The

Japanese
Occupation
Of The
Philippines
Introduction
• Japan occupied the Philippines for over three years,
until the surrender of Japan. A highly effective
guerrilla campaign by Philippine resistance forces
controlled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle
and mountain areas. MacArthur supplied them by
submarine, and sent reinforcements and officers.
Filipinos remained loyal to the United States, partly
because of the American guarantee of independence,
and also because the Japanese had pressed large
numbers of Filipinos into work details and even put
young Filipino women into brothels.
Hours After Pearl
Harbor
•War came unexpectedly to the Philippines. Japan opened a
surprise attack on the Philippines on December 8, 1941,
when Japan attacked without warning, just ten hours after
the attack on Pearl Harbor. Japanese troops attacked the
islands in many places and launched a pincer drive on
Manila. Aerial bombardment was followed by landings of
ground troops in Luzon. The defending Philippine and United
States troops were under the command of General Douglas
MacArthur.
. Under the pressure of superior numbers, the defending
forces (about 80,000 troops, four fifths of them Filipinos)
withdrew to the Bataan Peninsula and to the island of
Corregidor at the entrance to Manila Bay where they
entrenched and tried to hold until the arrival of
reinforcements.
Japanese Rules for Filipinos(1941-1945)
1. Salute to the Japanese soldiers when you meet them.
2. The Japanese flag should be displayed at every house's
door.
3. Everybody must put the sun-rise armband on the left
arm.
4. Everybody should have the certificate of residence.
5. Wherever you see Japanese soldiers you must welcome
them and not escape from them. The escaper will be
considered as the enemy.
6. Unless you do not tell false prices you will be paid
reasonable.
7. You are absolutely prohibited to walk until the sun-s until
the sun-rise without carrying lamps. The walke who has not
lights will be shot by the Japanese patrolling soldier without
any warns.
8. Don't be fooled and bewildered by false propaganda by
Communists, bandits and Chinese
9. The incendiarism accidental fire and robbery will be
punished
10. The holding of arms is allowed by the army. But the arms-
holder must report to the mayor it and get permission from
11. The jobless people can find one's jobs in Japanese army
and will be...
12. Be obedient to the orders of governor and mayor who are
authorized
The Japanese Influence
•During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines
during World War II, the Japanese influenced the
government in the Philippines by enforcing a strict
curfew, adding Japanese currency, instituting a military
government and reducing neighborhood government
systems by half. The occupation also cost the lives of
over a million people in the Philippines.
The Lives of the Filipinos Occupation
•During the occupation of the Japanese in the Philippines,
they ran the Philippines with an iron hand. They instilled fear
declared martial law. They imposed curfews, they ordered
that anyone who opposes them or even those who are just
accused of going against the Japanese were punished and
killed. Singing of the national anthem and raising of the
national flag was prohibited. Use of radios and transmitters
was also prohibited. Political parties, elections, and public
assemblies were put to a halt. School, printing presses,
telegraph, and radio stations were closed down. Everything
was controlled by the Japanese.
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity
SphereIt
•Was an imperialist propaganda concept created and
promulgated for occupied Asian populations during the first
third of the Shōwa era by the government and military of the
Empire of Japan. It extended greater than East Asia and
promoted the cultural and economic unity of Northeast
Asians, Southeast Asians, and Oceanians. It also declared the
intention to create a self-sufficient "bloc of Asian nations led
by the Japanese and free of Western powers". It was
announced in a radio address entitled "The International
Situation and Japan's Position" by Foreign Minister Hachirō
Arita on June 29, 1940.
The Japanese Propaganda
•Japanese propaganda during World War II was designed to
assist the ruling government of Japan during that time. Many
of its elements were continuous with pre-war elements of
statism in Showa Japan, including the principles of kokutai,
hakkō ichiu, and bushido. New forms of propaganda were
developed to persuade occupied countries of the benefits of
the Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, to undermine
American troops' morale, to counteract claims of Japanese
atrocities, and to present the war to the Japanese people as
victorious. It started with the Second Sino-Japanese War,
which merged into World War II. It used a large variety of
media to send its messages.
•Headed by the triumvirate of
former Revolutionary General
Artemio Ricarte, Pio Duran,
and former Sakdalista
Movement founder Benigno
Ramos, the MAKAPILI came
into existence after the
Japanese started to conscript
Filipinos to augment their
military forces. However, its
members became feared not
because of their fighting
prowess but because of their
treacherous behavior which
included spying and selling out
their own people.
•Whenever a village or a town was
suspected of guerrilla activity, the
Japanese would round up the residents
and then let the MAKAPILI members-who
covered their faces with bamboo baskets
except for their eyes-point out the
suspected guerrillas or their
sympathizers. In this way, many Filipinos,
including the innocent ones, were
dragged off by the Japanese to be
tortured and executed.
The 2nd Philippine Republic
• On September 20 1943, the KALIBAPI- under the
leadership of its director general, Benigno Aquino Sr.
held a party convention to elect 54 members of the
National Assembly. The Assembly was actually made up
of 108 members; but half of this number was composed
of incumbent governors and city mayors. Jose P. Laurel
was elected as president of the second republic (the
first republic was Aguinldo's Malolos Republic) and both
Benigno Aquino Sr. & Ramon Avancena as a vice-
presidents. The new republic was inaugurated on
October 14 1943 on the front steps of the legislative
building in Manila.
The 2nd Philippine Republic

•The Philippine flag was hoisted as the national anthem

was played. Meanwhile, the Japanese started using
propaganda to gain the trust and confidence of Filipinos
who refused to cooperate with them. They hung giant
posters and distribute their materials that contains such
slogans as "the Philippines belong to the Filipinos." they
also used newspapers, movies, and others to publicize
the same idea. Promoting Japanese propaganda was
one of the main objectives of the KALIBAPI, but still
Japanese failed to gain the trust of the Filipinos.
The 2nd Philippine Republic
•The new republic was inaugurated on October 14
1943 on the front steps of the legislative building in
Manila. The Philippine flag was hoisted as the
national anthem was played. Meanwhile, the
Japanese started using propaganda to gain the trust
and confidence of Filipinos who refused to
cooperate with them. They hung giant posters and
distribute their materials that contains such slogans
as "the Philippines belong to the Filipinos." they also
used newspapers, movies, and others to publicize
the same idea. Promoting Japanese propaganda was
one of the main objectives of the KALIBAPI, but still
The KALIBAРІF
•For the Japanese, KALIBAPI served as a
labour recruitment service in its initial stages
before taking on an expanded role in mid 1943.
It was left to KALIBAPI to write the new
constitution and establish the new National
Assembly, resulting in Aquino's appointment as
Speaker (as his replacement as Director-
General by Camilo Osías). All 54 members of
the Assembly were KALIBAPI members,
although 33 of them had held elected office
before the invasion as well.
 The KALIBAPI
• KALIBAPI soon claimed a membership that ran into
the hundreds of thousands. The islands were declared
officially independent as the Second Philippine
Republic on 14 October 1943 under the Presidency of
José P. Laurel and his KALIBAPI government. This had
been accomplished through the Preparatory Committee
for Philippine Independence, which KALIBAPI had
established in mid-1943 under Japanese direction.
The execution of Jose Abad Santos

•He was killed by the Japanese

because he stood his ground for his
country. He had full authority over
what's left of the Philippines and on
his capture, it was like catching the
president himself. Abad Santos choose
honor and death over a life of shame.
He even saw dying for the country as
an opportunity. Such was his
patriotism, such was his heroism
during those times of war. Just like our
national hero, Jose Rizal, he was calm
upon receiving the news until the end.
"Do not cry, Pepito. Show these
people that you are brave. It is a
rare opportunity for me to die for
our country. Not everybody is aiven
that chance”
-Chief Justice Jose Abad
Santos to his son, Pepito.
 Manila declared as open city
•MacArthur issued the following communiqué: "In order to
spare the Metropolitan area from ravages of attack, either by
air or ground, Manila is hereby declared an open city without
the characteristics of a military objective. In order that no
excuse may be given for possible mistake, the American high
commissioner, the Commonwealth government and all
combatant military installations will be withdrawn from its
environs as rapidly as possible. The Municipal government will
continue to function with its police powers, reinforced by
constabulary troops, so that the normal protection of life and
property may be preserved. Citizens are requested to maintain
obedience to constituted authorities and continue the normal
processes of business."
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