasive to alter the
conditions of the victim`s
employment and create an
abusive or offensive working environment.
• It also refers to continued, unwelcome of a sexual nature
in the work place that may interfere with an employees
work performance, or create an intimidating or abusive
environment.
 Gender Harassment
Generalized sexist statements and behavior
that convey insulting remarks, offensive
graffiti, obscene jokes or humor about sex or
women in general

Examples:
• Calling a woman Name such as
“HOT STUFF”,cutie pie,
bitch,whore,or slut
• Shouting obscenities at women as they –pass a
fraternity house or other place where men
gather
• Loudly discussing a woman`s sexual attributes
and rating her attractiveness a practice called
scooping
 Sexual Impositions
gross sexual imposition such as forceful
touching, feeling, grabbing, or sexual
assault.

Examples:
Touching a person,including patting,
pinching, stroking, squeezing, hugging
or brushing against his/her body,
touching or grabbing a person`s breasts,
crotch, or buttocks.
Giving a neck or shoulder massage
Seductive Behavior
unwanted, inappropriate and
offensive sexual advances.

Examples :
repeated unwanted sexual
invitations, insistent requests for
dinner, drinks, dates,
persistent letters, phone calls
and other invitations.
 Sexual Bribery
solicitation of sexual activity or other
sex-linked behavior by promise of
reward; the proposition may
be either overt or subtle.
 Sexual Coercion
coercion of sexual activity or
other sex-linked behavior by
threat of punishment

Examples:
negative performance
evaluations, withholding of
promotions, threat or termination.
 Specific Forms
• Sending sexual mall, notes,e-
mail,or making sexually explicit
phone calls
• Sending,giving,showing or
displaying sexual materials
pornography, sexual
pictures,cartoons and calendars
• Laughing at or not taking
seriously someone who
experiences sexual harassment
• Blaming the victim of sexual
harassment for having caused it
Types of harasser
 The Power-player

In this case harassment is a power game,

where the perpetrator insists on sexual favors
in exchange for benefits they can dispense
because of their position in the hierarchy:
getting or keeping a job, favorable grades,
recommendations, credentials, projects,
raises, promotions, orders, and other types of
opportunities. Called "Quid Pro Quo"
harassment, it’s the “you do something for
me, and I’ll do something for you” mentality,
and is very much like blackmail. This form
of harassment is an extraordinary abuse of
power and trust, and can have serious effects
on the victim.
 The Mother-father Figure
(a.k.a. The Counselor-Helper)
Probably the most calculated of all sexual
harassers, the Mother-father Figure will try
to create a mentor-like relationship with
their sexual harassment target, while
masking their sexual intentions with
pretenses towards personal, professional, or
academic attention. The Mother-father
Figure can be particularly drawn to
subordinates or students who are troubled,
or going through difficult periods in their
lives. These are forms of grooming, and in
doing this, they can increase their stature
with their target and earn their trust.*.

With teacher-to-student harassment, the Mother-father Figure will often use techniques
of the Intellectual Seducer, and they will try to learn about their target's knowledge and
experiences with sex. Moreover, they will usually rationalize their predatory intentions
by maintaining that it is a teacher's duty to "guide the student to maturity," even in
terms of their sexuality
and sexual experience.

*Grooming is a classic tactic of sexual predators as a way of befriending and earning the trust
of a target they are trying to exploit sexually.
 One-of-the-gang
Often motivated by bravado or competition, "one-of-the-gang"
harassment occurs when groups of men or women embarrass others
with lewd comments or physical evaluations. Harassers may act
individually in order to "belong" or "impress" the others, or groups
may gang up on a particular target. Groups may sexually evaluate or
derogate the victim--to their face or behind their back--as a way to
"bond."

One-of-the-gang is a very common

form of harassment amongst children
and teenagers.
The Serial Harasser
The most difficult type of harasser to
identify, this person is compulsive
and often has serious psychological
problems. They carefully build up an
image so that people would find it
hard to believe they would do anyone
any harm. They plan their approach
carefully, and strike in private so that
it is their word against that of a
subordinate or student. They can do a
lot of damage before being found out.
Their behavior is often a "call for
help" rather than a deliberate plan to
harass someone or do them harm. In
this case, counseling is probably the
best protocol for treating the problem.
The Opportunist

The Opportunist uses physical

settings and circumstances, or
infrequently occurring
opportunities, to mask premeditated
or intentional sexual behavior
towards a target. This may involve
changing the environment in order
to minimize inhibitory effects of
the workplace or school
example: private meetings, one-
on- one "instruction," field trips,
conferences
 The Bully
In this case, sexual harassment is used
to punish the victim for some
transgression, such as rejection of the
harassers interest or advances, or
making the harasser feel insecure in
their own abilities.
The Bully will also target people
for
sexual harassment because of
perceived weakness, or for seeming to
be different.

Example:
homosexuals are often targeted for
sexual harassment because of their
orientation and lifestyle choices, as are
men who do not embody traditional
masculine stereotypes.
 The Confidante
This type of harasser approaches the
subordinate, or student, as an equal or a
friend. They will share about their own
life experiences and difficulties, and
invite the subordinate to share theirs. The
perpetrator may invent stories to win
admiration or sympathy. Their target may
feel valued and trusted, and will become
an involuntary confidante. “Without
genuine mutual agreement, the
relationship is moved into an intimate
domain,” from which the subordinate
may find it difficult to extricate
themselves.
 The Situational
Harasser
The type of harassment
usually occurs when the
perpetrator endures a
traumatic event, or begins to
experience very stressful life
situations, such as
psychological or medical
problems, marital problems,
or divorce. If the situation
changes, or the pressures are
removed, the harassment often
stops - but by then both victim
and harasser have been
harmed.
This is the stereotypical
"won't take 'no' for an
The Pest
answer" harasser who
persists in hounding a
target for attention and
dates even after persistent
rejections. In most cases,
this harasser has no
malicious intent and is
simply operating on the
principles that they will
eventually be able to
wear their target down,
and eventually get a
"yes."
 The Groper
The Groper is usually serial in his/her
attentions to colleagues, subordinates, or
students. Whenever the opportunity
presents itself - in the elevator, when
working late, at the office or department
party - the Groper's eyes and hands begin
to wander. Every birthday, farewell or
special occasion is also an opportunity to
insist on (usually begrudged) kisses or
hugs.

The Groper may try to mask inappropriate touching while ostensibly

providing instruction (e.g. "guiding" the target through a movement
exercise). A particularly aggressive Groper may go so far as to
act in public; but if not stopped, he/she is likely to try to go further in
private. If confronted, they will insist that the recipient likes and enjoys
these attentions; or even that the single and divorced people "need it".
The Great Gallant
This mostly verbal harassment
involves excessive compliments
and personal comments that are out
of place or embarrassing to the
recipient. While most men and
women appreciate recognition and
genuine compliments, these
comments focus on the appearance
and the sex of a worker or student,
rather than their abilities or
accomplishments. Such comments
are sometimes accompanied by
leering looks or an attitude of
"possessive pride." Although the
complimenter may see
himself/herself as gallant or
gracious, the recipient usually
experiences this as patronizing or
annoying, or both. The catcalls of
a street harasser is another type of
"Great Gallant" harassment.
 The Intellectual
Seducer
Most often found in a university or
classroom setting, this perpetrator will
try to use their knowledge and skills as
an avenue to gaining access to a
student, or information about a student,
for sexual purposes. A number of
disciplines, such as psychology,
women’s studies, sociology, and
philosophy, encourage students to
disclose information about themselves.
The teacher may require students
participate in exercises or "studies"
that reveal information about their
sexual preferences, experiences, and
habits.
Teachers can also use class content to
encourage a particular student to
seek them out.
 The Incompetent

These are socially inept individuals

who desire intimacy and the
attentions of their target, who does
not reciprocate these feelings. The
Incompetent often lacks sufficient
courting skills, and cannot engage
in "subdued, preliminary
interpersonal relations." At the
same time, they may also display a
sense of entitlement: believing
their target should feel flattered by
their attentions. When rejected,
this type of harasser may engage in
stalking, or use bullying methods
as a form of revenge.
RA
7877
RA 7877: Anti-Sexual Harassment Act
Republic Act No. 7877, otherwise known as the
Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995, is enacted
primarily to protect and respect the dignity of
workers, employees, and applicants for
employment as well as students in educational
institutions or training centers. This law,
consisting of ten (10) sections, provides for a
clear definition of work, education or training-
related sexual harassment and specifies the acts
constituting sexual harassment. It likewise
provides for the duties and liabilities of the
employer in cases of sexual harassment, and
sets
penalties for violations of its provisions. It is to
be noted that a victim of sexual harassment is
not barred from filing a separate and
independent action for damages and other relief
aside from filing the charge for
sexual harassment.
 Sec 3. B
In school, sexual harassment is
committed
• Against one who is under the care,custody or
the supervision of the offender
• Against one whose education,training,
apprenticeship or tutorship is entrusted to
the offender
• When the sexual favor is made a condition
for passing
• When the sexual advances result in an
intimidating
,hostile or offensive environment for the
student trainee or apprentice.