Special Crime

Investigation 1
with Legal Medicine
Jayson Vanta RCrim, CSP, CST
 Day One
The Following to be Discuss:
Special Crime Investigation
Definition of Terms
Medico Legal Cases
Important Personalities
Medico Legal System
 Special Crime Investigation
 Special Crime Investigation deals with the study of major crimes
based on the application of special investigative technique.
 The study concentrates more on physical evidence, its
collection, handling, identification and preservation in
coordination with the crime laboratory. Special Crime
Investigation involves a close relationship between the prober in
the field and the crime laboratory technician. They work
together as a team, reacting to and extending one another’s
theories and findings both working patiently and thoroughly to
solve a crime from their investigative discoveries.
Definition of terms
 Law
•Defined as a rule of conduct,
just and obligatory, laid down
by legitimate authority for the
common observance and
benefit.
 Medicine
•A science and art of dealing with
prevention, cure and alleviation of
disease. It is that part of science and
art of restoring and preserving health.
 Legal
Refers to anything conformable to
the letters or rules of law as it is
administered by the court.
 Jurisprudence

A science of giving wise interpretation of

the Laws.
 Legal Medicine
•Is that branch of medicine which
deals with the application of
medical knowledge to the purposes
of law and in the administration of
justice.
 Forensic
Medicine
 Use of medical science to
elucidate legal problems in
general without specific
reference or application to a
particular case.
 It encompasses a variety of
fields in forensic science such
as pathology, anthropology,
odontology, toxicology,
entomology, and others.
 Medical Jurisprudence
• A branch of law which
concerns with the aspects of
law and legal concepts to
medical practice. It includes
rights, duties, and liabilities
of physician, patient and
health institution.
 Pathology
The medical specialty that deals
with disease and the bodily changes
caused by disease.
Forensic Chemistry
Medico-Legal Cases

 Injuries or deaths involving persons who have no

means of being identified.
 Persons pronounced as “dead on arrival”
 Death under the following circumstances:
 Death occurring within twenty-four (24 hrs) of
admission when the clinical cause of death is
unknown or indeterminate:
 Unexpected sudden death especially when the
deceased was in apparent good health;
 Death due to natural diseases but associated with
physical evidence suspicious of foul play;
 Death as a result of violence, accident, suicide or
poisoning; and
 Death due to improper or negligent act of another
person’s.
  The system used in the Philippines, which is
handled by a medical jurist who is a
registered physician duly qualified to
practice medicine in the Phils.
Medico-Legal  The National Bureau of Investigation and the
Phil. National Police have their own medical
Office System jurist who handles medico-legal cases.
 His duty is to examine the victim or
assailant, to make report, and to appear in
court as an expert witness when summoned
by the proper authorities
 Medical
Examiner System
 This is a system under the control of
the Chief Medical Examiner that is a
doctor of medicine and appointed by
the mayor from the classified lists
compiled by the civil service by the
basis of competitive examination.
 The office of the chief medical
examiner is on 24 hours’ work with
clerical staff always present. His duty
is to investigate the cause of death
especially violent death of the victim.
 • Evidence is the means, sanctioned by the Rules
Medical
of the Court, of ascertaining in a judicial
Evidence proceeding the truth respecting a matter of fact
 Medical
Documentary
Evidence Forms:
Medical Certification
or Report

• 1. Physical Examination
Report
• 2. Autopsy Report
• 3. Exhumation report
• 4. Death Certificate
 Medical Opinion Report

• A physician on account of his training and

expertise can give his own opinion on a set of
medical facts.
 Deposition

• Is a written record of evidence given orally and

transcribed (reduced to) in writing in the form of
questions by the interrogation and the answers of
his deponent and signed by the latter.
 • These are articles and materials which are found
in connection with the investigation and which
Physical aid in establishing the identity of the perpetrator
Evidence: or the circumstances under which the crime was
committed, or in general assist in the prosecution
of a criminal.
Law of Multiplicity of
Evidence (is true in the
case of identification.)

• “The greater the

number of similarities
or dissimilarities, the
greater is the
probability for the
conclusion to be
correct”.
 IDENTIFICATION
• Is the recognition of an individual
as determine by characteristics
which distinguish that individual
from all other.
 Methods of
Identification
1. By comparison
2. With the used of standard
specimen, evidence under question
can be compared in order to effect
identification.
3. By exclusion
4. Is two or more persons have to be
identified and all, but one is not yet
identified, then the one whose
identity has not been established
may be known by the process of
elimination.