RASTRASANT TOKDOJI MAHARAJ NAGPUR

UNIVERSITY
JIVAN VIKAS MAHAVIDHYALA ,
THUGAON(DEVGRAM)
P.G. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SEMINAR ON
STEREOCHEMISTRY IN MAIN GROUP
COMPOUND
SUBMITTED BY
RITU RAMKUMAR SOMKUWAR
M.Sc SEMISTER 1ST
GUIDED BY
 VSEPR theory may be summarized as:
1) The shape of the molecule is determined by repulsions
between all of the electron pairs present in the valence shell.

2)A lone pair of electrons takes up more space around the

central atom than a bond pair. Three types of repulsion take
place between the electrons of a molecule:

The lone pair-lone pair repulsion (Ip-lp)

The lone pair-bonding pair repulsion (p-bp)
The bonding pair-bonding pair repulsion. (bp-bp)
 VSEPR THEORY

This theory was given by Gillespie and Nyholm.

According to this theory the geometry of a molecule
depends upon the number of bonding and non-bonding
electron pairs in the central atom. These arrange
themselves in such a way that there is a minimum
repulsion between them so that the molecule has
minimum energy (i.e. maximum stability).
The following rules have been reported by Gillespie to
explain the shape of some covalent molecules:

1. If the central atom of a molecule is surrounded only

by bonding electron pairs and not by non-bonding electron
pairs (lone pairs), the geometry of the molecule will be
regular. In other words we can say that the shape of
covalent molecule will be linear for 2 bonding electron
pairs, triangular for 3 bonding electron pairs. tetrahedral
for 4 bonding electron pairs, trigonal bipyramidal for 5
bonding electron pairs:
Name of Compound Bonding Electron Pairs Shape
BeCl2 2 Linear
BeCl3 3 Triangular Planar
SnCl4 4 Regular Tetrahedral
PC15 5 Trigonal bipyramidal
SF6 6 Regular Octahedral

2) When the central atom in a molecule is surrounded by both, bonding

electron pairs as well as by lone pairs, then molecule will not have a
regula rshape.
Limitations of VSEPR Theory
1.This theory is not able to predict the shapes of certain
transition element complexes.
2.This theory is unable to explain the shapes of certain
molecules with an inertpair of electrons.
3.This theory is unable to explain the shapes of molecules
having extensivedelocalised -electron system.
4.This theory can not explain the shapes of molecules which
have highly polarbonds.
Bent's Rule describes and explains the relationship between the orbital hybridisations of central atoms in
molecules and the electro-negativities of substituents. The rule was stated by Henry Bent as follows: "Atomic s
character concentrates in orbitals directed toward electro-positive substituents".

Bent's RuleIn
a molecule, smaller bond angles are formed between electronegative ligands since the central atom, to which the
ligands are attached, tends to direct bonding hybrid orbitals of greater character towards its more electronegative
subtitutes
O
H H

104.5

Structure of water illustrating how the bond angle deviates from the tetrahedral angle of 109.5".
The carbon atoms are directing sp, sp³, and sp orbitals towards the
hydrogen substituents. This simple system demonstrates that hybridised
atomic orbitals with higher p character will have a smaller angle between
them.
Short answer type questions
1.Write the statement of Bent's rule.
2.Write full form of acronym, VSEPR
Long answer typequestions
1. Discuss energetic of hybridization with suitable examples.
THANK YOU