Basic Referee Training Slides (S11-1)

AYSO Basic Referee
Training
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 5 - Stopping the Game 1
Basic Referee Training
• Introductions
• This class is an entry-level referee
training for volunteers wanting to officiate
U-10 or higher matches (Regional
Referees)
 U-8 games also covered
• Please legibly fill out:
 The Attendance Roster (left side info only)
 A Volunteer Application form
 Volunteer application must be completed by every
volunteer, each year
Survey & Exercise
• Survey: Previous Soccer

Experience
– Coaching?
– Playing?
– Refereeing?
• Ages You’ll Be Refereeing?
• Demonstration & Class Exercise
Course Topics & Agenda
This Evening Saturday
• The Game of Soccer • Fouls & Misconduct
• Understanding • Restarting the Game
– Throw-ins, Goal Kicks,
Younger Players Corner Kicks, Dropped
• Pre- & Post-game Ball, Free Kicks &
Duties Penalty Kicks
• Starting the Game • Offside
– The Kick Off • Referee & AR
• Stopping the Game Mechanics
– Ball Out of Play • Coaching Concepts
– Substitutions • Wrap Up
• Safe Haven – Take Exam
– For those who need it – Provide Referee
Equipment
Lesson 1
The Game of Soccer
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 1 - The Game of Soccer 6
AYSO Organization
• AYSO is a Volunteer-Driven
Organization
– 99.9% staff nationwide are not paid
• Local staff is all volunteer
– Founded in 1964 in the L.A. Area
– Today Nationwide: 50,000+ teams;
600,000+ players
• Purpose: To develop and deliver quality
youth soccer in a fun, family
environment
The AYSO Organization
Levels & Structure
National
(National BOD, National Offices, Commissions)
S Section S
A Area A A
R R Region R R
Local region is in Area C, Area C is in Section 12
AYSO Philosophies
Open Registration
Balanced Teams
Everyone Plays
Positive Coaching
Good Sportsmanship
Player Development
AYSO Philosophies
Open Registration
Our program is open to all children between
4 and 19 years of age who want to register
and play soccer. Interest and enthusiasm
are the only criteria for playing.
Some of our regions even have a VIP Program that

provides a quality soccer experience for those
with physical or mental disabilities.
AYSO Philosophies
Balanced Teams
Each year we form new teams as evenly

balanced as possible – because it is
fair and more fun when teams of equal
ability play.
AYSO Philosophies
Everyone Plays
Our program’s goal is for kids to play

soccer – so we mandate that every player
on every team must play at least half of
every game.
AYSO Philosophies
Positive Coaching
Encouragement of player effort provides

for greater enjoyment by the players and
ultimately leads to better-skilled and
better-motivated players.
OSITIVE
NSTRUCTION and PIE
NCOURAGEMENT
AYSO Philosophies
Good Sportsmanship
We strive to create a positive
environment based on mutual respect
rather than a win-at-all-costs attitude,
and our program is designed to instill
good sportsmanship in every facet of
AYSO.
AYSO Philosophies
Player Development
We believe that all players should be
able to develop their soccer skills and
knowledge to the best of their abilities,
both individually and as members of a
team, in order to maximize their
enjoyment of the game.
AYSO Philosophies
Open Registration
Balanced Teams
Everyone Plays
Positive Coaching
Good Sportsmanship
Player Development
The AYSO Team
ES
PA
RE
RE
FE
NT
KIDS
RE
COACHES S
AYSO Team Rules
Work Together
PA
EE
Help Each Other
R
R
EN
FE
KIDS
TS
RE
Protect Each Other
COACHES
Do Our Best
History of the Game
• Soccer is known as Football outside
the USA
• Earliest “organized” game was
called Calcio, played by the Romans
Back then the

game was a bit
rough
History of the Game
The modern game dates

from 1863 when the Laws
of the Game (Game Rules)
were established at a
London pub
Two factions split from one another.

One was Rugby,
the other was Football (soccer)
History of the Game
FIFA (Federation International de
Football Association) governs the
worldwide game
USSF (United States Soccer

Federation) is the national
governing body
AYSO is a National
Association member of USSF
Spirit of the Game
• Soccer as a World Sport
– Widely Considered the Most Popular
Game in the World
– Played in Nearly Every Nation
• Simple Game
– Bare Requirements: Ball & Open Area
• Over-riding Spirit is Fair Play
• Spirit embodied in the “Laws of the
Game”
Spirit of the Laws
The Laws of the Game can be

summarized in three simple words:
Fun
Fair
Safe
The Referee’s Job
• Keep the game safe and in control
• Keep the game flowing
– Soccer is a continuous action sport
– Don’t stop play unless needed
• Don’t be afraid to stop play when needed
• Provide positive instruction
– You are a teacher of the game and the
laws
– Enjoy your time on the field
Philosophy of Refereeing
• In the younger players’ games, the

referee is more of a friendly guide
than policeman
• Young players should never be

subjected to public humiliation
Check for Learning
What acronym is used to describe
how coaches are to behave with their
players?
PIE
What does this acronym stand for?

Positive
Instructional
Encouraging
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 26
Check for Learning
How many members are on the
AYSO Team?
THREE
Name two of the four AYSO Team

rules.
Work together, Help each other,
Protect each other, Do their best

Check for Learning
How many Philosophies does AYSO
have?
SIX
Name four of them.
Open Registration, Balanced Teams,
Everyone Plays, Positive Coaching,
Good Sportsmanship, Player
Development

Check for Learning
Which AYSO team member is the
foundation of the program?
The Coach
What three words embody the

Spirit of the Laws of the Game?
Fun Fair Safe

Check for Learning
Should a young player who

misbehaves be publicly disciplined
as an example?
No

Lesson 2
Understanding
Younger Players
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 2 - Understanding Younger Players 31
Physical Characteristics of U-8
Players
Plays hard and works at playing
hard
Sense of timing is developing
Eye-hand coordination has
improved
Agility and endurance much better
than U-6. U-8 players can now
balance on one foot
Social & Emotional
Characteristics of U-8 Players
Starting to define likes and dislikes

Friendship is important
“Play” needs a purpose
Afraid of failure
Need for honesty training
Starting to compare self to others
Social & Emotional
Characteristics of U-8
Players
Self-esteem and self concept a big
issue
Becoming more outgoing
Peer acceptance is very important
Quick to tattle
Cooperative with adults
Interested in belonging to group
Thought & Cognitive
Players
Beginning to understand moral rules
of behavior
Can solve some problems
Starting to grasp the Team concept
Understands the viewpoint of others
Thought & Cognitive
Characteristics of U-8 Players
Needs concrete reinforcement

Treats every little mistake as a
major crime
Rigidly interprets ideas of
justice and fair play
Physical Characteristics of
U-10 Players
More interested in competitive

activities
More interested in improving skills
Attention span is increasing
May accept a physical touch, but
some will begin to reject it
Social & Emotional
Players
Group acceptance is important
Wants to be liked
Feelings are easily hurt
May blame others to explain their
own mistakes
Needs reinforcement
Thought & Cognitive
Players
Can recall details with accuracy
Can understand the concept of cause
and effect
Enjoys attention but their reaction to
praise may be more subdued
Still takes what is said quite literally
Understanding
Younger Players
What are the

implications for
how we officiate
these games?
Dealing with
Coaches/Spectators
• Use the AYSO Team concept to enlist
ES
PA
RE
cooperation
R
FE
EN
RE
TS
KIDS
• Remain calm and professional
– Maintain control of your emotions COACHES
• Intervene early to prevent escalation

– A brief word or look can defuse a bad situation
• Keep adults focused on

creating an enjoyable
experience for the players
Lesson 3
Pre-game and
Post-game
Duties
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 3 - Pre-game and Post Game Duties 42
Field of Play
Halfway Line
Corner Halfway
Flag Flag
Penalty Goal
Area Goal
Area
Penalty
Arc
Goal Line
Penalty
Mark
Center
Corner Circle
Arc
Touch Line
U-12+ Field Dimensions
(Regulation AYSO Field Size)
Halfway Line Flag
Regulation Field Size: 1 Yard from Touch Line
• Length: 100-130 Yds
• Width: 50-100 Yds Penalty Area: 18 x 44 Yards
The “18 Yard Line”
• Field is rectangular
(longer than it is wide) Goal Area: 6 x 20 Yds.
The “6 Yard Line”

Goal mouth:
8 Yards wide
by 8 Feet high
10 Yard Radius
12 Yards
Flag height:
5 Feet minimum 1 Yard Radius
U-10 Field Dimensions
• U-10 field and area dimensions are
sized down from a regulation field
– Designated field size: 80 x 40 yards
Penalty Area:
14 x 30 Yards
Goal Area:
Goal mouth 6 x 15 Yards
7 yards wide
by 7 feet high
8 Yard Radius
10 Yards
U-8 Field Areas &
Dimensions
• Designated U-8 Field Size: 50 x 25 yards
• No penalty areas, penalty marks or
penalty arcs
Goal mouth:
6 yards wide
6 Yard
by
Radius
~ 6 feet high
Goal Area:
6 x 12 Yards
Pre-Game Duties
At pre-game you should…
• Arrive early
• Greet coaches
– Get line-up card from each coach,
and ball from home team coach
• Recruit & Brief ARs or linesmen
• Inspect field, ball and players
• Talk Briefly to players
• Conduct coin toss
Pre-game: Arrive
Early
• Arrive at least 15 minutes prior
to game time
– 20-30 minutes if first game of the
day
• In proper uniform
Pre-game: Arrive with
Required Equipment
Field Inspection
• Ensure the field is safe for play.
• Inspect the field and look for…
– Foreign objects on or near field.
• Broken glass, debris, etc...
– Sprinklers or holes in the field.
• These can be marked with cones
obtained from coaches. If cones
are unavailable, consider using a
jacket or sweater.
Field Inspection:
Goal Structures
• Inspect goalposts,
crossbars and nets
– They can be a common
source of injury.
– Damaged goalposts or
crossbars cannot be used until they are
fixed.
– Do not let children play on the goalposts
or crossbars
– If portable goals, must be secured to
prevent tipping
Dealing with Unsafe
Fields
If you find something unsafe, either…
1) Find a way to make it safe (preferred),
or
2) Cancel the match & take the field off-
line
• Have the home team take the equipment
• Contact regional authorities (e.g.
Regional Commissioner and Safety
Director)
Inspect The Ball
Ensure the ball is suitable for
play Age Group Ball Size
• Proper Size
U-8 and younger Size 3
• Properly Inflated
– Can hurt players U-10 & U-12 Size 4
if over or under U-14 and older Size 5
inflated
– Thumb pressure should dent ball ¼” to ½”
• Spherical and Balanced
• No tears or cuts
Player’s Equipment
Basic Compulsory Player Equipment
• Shirt (Jersey)
• Shorts
• Stockings
• Shinguards
• Shoes (Footwear)
Player Equipment
Check
• Check all players at pre-game
– Verify compulsory equipment is worn and safe
– Check late arriving players before they enter
the game
• Socks must completely cover shinguards
• Shoes needs to be suitable for play

– But not necessarily soccer shoes
Player Jerseys
• Should be tucked in
• Worn with numbers visible
– On cold days warm-ups may be worn
underneath jersey
• Colors should contrast between
teams
– If team jerseys too similar, home team
should wear pinnies
– Goalkeeper’s jersey color should
contrast with player jerseys from both
teams
Player Equipment Check:
Prohibited Items
• Players may not wear anything which is
dangerous to another player (or to themselves)
• No watches or jewelry
Jewelry includes
 Earrings  Barrettes
 Finger rings  Bobby pins
 Nose studs  Hair ties w/
 Bracelets hard pieces
 Necklaces  Rubber wrist bands
– Taping or covering jewelry is not permitted
• This includes earrings
Items Prohibited and
Allowed for Players
• Items not considered jewelry:
– Prescription eye glasses,
– Medic alerts bracelets/necklaces,
– Hearing aids
• No splints or casts - even if
padded!
– Knee or ankle braces are permitted if
they don’t have hard parts
• No hard-billed hats
– Stocking caps are permitted
Lineup Cards
Red Jersey s 1st H KO West
• One card received
104 U10B 552 9/ 13/ 06
from coach of each
Vipers 558
team at pre-game
Amy Jones Tom S mith
Coach Completes:
• All information at top
2 Mark S mith x
• Player #’s & names
32 JMark
ames SS
Mark mith
mith
Allen | xx x
• Who’s not playing that
4 3 EricJJames
ames Allen
Allen
Garcia || x xx
day and why
64 Eric
J
Eric Garcia
ohnGarcia
Jones | || xx x
Referee Records: 76 JJohn
Rick ohnThompson
JJones
ones || || || xx
• Any reminders 8 7--------------------------
RickRichards
Kirk
Rick Thompson Out S ick ---------------
Thompson X
• Tally of goals scored 98 Kirk Richards
Michael
Kirk Richards
Phillips XX X
• “Qtrs.” not played 109 Michael Hunter
Thomas
Michael Phillips
Phillips | X XX
10 ZThomas
1110 Thomas Hunter
ack McDonald
Hunter || X
X
11 Eric
1211 ZZ ack
ack
S enaMcDonald
McDonald | X
12
12 Eric SS ena
Eric ena || X
X
Back Side of Lineup Card
After game, referee completes back of the card
9/ 13/ 06 9 am Conchas Good
• Transfer halftime & final 552, Red/ White 558, Yellow/ Black
scores from front side of 2-1 552 6 -2 552
both cards
• Rate behavior of 

coaches, players & 
Katie S tanford 555 -1234
spectators
• Print Your Name & Phone
• Commentary if needed
– Injuries and what player Game started 10 minutes late due to missing
– Problems with weather, nets and corner flags
field or behavior of
individuals (who, what &
when)
• Sign Card (at bottom, not
shown)
Post Game Duties
After the game…
• Collect the ball
– Return to home team
• Supervise the post game ceremony
– Watch to see that players are behaving as
good sports
• Conduct a post game conference with
assistant referees
• Complete and sign lineup cards
– Send them to (or leave for) the regional
commissioner or his/her designee
Check for Learning
Find the problems in

this picture (9 in all)
Problems
1. Watch
2. Earrings
3. Cast
4. Hood over Numbers
5. Shinguards over Sock
6. Ring on Finger
7. Necklace
8. Barrette
9. Untucked Jersey

Check for Learning
As the referee, you should cancel the

game if you notice that the field markings
are not correct. (True/False)
False
It’s alright for players to wear earrings in
games provided the earrings are
sufficiently covered by tape. (True/False)
False

>> Break Time <<
10 Minutes Please
• Instructors will collect your volunteer forms.
– Please ensure that this form is completed with your
Driver’s License # and SSN provided, the disclosure
questions answered and the form signed.
– ID check is required.
• Also, please fill out the Referee Attendance

Roster form and the Referee Contact
Information Card if you haven’t done so yet.
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - AYSO Region 104 64

Lesson 4
Starting the Game
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 4 - Starting the Game 65
Coin Toss
• Visiting team gets to call the toss
• Winner of toss chooses end of field
to attack
• Other team gets to kick off first
– Record on lineup card the team and
direction of 1st half kick-off
• In 2nd half, the teams switch ends
of the field.
– Team that didn’t kick off at the
beginning of the game kicks off to
begin the 2nd half.
Coin Toss and Kick Off
Direction Example
The red team wins the coin toss and they
pick direction of attack to the east.
The blue team 1st Half

then kicks off to
the west to start W E
the game.
2nd Half
To start the 2nd half, the red team kicks

off, also to the west.
Number of Players
• Regulation AYSO matches (U-14+) have 11
players-a-side and a minimum of 7
– U-12 and younger play short-sided games
Maximum on Minimum
Age Group
Field (#-a-side) for Match
U-8 5 3
U-10 7 5
U-12 9 6
U-14 and older 11 7
• A team must have at least the minimum
number of players on the field for game to
start or continue
Policy for Lending Players
in Games
• If a team has fewer than a full side
(e.g. 5 players for a U-10 game),
the coach from the full-sided team
(7 or more) may lend one or more
players to the other team.
Starting the Game
Just prior to kick-off, you should…
• Have your required items
• Ensure ball is on the center circle mark
• Count players and ensure they’re ready
• Blow whistle for kick to be taken
• Start watch
The Kick Off
• Where:
– At mark in the Center Circle
• When:
– At start of game,
– Start of 2nd half, and
– After each goal scored
Kick-Off Player Location
• All players must be on their own half
A D D
A D
A D
A
D
A
A
A
D
A D D
• Defenders must be 10 yards from the ball

– 8 yards for U-10
Kick-Off Procedure
• Ball stationary
• Referee whistles
• In play when kicked and moves
forward
– If beginning of 1st or 2nd half, clock
starts when ball is put into play
Improper Kick Offs
• Retake If Not Done Correctly:
– Ball kicked backwards
– Non-kicking player encroaches prior to
kick
• Examples: a player from either team crosses
halfway line, or a player from non-kicking team
enters center circle prior to kick-off
• Play stopped at referee’s discretion
• Indirect Free Kick to opposing team
if played twice by same player
– This is the “Double Touch” rule
• Applies to all restarts except the dropped ball
Time Keeping
• Referee is sole timekeeper

• Halves are timed
• Time officially starts at the
opening kick-off when ball is
kicked forward
• No timeouts
Time Keeping Specifics
• Allow for substitutions approx.
midway through the half
• Account for time lost due to
substitutions
– Either stop your watch during the
substitution break, or add time at the end
of the half
• When time runs out in the half, blow
your whistle
– 2x to end half, 3x to end game
– Play stops the moment the whistle blows
Game Duration
by Age Group
• Game comprised of two equal halves
Age Half • Half-time periods
Group Length are at least 5
U-8 20 minutes minutes and not
U-10 25 minutes longer than 10
minutes
U-12 30 minutes
• Length of halves
U-14 35 minutes
may be altered
U-16 40 minutes
for tournament or
U-19 45 minutes competition play
Check for Learning
The team that wins the coin toss chooses

__________________ ?
Which goal to attack
Where should the players be on a kick-off?
Each team should be in its own half of the
field. The team not taking the kick-off must
be outside the center circle.
(6 yards for U-8, 8 yards for U-10, 10 yards
otherwise)

Check for Learning
How should play be restarted if a player

kicks the ball backward on a kick-off?
Retake the kick-off
What should you do if on a kick-off, a player

touches the ball a second time before it has
been touched by another player?
Whistle to stop play and grant an indirect
free kick to the opposing team.
(If U-8 or younger, a direct free kick.)

Lesson 5
Stopping the Game
Stopping the Game
There are seven reasons to stop
play:
1. Ball goes out of play
2. The referee deems it necessary
3. Goal is scored
4. Foul is committed
5. Injury
6. Substitution
7. Halftime / End of Game
Ball In and Out of Play
The lines of the field are part of the

area they define
In Play
In Play Touch line or
IN goal line
OUT
Either in the air or In Play
on the ground Out of Play
Ball Out of Play
The ball is out of play in two
ways:
1. The ball leaves the field of play
(completely over the outer edge of
the touch line or goal line),
or
2. The game is stopped by the
referee (i.e. you blow your whistle).
Ball In Play
• The ball is in all other times
• Ball remains in play even when
it:
– Rebounds off the neutral field object
(goal post, corner flag, etc.) and back
onto the field
– Touches the referee (provided it
hasn’t left the field of play)
Ball In/Out of Play:
Ball vs. Player Position
The ball’s position determines
whether it is in or out of play…
… Not the player’s position

Method of Scoring
• Play is stopped when a goal is scored
• For a goal to be No Goal
scored: the ball must No Goal

entirely cross over
the goal line GOAL!!!
• It must also go
between the goalposts No Goal
and beneath the
crossbar
Specifics Related to
Goals Scored
• It does not matter which team put
it there -- own goals count
• Referee signals a goal scored by
pointing toward the center circle
– The restart is a kick-off
Stopping Play for Injuries
• If a player gets
injured you may stop
play immediately or
anytime
• If bleeding or serious injury:

– Beckon the coach on to the field to
attend to injured player
– The player must leave the field
– The team may either substitute or play
short (provided at or above minimum #
of players)
Restarting Play
After an Injury
• If the ball was on the field of play at
the time of the whistle, restart with
a dropped ball
– Otherwise restart based on how the
ball went out of play
AYSO Substitutions
• In accordance with the AYSO
National Rules and Regulations
there are 4 regular substitution
opportunities:
1. Approximately midway through the
1st half
2. At half time
3. Approximately midway through the
2nd half
4. For an injured player
Specifics Related to AYSO
Substitutions
• Look for events when the ball goes
out of play to do the substitution
– Throw-ins, goal kicks, and prior to kick-
offs are ideal
– Stop play and call “Substitutions” to
coaches
• Late arriving players must play at
least:
– Two quarters if they arrive in 1st “Qtr.”
– One quarter if they arrive in 2nd or 3rd
“Qtr.”
When To Whistle
• Needed to stop play for …
– A foul or infraction
– Interruption due to injury or outside event
– A substitution break
– Ending the half or the game
• To start or restart play …
– At kick-offs, penalty kicks or ceremonial
free kicks
– After a substitution break to signal the
game’s restart
• To get player’s attention
When Not to Whistle
Whistle NOT needed:
• To stop play for normal ball-out-of-
play situations (ball over touch line
or goal line)
• To restart play from a free kick, goal
kick, corner kick or throw-in
– Exception: Restarting the game after a
sub-break
• After a goal is scored
Check for Learning
How many substitution opportunities

are there in a regulation match?
Four
Name them
Approx. midway through the 1st half
Halftime
Approx. midway through the 2nd half
For an injured player

Check for Learning
Is this ball IN or OUT of play?
Out Field of
Play
In Play!!

Check for Learning
If the boundary line of the field is a
rut in the grass and the ball gets
caught in the rut as it rolls, is it in
play?
Yes. The lines are a part of the area
they define. The ball remains in
play until the entire ball crosses the
entire line.

Check for Learning
According to the National Rules and

Regulations, what is the minimum
amount of time each team member
must play?
Half the game (two “quarters”)

Check for Learning
When can the referee stop play for an

injury?
Immediately or Anytime
A player dribbling the ball steps over

the line. Play should be stopped.
(True/False)
False.
It’s the position of the ball (not the player) that
determines whether the ball is in play or not.

Check for Learning
The ball rolls slowly toward the goal and

stops before completely crossing the goal
line. The players all stop and look at you.
As referee, what should you do?
A. Say, “Keep playing! It didn't go all the way
into the goal.”
B. Say, “No goal!” Restart with a goal kick.
C. Say nothing. The coaches and parents will
tell the kids what to do.

Lesson 6
Fouls & Misconduct –
Basic
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 6 - Fouls & Misconduct – Basic 100
Fouls
• What is a foul?
An unfair or unsafe action …
committed by a player ...
against an opponent or the opposing team …
on the field of play…
while the ball is in play.
– Acts specified in Law 12
• For U-8 and younger, the primary
consideration for stopping play is whether
the foul causes danger to, or lessens the
enjoyment of, any of the participants.
DFK and IFK Fouls
• Separated into two types:
– More serious fouls are Direct Free Kick
Fouls (penal fouls)
– Less serious fouls are Indirect Free
Kick Fouls (non-penal fouls)
• For U-8 and younger, fouls of both
types result in a direct free kick to
the opponents.
Direct Free Kick Fouls
• The Direct Free Kick (DFK) fouls
are punished by stopping play and
awarding the opposing team a
direct free kick from the place
where the foul occurred.
– A Penalty Kick (PK) is award if the
DFK foul occurs in the penalty area by
a defender
The 10 Direct Free Kick
Fouls
The following 7 offenses are DFK fouls, if
they are committed in a manner the
referee considers to be careless,
reckless, or involving excessive force:
 Kicking an opponent *  Charging an
opponent
 Tripping an opponent *
 Pushing an
 Striking an opponent * opponent
 Jumping at an opponent  Tackling an
opponent
* Also includes the attempt

The 10 Direct Free Kick
Fouls (cont’d)
The following 3 offenses are also DFK
fouls, if they are committed by a
player:
 Holding an opponent
 Spitting at an opponent
 Handling the ball deliberately (except for
the goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
Common DFK Fouls
The six most frequently seen DFK
fouls in U-10 and younger games:
 Pushing an opponent,
 Tripping an opponent,
 Holding an opponent,
 Kicking an opponent,
 Charging an opponent (unfairly) and,
 Deliberately handles the ball
DFK Foul:
Pushing an Opponent
• Young players commonly push
opponents to get to the ball or gain
an advantage.
• Pushing is not allowed, even when
players use something beside their
hands.
DFK Foul:
Tripping an Opponent
• A common foul in the
younger divisions.
• Any time tripping occurs
there is an element of
carelessness or
recklessness involved.
• Referees should be sure that players

did not trip over the ball, or their own
feet
Deliberately
DFK Foul:
Handling the Ball
• It is a DFK foul if a player (other than a
goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
deliberately strikes, deflects, or holds the
ball with the hands or arms.
• For the purpose of judging handling, the
“hand” extends from the fingertips to the
corner of the shoulder (arm-torso joint)
• Attempting to handle the ball is not a
foul.
DFK Foul: Deliberately
Handling the Ball (cont’d)
• If the ball strikes the player’s hands or
arms, no offense has occurred because
the player has not deliberately handled
the ball.
• Referees can promote a better
understanding of this foul by consistently
using the correct term “handles the ball
deliberately” or “deliberately handling
the ball”, not handball
DFK Foul:
Holding an Opponent
• Holding any part of an opponent
may give a player an unfair
advantage
• It is illegal to hold with the hands
or any parts of the body.
DFK Foul: Unfairly
Charging an Opponent
• Fair charges are allowed and are
defined as a brief, staccato,
shoulder-to-shoulder bumps.
• Charges are illegal if they are hard,
reckless, or to a part of the body
other than the opponent’s
shoulders.
The 3 Indirect Free Kick Fouls
Committed by Any Player
An IFK is awarded to the opposing
team if a player, in the opinion of the
referee, commits the following:
 Playing in a dangerous manner
 Impeding the progress of an opponent
 Preventing the goalkeeper from releasing
the ball from his hands
IFK Foul Committed by Any
Player: Dangerous Play
• Plays in a dangerous manner
– Also known as “Dangerous Play”
– Specific acts include…
• A high kick near an opponent
• A low header near an opponent’s kick
• A player lying on the ground that is
continuously trying to kick the ball
away from an opponent
– This is the most common IFK foul
for younger players
IFK Fouls Committed by
Any Player (cont’d)
• Impedes the progress of an
opponent
– Known as “Impeding”
– Not the same as shielding the ball
• Prevents the goalkeeper from
releasing the ball from his hands
The 4 Indirect Free Kick Fouls
Committed by the Goalkeeper
An IFK is awarded to the opposing team if
a goalkeeper, inside his own penalty area,
commits any of the following 4 offenses:
 Takes more than 6 seconds while
controlling the ball with his hands,
before releasing it from his possession
 Touches the ball again with his hands
after it has been released from his
possession and has not touched any
other player
IFK Fouls Committed by the
Goalkeeper (cont’d)
 Touches the ball with his hands after it

has been deliberately kicked to him by a
teammate
– For youth play, this does not include a
defender’s miss-kicked ball that is handled by
the goalkeeper
 Touches the ball with his hands after he
has received it directly from a throw-in
taken by a teammate
Referee’s Responsibilities
from the AYSO Rules & Regs
• Referees shall at all times impose the Rules &
Regulations of competition as defined by AYSO
and the FIFA Laws of the Game in general.
• Referees shall at all times put great emphasis on
the welfare of the players and officiate the game
in a manner inducing clean competition and good
sportsmanship.
• The goalkeeper shall not be harassed or
interfered with while attempting to put the ball in
play.
– It is the duty of referees to protect the goalkeeper
against dangerous play.
Game Control and
Fair Play
Too Too
Few Fun, Fair & Safe Many
Calls Calls
Unsafe or Not
Unfair Fun
Misconduct
Misconduct also divided into two
types:
• Actions which are cautioned and the
yellow card shown
• Behaviors for which the player must
be sent off and shown the red card
and not allowed to participate
further in the match.
Cautionable Misconduct
A player is cautioned and shown the yellow card
if he commits any of the following 7 offenses:
1. Unsporting behavior
*
2. Showing dissent by word or action

*
3. Persistently infringing the Laws of the Game

4. Delaying the restart of play
*
5. Failure to respect the required distance when

play is restarted with a corner kick, free kick or
throw-in
6. Entering/re-entering the field of play without
permission
7. Leaving the field of play without permission
* These 3 offenses also apply to substitutes or substituted
players
Send-Off Misconduct
A player, substitute or substituted player is sent
off and shown the red card if he commits any of
the following 7 offenses:
1. Serious foul play
2. Violent conduct
3. Spitting at an opponent or any other person
4. Denying a goal or an obvious goal-scoring opportunity
by deliberately handling the ball (this does not apply to
a goalkeeper within his own penalty area)
5. Denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to an
opponent moving towards the player’s goal by an
offense punishable by a free kick or a penalty kick.
6. Using offensive, insulting, or abusive language and/or
gestures
7. Receiving a second caution in the same match.
With the exception of ‘serious foul play’, all apply to
substitutes or substituted players
Restart after a
Caution or Send Off
• When play is stopped for a caution or
send off and another restart (such as a
DFK) is not specified by the Laws, the
restart is an indirect free kick for the
opponents.
• If the referee waits until the ball is out of
play to caution or send off a player, play
is restarted according to the way the ball
went out of play.
Caution/Send Off
Mechanics
• When a player is cautioned or sent
off, the card must be shown.
• The referee holds the appropriate
card at arm’s length directly above
his/her own head.
U-10 Games:
Misconduct is Rare
U-10 players should not be cautioned or
sent off (or shown cards) except under
extreme conditions.
• When misconduct
does occur, most of
the time you can
deal with it
informally without
showing cards.
• If possible, talk with the offending
player early in the match
“Misconduct” by Others
Coaches and spectators can be warned
and even dismissed from the game.
But they must never

be shown the red or
yellow card.
Check for Learning
Name the two types of fouls.

Direct Free Kick Fouls
Indirect Free Kick Fouls
Why are the fouls given these names?

They are named for the way play is
restarted after the referee has
stopped play because of the foul.
Check for Learning
What Indirect Free Kick foul is most

often seen in U-10 games?
Playing in a dangerous manner
(or Dangerous Play)
Check for Learning
What kind of foul is:
Handling the ball deliberately?
Direct Free Kick Foul
What kind of foul is:

Pushing an opponent?
Direct Free Kick Foul
Check for Learning
If a player tries to hit an opponent
but misses, can the referee still call a
foul?
Yes. Even the attempt to strike an
opponent can be a foul.
Check for Learning
What are the six Direct Free Kick fouls
most often seen in U-10 games?
Kicking an opponent
Tripping an opponent
Pushing an opponent
Holding an opponent
Unfairly charging an opponent
Handling the ball deliberately
Check for Learning
The ball bounces up and hits a player
in the arm. Is this a foul?
No
A player that’s lying on the ground

kicks at the ball. No one else is
near. Is this dangerous play?
No
Check for Learning
A player does a high kick very close

to the head of an opponent. What
foul was committed?
Playing in a dangerous manner
What’s the restart?

An indirect free kick
Check for Learning
As referee, you think a foul may have
occurred but you’re not sure. Should
you stop play?
No
A U-10 player is guilty of one of the
types of Misconduct. Should the player
be shown the yellow or red card?
Typically Not.
The referee has the authority to show the card, but
should work together with the coach to resolve the
matter without displaying a card.
Check for Learning
A coach is behaving badly and the referee
elects to dismiss the coach from the field.
If the coach’s conduct is very bad, the
referee may show the coach the red card.
False. Cards are solely for the players.

Coaches/Spectators are NEVER
to be shown the cards.
Lesson 7a
Restarting the Game:
Throw-ins, Goal Kicks,
Corner Kicks & The
Dropped Ball
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 7a - Restarting the Game: TI, GK, CK & DB 137
Eight Restarts in
Soccer
• Kick Off (KO)
• Throw In (TI)
• Goal Kick (GK)
• Corner Kick (CK)
• Dropped Ball (DB)
• Direct Free Kick (DFK)
• Indirect Free Kick (IFK)
• Penalty Kick (PK)
The Throw-In
A throw-in is taken to restart the game
after the ball goes out of play over the
touch line.
• Awarded to the opponents of the team who
last touched the ball.
– May be taken by any player on that team,
including the goalkeeper
• Referee signals by pointing in
the direction of attack for the
team getting the throw-in
– For U-8, reinforce with verbal
cues: “It’s a throw-in for the
Red Dragons”
Proper Throw-in Location
• Throw-ins are taken from the
approximate point where the ball
crossed the touch line
– No more than 1 yard either way along
touch line
– Throw-ins about to be taken more than
a yard from this point can be managed
by the referee prior to the throw
Legal Throw-In
Requirements
At the moment of delivering the ball, the thrower
must: TOUCH LINE
 Face the field of play

 Have part of each foot
touching the ground,
either on or behind the
touch line
 Use both hands to deliver
the ball from behind and
over the head
Position of feet only relevant at
time of release
Throw-In Specifics
• If improper throw-in, the opposing
team is given a throw-in at same
location
– For U-8, allow second attempts
• All opponents must be at least 2 yards
from the thrower until the ball is in
play
• Ball is in play as soon as it is released
and any portion of it is on or over the
outside edge of the touch line.
– If the ball fails to enter the field of play, the
throw-in is retaken.
Throw-In Specifics
• Once the ball is in play the thrower
may not touch it a second time until
it has touched another player.
– If so, it results in a IFK for the
opponents at the spot of the second
touch.
– For U-8, a DFK to the opponents
regardless of the type of double touch
• A goal may not be scored directly
from a throw-in.
The Goal Kick
When the ball leaves the field over the
goal line, last touched by an attacker,
and does not score a goal, the restart
is a goal kick
• Referee signals by
pointing toward the goal
area.
Goal Kick Ball Placement
• The kicking team may place the ball
anywhere in the goal area, including
on the boundary lines
Goal Kick Specifics
• Opponents of the kicker must move
outside the penalty area.
– For U-8, at least 6 yards away from the ball
• Ball must be stationary at the time of
kick
• The ball is in play when it is kicked
directly out of the penalty area without
being touched or played by any other
player
– For U-8, the ball is in play when it is kicked
and leaves the goal area
Goal Kick Specifics
• The kicker may not touch the ball a
second time until it has touched
another player.
– If so, free kick for the opponents at
the spot of the 2nd touch.
• A goal may be scored directly from
a goal kick, but only against the
opponents, i.e. no “own goals” on
goal kicks
Goal Kick Infringements
(U-10 & above)
• If anyone plays the ball, or the kicker
kicks the ball again, before it leaves the
penalty area, the kick has not been
properly taken and must be retaken.
– The ball was never put into play! It is like the
kick did not happen!
• After the ball leaves the penalty area the
kicker may still not touch the ball a
second time until it has touched another
player.
– Results in an IFK for the opponents at the
spot of the second touch
The Corner Kick
When the ball leaves the field over the goal line
without scoring a goal and was last touched by
a defender, the restart is a corner kick
• Referee signals by
pointing toward
the corner where
the kick is to be
taken
– Corner nearest to
the point where
the ball went out.
Corner Kick Ball
Placement
• The ball can be

placed anywhere
in the corner arc
including on the
boundary lines
Corner Kicks Specifics
• Opponents of the kicker must remain the
prescribed distance or more away from
the ball until it is kicked into play
• The ball is in play when it is kicked and
moves.
• The kicker may not touch the ball a
second time until it has touched another
player.
• A goal may be scored directly from a
corner kick, but only against the
opponents.
The Dropped Ball
When play is stopped by the referee for
an unusual but neutral reason, play is
restarted by the referee dropping the
ball.
• Assumes that the ball was in play
when the referee stopped play
Reasons for Doing a
Dropped Ball
• An injury
• A dog on the field
• A stray ball from a
nearby game
• A mistaken whistle
• Any other occasion when

play is stopped for any
reason other than the ball
leaving the field of play or
an infraction of the laws
Dropped Ball Procedure
• The referee drops the ball where it was
when play was stopped
Exception: If in the goal area, the referee drops the
ball at the nearest point on the goal area line that
is parallel to the goal line.
• The ball is dropped from the height of a
player’s waist and is in play when it hits
the ground.
• If a player kicks the ball before it hits the
ground, the ball must be dropped again
– Play has not been restarted properly.
Check for Learning
What is the restart if play is stopped for…
…the ball leaving the field of play over goal
line, last touched by a defender (no score)?
Corner Kick
…the ball leaving the field over touch line?
Throw-in
…an injury while the ball is in play?
A dropped ball
Check for Learning
What is the restart if play is stopped for…
…the ball leaving the field over the goal line,
into the goal, last touched by a defender?
(assumes no prior foul/infraction by
A kick off attacking team)
…the ball leaving the field over the goal line
(no score), last touched by an attacker?
A goal kick
… substitutions? (bonus question)
The normal restart based on how play was
stopped for substitution
Check for Learning
Is this ball legally

placed for a corner
kick?
Yes
Check for Learning
When dropping the ball, the referee
should hold it at waist height.
Whose waist?
The players’
Do corner kicks need to leave the
corner arc before the ball in play?
No. The ball just needs to move
from the kick
Lesson 7b
Restarting the Game:
Free Kicks & Penalty
Kicks
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 7b - Restarting the Game: FKs & PKs 159
Free Kicks
• A Free Kick results from fouls or
other infractions
• Two types of free kicks: Direct Free
Kicks (DFK) and Indirect Free Kicks
(IFK).
– A DFK is where a goal is scored if the
ball is kicked directly into the
opponents goal.
– An IFK must touch two players (kicker
and another player) before a goal is
scored.
Direct Free Kicks
• A Direct Free Kick (DFK) results
from a DFK foul
• Referee points in the
direction of attack for the
kicking team
– For younger players,
reinforce with verbal
directions: Briefly explain
what the foul was and which
team gets to take the kick
Indirect Free Kicks
• Result from a IFK foul or other infraction
– Examples: Playing in a Dangerous Manner,
Impeding an Opponent, Offside, etc.
• Signal by raising arm straight

up in the air
– Should momentarily point in the
direction of attack for the kicking
team
– Arm should remain up after kick
until the ball is touched by
another player or goes out of play
Free Kicks in General
In most cases a Free Kick (either type):
• Is taken from the location of the foul
• Is in play once the ball is kicked (with a
kicking motion) and moves.
• All opponents must

be 10 yards from the
ball.
But there are some
exceptions...
Free Kick to Defending Team
Inside their Goal Area
• All
If aopponents
free kick remain
of any
outside
type the penalty
is awarded area
to the Direction of Kick
until the ball
defending is ininplay
team its
– If goal
own outside the Goal
area, the Area,
ball
all opponents are also at
can be placed
least 10 yards from the
anywhere
ball in the goal
• The ball area
is in play when
it is kicked directly
beyond the penalty area
Indirect FK to Attackers Inside
Opponent’s Goal Area
•IfAll
an opponents
IFK is awardedare
attoleast 10 yards
the attacking Direction of Kick
from the ball
team in itsuntil
itopponent’s
is in play goal
–area, the ballThey
Exception: is
moved
are onout to the
their own
goal
goal area
line line.
between the
goalposts
• The ball is in play
once it is kicked
and moves
Direct FK to Attackers in
Penalty Area = Penalty Kick
If a Direct Free Direction of Kick
Kick Foul is
awarded to the
attacking team in
the opponent’s
penalty area, a
penalty kick is
awarded instead.
Penalty Kicks to be
discussed later
Free Kick Specifics
• Allowed to go in any direction,
including backwards
• Quick kicks are allowed
– Recognize the difference between a
"ceremonial" free kick and a team
wanting to take a quick kick.
• Kick retaken if an opponent is
closer to the ball than the required
distance at the time the kick is
taken (at the referee’s discretion)
Free Kicks
Kicked into the Goal
• Free kicks that go directly into
opponent’s goal:
– If DFK: Goal is awarded.
– If IFK: No Goal. Restart is a goal kick.
• A goal can only be scored from an IFK if

the ball subsequently touches another
player before it enters the goal.
• If a free kick goes directly into the
team’s own goal, a corner kick is
awarded to the opposing team
– No “own goals” on free kicks (DFK or IFK)
Free Kick Double
Touch Violation
• The kicker may not

touch the ball a second
time until it has
touched another
Exception: If a free kick taken by the
player.
defending team in its own penalty area is
touched a second time before the ball
leaves the penalty area, the kick is
retaken.
Free Kick Double Touch
Violation (cont’d)
• If 2nd touch, an IFK is awarded to
the opposing team
– Taken from the place where the
infringement occurred
• Exception: If 2nd touch is done by
the hands of a field player, a DFK is
awarded.
Penalty Kicks
A penalty kick (PK) is awarded to the
opponents of a team that commits
any offense for which a DFK is
awarded, inside its own penalty area
and while the ball is in play.
– A goal may be scored directly from a PK.
– Additional time is allowed for a PK to be
taken at the end of each half or at the end
of periods of extra time.
– If requested, the defending team may
replace its goalkeeper with one of the
other field players (position switch, not a
substitution)
Setting Up a Penalty Kick
• Referee signals by pointing at the
penalty mark
• The ball is placed on the mark
– Let the kicker place the ball
• The player taking the PK is properly
identified
• Defending goalkeeper remains on his
goal line, facing the kicker, between the
goalposts until the ball has been kicked
– Keeper allowed to move laterally (back and
forth) on the goal line
Penalty Kick Player
Location
Other than the kicker and goalkeeper,
players are located:
• Inside the field of play
• Outside the penalty area
• Behind the GK AR
penalty mark
• 10 yards from R
the ball A
D
K D
A
– On or beyond A D A D
the penalty A D
arc A
D
Penalty Kick Procedure
• The referee signals (whistles) for a PK to be
taken
– But only when the players are in proper
position
• Ball in play when kicked and moves Forward
– If kicked backwards: IFK to opponents
• Keeper cannot move forward until ball is
kicked
• Kicker may not play/touch ball again until it
has touched another player
– Cannot play ball if it rebounded directly off
the goal post or crossbar.
– If so, IFK to opponents
Penalty Kick Infringements
Typical prior-to-the-kick infringements include:
• The goalkeeper moving off the goal line
• A non-kicking player entering the penalty area, or
crossing past the penalty arc, or moving in front
of the penalty mark outside the penalty area.
Ball Goes in Ball Does Not
Who infringed
Goal Go in Goal
An attacker, including IFK for
Retake PK
the kicker defense
A defender, including Goal (Kick-
Retake PK
the goalkeeper off)
Both attacker and
defender
Retake PK Retake PK
Check for Learning
What does this signal

indicate?
Indirect Free Kick
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Lesson 8
Offside – Basic
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 8 - Offside, Basic 178
Offside – A Short History
In the early days of soccer some players were lazy
and rather than work with the rest of their team,
these players chose to hang around near their
opponents’ goal, wait until the ball came to them, and
then attempt to score a goal.
Many of their teammates thought that this was not
gentlemanly nor fair. The rules, consequently,
evolved to say that a player who is ahead of the ball
in the opponent’s half of the field, is “off his side”
(side meaning team) and is not allowed to participate
while in that position.
Offside Position
For a player to be in offside position
3 things must be true…
1. The player is closer to the opponents’
goal line than the ball
2. The player is in the opponent’s half of
the field
3. The player is closer to the opponents’
goal line than the second last
opponent
• It is not an offense to be in an
offside position.
The Offside Offense
A player in an offside position is only
penalized if, at the moment the ball
touches or is played by one of his team,
he is, in the opinion of the referee,
involved in active play by:
1. interfering with play, or
2. interfering with an opponent, or
3. gaining an advantage by being in that
position.
Offside Offense –
Interfering with Play
• “Interfering with play” generally
means playing or touching the ball
passed or touched by a teammate.
– It also includes receiving a deflected
pass from a teammate
– The most common way of being
offside
Offside Offense – Interfering
with an Opponent
• “Interfering with an opponent”
takes many forms. Some of these
include:
– Getting in the way of an opponent,
– Preventing an opponent from playing
the ball,
– Talking to, yelling at, or distracting an
opponent.
Offside Offense – Gaining an
Advantage…
• “Gaining an advantage by being in that
position” includes:
– Playing the ball from a teammate’s shot on
goal which rebounds off the goalposts,
crossbar or goalkeeper
Exceptions to Offside
• A player in an offside position is not
penalized if he/she receives the ball
directly from a …
1. Goal kick
2. Throw-in, or
3. Corner kick
(Offside is momentarily suspended when the
ball is being returned to play after leaving the
field of play)
IFK Restart After an
Offside Offense
• If an offside offense occurs, the referee
stops play and awards an indirect
free kick to the opposing team.
– The referee signals offside by the
standard IFK signal
– Kick taken at the spot where the
offside player was at the time the
ball was played by his/her teammate.
• If in goal area, special circumstances
for taking free kicks apply.
Offside/Not Offside -
Example 1
Attacker A2 is in an offside position when teammate
A1 passes the ball. A2 touches the ball.
GK Goalkeeper A2
D Defender
GK
Attacker
A
Referee
AR
R D
Assistant
Referee D
AR
A
Movement
of the ball A
A1
R
Movement
of the
player/AR
OFFSIDE – Interfering with Play. The assistant

referee should raise the flag when A2 touches the
ball.
Example 2
Attacker A2 is in an offside position when A1
shoots and scores a goal.
GK Goalkeeper A2
D Defender
GK
Attacker
A
Referee
AR
D
R D
Assistant
AR Referee D
Movement of A
the ball A
A1
Movement of
R
the player/AR
NOT OFFSIDE (Goal) - A2 cannot be penalized

because he is not interfering with an opponent
and did not touch the ball.
Example 3
Attacker A2, in an offside position, runs towards the
ball while teammate A3, in onside position, also runs
towards the ball and plays it.
Goalkeeper
GK
GK
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee
R
Assistant
Referee
AR A2
Movement of
AR
D
the ball
A3 D
Movement of D
the
R
player/AR
A1
NOT OFFSIDE - A2 cannot be penalized because

she did not touch the ball.
Example 4
A2, in an offside position, runs towards the ball and
plays it.
GK
GK Goalkeeper
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee
R
Assistant
AR
A2
AR Referee
Movement of D
AR
the ball D
D
Movement of A
the
A1
player/AR
R
OFFSIDE – Interfering with Play. The assistant

referee should raise the flag when A2 touches
the ball.
Example 5
A2, in an offside position, runs towards the ball as
it goes out of play.
GK
GK Goalkeeper
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee
R
Assistant
AR Referee
Movement of A2
the ball
AR
D
Movement of
D
the A D
player/AR
R
A1
NOT OFFSIDE, GOAL KICK - The assistant

referee should signal “goal kick”.
Example 6
Attacker A2 is in an offside position, when A1 shoots
and ball goes in the goal.
GK Goalkeeper GK
D Defender
AR
Attacker A2
A
Referee
R
Assistant
AR Referee
Movement of
AR
the ball
D
D
Movement of D
the A1 A
R
player/AR A
OFFSIDE (No Goal) – Interfering with an Opponent.

A2 is obstructing the goalkeeper’s line of vision
and preventing the goalkeeper from being able to
play the ball.
Example 7
Attacker A2 is in an offside position, when A1 shoots
and ball goes in the goal.
GK Goalkeeper
GK
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee A2
R
Assistant
AR Referee
Movement of
AR
the ball D
Movement of
D
the player/AR
A1 D
R
A A
NOT OFFSIDE (Goal) – A2 is not obstructing the

goalkeeper’s line of vision or making a movement
which deceives or distracts him.
Example 8
A2 is in an offside position and runs towards D1
as A1’s pass is intercepted by D1.
GK
GK Goalkeeper
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee
R
Assistant A2
AR Referee
D
AR
Movement of D11
the ball D D
Movement of A
the
player/AR A1
R
NOT OFFSIDE, CORNER KICK – A2 does not prevent

D1 from playing or being able to play the ball.
Example 9
Attacker A2, in an offside position, runs to D1 to
tackle the ball passed from A1.
GK
GK Goalkeeper
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee
R
Assistant A2
AR Referee
AR
Movement of D
D D11 D
the ball
Movement of A
the player/AR
A1
R
OFFSIDE – Interfering with an Opponent. A2 is

making a movement that prevents D1 from playing
or being able to play the ball.
Example 14
GK
GK Goalkeeper
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee
R
AR
Assistant D D
AR Referee A2
Movement of
the ball
Movement of R A1
the
player/AR
NOT OFFSIDE. A2 came from an onside

position to play the ball.
Example 15
GK Goalkeeper GK
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee
R A2
AR AR
Assistant
AR Referee D
D
Movement of
the ball A1 ball
Movement of
the player/AR R
OFFSIDE – Interfering With Play. A2 came from an

offside position and touches the ball.
Example 16
A1 and A2 are on a break away and beyond the 2nd to
last defender. A1 passes the ball to A2 who touches it.
GK
GK Goalkeeper
D Defender
Attacker
A
Referee
R
Assistant
AR Referee
Movement of
the ball A2
A2
AR
Movement of A1
R
the
player/AR
D
OFFSIDE – Interfering with Play. A2 was in an

offside position when A1 passed the ball.
Lesson 9
Referee and Assistant
Referee Mechanics
Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training – Lesson 9 - Referee and AR Mechanics 199
Referee Decisions and
Authority
• The referee of a match has full
authority to enforce the Laws of the
Game
– May temporarily suspend or terminate
match due to …
• Player infringement of the Laws
• Outside interference of any kind
– Law 5 lists specific powers and duties
• Referee decisions are final
– Referee may change a decision
provided play has not resumed
Review of Referee Signals
Goal Kick Corner

Throw-in Kick
Direct Indirect Goal Scored

Free Kick Free Kick
Referee Communication
Tools
Whistle Voice
Signals
Referee Team Position &
Communication
• The referee runs in a general diagonal
between opposite corners of field
– Location depends on AR
position of ball and
Typical
majority of the Ref Zone
players on the field R
• ARs run along
touchline
– At any given moment,
two officials should
be in position to view
play from different AR
angles
• Eye contact between the referee & AR is critical
Assistant Referees
• Two assistant referees (ARs) are
appointed to help the referee control
the match.
• In general, ARs position should be
even with the second-to-last
defender, or the ball, or the halfway
line, which ever is closest to the goal
being attacked
Assistant Referee
Duties
Neutral AR Duties:
• Indicate ball out of play
• Indicate which team gets
throw-in, goal kick or corner kick
• Indicate when offside infringement has
occurred
• Indicate when substitution is desired
• Assist the referee to control the game
Club Linesmen
• When ARs are not available, club
linesmen should be recruited.
• Should only indicate ball
in-and-out of play
• Can also participate in
half-time discussion
• Effective referees make the
club linesmen part of the
team.
Possible Club Linesmen
Responsibilities
• Trained linesmen can take on further
“AR” duties at the discretion of the
referee. Some of these duties may
include:
– Indicate direction of throw-in
– Indicate restart for ball-out-of-play over goal
line (goal kick or corner kick)
– Indicate improper throw-ins
• Many club linesmen need to be instructed
to only run from the halfway line to the
goal line, not the entire side.
Assistant Referee
Signals: Throw-in
Touch line
Goal
Throw-In Throw-In
line for for
attackers defenders
AR Signal: Corner Kick
Pointing toward near
corner
Same signal used for both

near and far corners
Touch line
Goal
line
AR Signal: Goal Kick
Goal line
Pointing
toward
Goal Goal Area
Area
Touch line
AR Signal: Offside
Flag is
held
steady
Touch line
Goal
line
Also could mean ball
out of play
AR Signals: Position of Offside
Player
Goal line
Offside on Offside Offside

the near in the on far
side of the center of side of
Touch
line field the field the field
AR Signal: Foul
Flick or wave the

flag and make eye
contact with
center referee
Touch line
Goal
After whistle, point
line
at a 45º angle in the
direction of free
kick.
AR Signals: Goal/No Goal
No Goal
Goal Scored
Touch line
For a Goal Scored: Run a short

Goal distance toward the halfway line and
line make eye contact with center referee
AR Signal: Substitution
Touch line
Goal
line Signal typically only used
for open substitution
situations.
Check for Learning
What is the Assistant Referee’s

signal for a throw-in awarded to the
attacking team?
Faces the field of play and raises the
flag 45 degrees above the diagonal
in his right hand, parallel to the
touch line
Check for Learning
A club linesman may indicate

offside. (True/False)
False. Only certified AR’s can
indicate offside.
Lesson 10
Fundamental Coaching
Concepts
Objectives of the
Game
Attackers Defenders
• Score • Stop Scoring
• Advance • Delay
• Maintain • Regain
Possession Possession
Principles of Play
Attackers Defenders
• Penetration • Delay
• Depth • Depth
• Mobility • Balance
• Width • Concentration
• Creativity • Composure
Course Wrap-up
Location of Coaches &
Spectators
Coaches’ Area Spectator
(Technical Area) Control Line
Halfway Line
Touch Line
• Coaches’ Area
– 20 Yards wide (extending 10 yards on either side of the halfway
line)
– 1 yard back from the touch line, 2 yards deep
• Coaches and substitutes should remain in their area for
duration of match
– Exceptions: Pre-game, Half time, Post-game or when
requested by the referee to enter the field of play
• Spectators should be along their side lines, 3 yards back
from the touch line, and between the “18 Yard lines”
– Definitely not behind the goal line near the field of play
Problems With Spectators
• Work with the coach(es) first
– Spectator behavior is their responsibility
• If problems persist with a particular
spectator:
– One option: Take the coach with you and the
two of you deal with that person.
– Alternative: Stop game and give the individual
a “Green Card” if necessary and appropriate
• You can give it to the coach or another
spectator to pass on
AYSO Referee Program
Age Focus Training
Badge Level Course
U-8 U-8 Officials
U-8 Official Course
Basic Referee
Regional U-10 Course
Intermediate U-12 Intermediate

Referee Course
Advanced Advanced
U-14 Referee Course
National U-16 & National

U-19 Referee Course
Continuing Education
• Web sites
– AYSO: www.soccer.org and www.aysohelp.org
– USSF: www.ussoccer.com
– FIFA: www.fifa.com
– Other: www.asktheref.com (Ask The Ref)
• Publications
– USSF: “Advice to Referees on the Laws of the
Game”,
“Guide to Procedures for Referees, Assistant
Referees & Fourth Officials”
– FIFA: “Questions and Answers to the LOTG”
– AYSO: “Guidance for Referees and Coaches”
Referee Support
• Informal Mentoring
• Observations & Assessments
– Observations done mainly for upgrade
to Intermediate Referee
– Assessments done mainly for upgrade
to Advanced & National
• Referee Meetings
AYSO Philosophies &
Positive Coaching
(one more time)
AYSO Philosophies Positive Coaching
• Everyone Plays • Positive
• Balanced Teams • Instructive
• Open Registration • Encouraging
• Positive Coaching
• Good Sportsmanship
• Player Development
Test Time!
• Questions?
• Passing grade 75% or higher
• Exams must be turned into an
instructor – do not take them home
with you (or you will not be
certified as a referee).
• When finished you can get your ref
supplies

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AYSO Basic Referee

• Survey: Previous Soccer

Some of our regions even have a VIP Program that

Each year we form new teams as evenly

Our program’s goal is for kids to play

Encouragement of player effort provides

Back then the

The modern game dates

Two factions split from one another.

USSF (United States Soccer

The Laws of the Game can be

• In the younger players’ games, the

• Young players should never be

What does this acronym stand for?

Name two of the four AYSO Team

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 27

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 28

What three words embody the

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 29

Should a young player who

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 30

Starting to define likes and dislikes

Needs concrete reinforcement

More interested in competitive

What are the

• Intervene early to prevent escalation

• Keep adults focused on

The “6 Yard Line”

• Shoes needs to be suitable for play

Find the problems in

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 62

As the referee, you should cancel the

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 63

• Also, please fill out the Referee Attendance

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - AYSO Region 104 64

The blue team 1st Half

To start the 2nd half, the red team kicks

• Defenders must be 10 yards from the ball

• Referee is sole timekeeper

The team that wins the coin toss chooses

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 78

How should play be restarted if a player

What should you do if on a kick-off, a player

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 79

The lines of the field are part of the

… Not the player’s position

• For a goal to be No Goal

scored: the ball must No Goal

• If bleeding or serious injury:

How many substitution opportunities

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 94

Is this ball IN or OUT of play?

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 95

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 96

According to the National Rules and

Half the game (two “quarters”)

Version Spring 11-1 Basic Referee Training - Check for Learning 97

When can the referee stop play for an