Structural Analysis

Chapter Three
Statics of Structures

Fundamentals of Structural Analysis, Kenneth M. Leet, 4th Edition, 2011

Spring, 1392
Forces

 Law of Sine and Cosine

Example 3-1:

 Using the law of sine, resolve the 75-lb vertical

force FAB in Figure 3.3a into components
directed along lines a and b.
Forces

 Resultant and Center of Gravity

 Several concentrated forces

 Distributed forces
Example 3-2:
 Determine the magnitude and location of
the resultant R of the three wheel loads
Example 3-3:
 Compute the magnitude and location of the
resultant of the parabolic load­ing shown in
Figure 3.6. The slope of the parabola is zero
at the origin
Supports and Connections
 Pin
 Hinge
 Roller
 Rocker
 Elastomeric Pad
 Fixed End
 Link
 Guide
Idealizing Structure

 Before a structure can be analyzed, the

designer must develop a simplified physical
model of the structure and its supports as well
as the applied loads. This model is typically
represented by a simple line drawing.
Idealizing Structure
Free body diagram
Equations of Static Equilibrium

 2D Equilibrium

 3D Equilibrium

Example 3-5:

 Compute the reactions for the beam

Example 3-6:

 Compute the reactions for the truss

𝐴 𝑦 =15.43 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐶 𝑦 =15.43 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐶 𝑥 =18 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
Example 3-7:

 Compute the reactions

𝐴 𝑦 =100 𝑘𝑁 ↑
𝐶 𝑦 =30 𝑘𝑁 ↓
𝐶 𝑥 =0
Example 3-8:

 Compute the reactions

𝐹 𝐴𝐵=9 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐶 𝑦 =28.8 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐶 𝑥 =5.4 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
Equations of Condition

 For members consisted of several rigid

bodies, sometimes the reactions are more
than the number of equilibrium equations
(three Eqs.) but the members are usually
connected with hinges; we can write
additional equations that is called equations
of condition or construction equations.
Example 3-9:

 Compute the reactions

𝐴 𝑦 =− 12𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐸 𝑦 =12 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐵 𝑦 =36 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
Example 3-10:

 Compute the reactions

𝐴 𝑦 =10 / 3 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐵 𝑦 =10 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐶 𝑦 =20/ 3 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐷 𝑦 =10 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
𝐴𝑥 = 0
𝐷 𝑥 =15 𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠
Stability and Determinacy

 Case 1: Number of Reactions < 3

 One of the equations is inconsistence

∑ 𝐹 𝑥=0𝑄=0 ∑ 𝑀 𝐴=0𝑄𝐿=0
Stability and Determinacy

 Case 2: Number of Reactions = 3

 Determinate when the reactions can be uniquely
determined
 Unstable when reactions form a parallel or
concurrent force system
Stability and Determinacy

 Case 3: Number of Reactions > 3

 Since one or more of the reactions cannot be
determined, the structure is termed indeterminate,
and the degree of inde­terminacy equals the
number of restraints in excess of 3, that is,

Degree of indeterminacy = R-3

Stability and Determinacy
Degree of indeterminacy = 8 – 3 =5
Indeterminate to the fifth degrees
Stability and Determinacy of several
rigid bodies
 Case 1: If R < 3 + C the structure is unstable
 Case 2: If R = 3 + C and if neither the reactions for
the entire structure nor those for a component of
the structure are equivalent to a parallel or a
concurrent force system, the structure is stable and
determinate
 Case 3: If R > 3 + C and the reactions are not
equivalent to a parallel or a concurrent force
system, the structure is stable and indeterminate
Degree of indeterminacy = R – (3+C)
Example 3-11:

 Check stability and compute reactions

Unstable
Comparison between Determinate
and Indeterminate
 Since determinate and indeterminate
structures are used extensively, it is important
that designers be aware of the difference in
their behavior in order to anticipate problems
that might arise during construction or later
when the structure is in service.
 If a determinate structure loses a support,
immediate failure occurs because the
structure is no longer stable
Comparison between Determinate
and Indeterminate
Homework

 Problems:
9
 11
 15
 21
 23
 36