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Kesetimbangan Kimia 2
Kesetimbangan Kimia 2
Kimia
Misal Reaksi A B
• Ke kanan A B kecepatan = kf
[A]
• Ke kiri B A kecepatan = kb
[B]
• Total A B
kecepatan ke kanan kf [A] =
kecepatan
Dr. Ridla Bakri, keFMIPA-UI
MPhiL – Dept. Kimia kiri
Jenis Kesetimbangan
Gas
Kelarutan - heterogen
Asam/Basa - homogen
Redox
Kompleksasi
a A + b B c C + d D
Kc
C Dc d
k kanan
A B
a b k kiri
Kc = Konstanta Kesetimbangan
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Pencapaian Kesetimbangan
• Ketika Kesetimbangan telah tercapai, A B
• “ ” menyatakan
kecepatan reaksi ke kanan = kecepatan reaksi ke
kiri
atau Kf[A] = Kb[B]
Kf/Kb = [B]/[A] menghasilkan
• Hukum Aksi Massa : Keq = [B]/[A]
K eq
NH3
2
Kc
N 2 H 2
3
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Kesetimbangan Asam-Basa
Dalam Larutan Aqueous
Konstanta Disosiasi Asam,
+ -
HC2H3O2 + H2O H3O + C2H3O2
[H3O+][C2H3O2-]
K = ----------------------
[H2O][HC2H3O2] +
[H3O ][C2H3O2-]
Ka = K*[H2O] = ----------------------
[HC2H3O2]
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Kesetimbangan Asam-Basa
Dalam Larutan Aqueous
Konstanta Disosiasi Basa
NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-
[NH4+][OH-]
K = -----------------
[H2O][NH3]
+ -
[NH ][OH ]4
Kb = K*[H2O] = ----------------
[NH3]
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Autoionisasi Air
[H3O+][OH-]
K = ------------------
[H2O]2
Bagi
A) Keq < 1, ratio [Produk]x < [Pereaksi]y
B) Keq > 1, ratio [Produk]x > [Pereaksi]y
C) Keq = 1, ratio [Produk]x = [Pereaksi]y
[CaO] * [CO 2 ]
k eq
[CaCO3 ]
[konstan ] * [CO 2 ]
[CaO] dan [CaCO3] = tetap k eq
[konstan ]
k eq [CO 2 ]
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Soal : Hukum Aksi Massa
4
[ pCS 2 ] * [ pH 2 ] [CS2 ] * [H 2 ] 4
b) K p = 2
; Kc =
[ pH 2S ] * [ pCH 4 ] [H 2S]2 * [CH 4 ]
3
[ p H 2O ] [H 2 O] 3
d) K p 3
; Kc 3
[ pH 2 ] [H 2 ]
Kp = Kc (RT)∆ng
• Kp = Kc (RT)∆ng
= (1,1 x 107) [(0,08206 L.atm/mol K)(973K)-1
= 1,378 x 105
aX2 + bX + C = 0
• yang merupakan persamaan garis lurus
• Sehingga X dapat dicari melalui perhitungan sbb.,
- b + V b2 – 4 ac
X=
2a
• Catatan : Hanya nilai yang positif yang diperlukan
-10 -10 -
-112,21/2
x 10 x [(2,2 x 10 )2 + (4)(1)(2,09 x 10
)]
• X=
2 (1)
• X = 4,57 x 10-6 M
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Dengan diketahui nilai X maka, konsentrasi zat lainnya dapat
diketahui, yaitu
• Reaksi kebalikannya
[CO] [Cl2 ]
K eq (i) Hubungan Konstanta Kesetimbangan
[COCl 2 ]
K eq (ii)
[CO] [Cl2 ]
maka 1
Kke kanan
[CO] [Cl2 ] [COCl Kke kiri
1
2]
[COCl2 ] [CO] [Cl2 ]
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Keq dari Beberapa Persamaan Kimia
2
1 p SO3 1
a) K = 2 3 416,7
ke kiri Kc
p SO2 p O2 2,4•10
3.
3. 2NO
2NO2(g) + O 2(g)
2(g) + O2(g) 2NO
2NO3(g)
3(g)
KK33
[NO3 ]2 [NO3 ] 2
K2
[N2O4 ] [O2 ] K1 • K 2 2
K3
[NO2 ] [O2 ]
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Konstanta Kesetimbangan
Beberapa Reaksi
A B C D
n
K c K p RT
n K
p K c RT
[RT memiliki eksponen yang positif (+n)]
CO Cl2
kp RT 1 kc RT n
COCl2
n n
kp kc RT dan kc kp RT
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Prinsip Le Chatelier
Pada Kesetimbangan
Setiap perubahan
akan menimbulkan
penyesuaian baru.
Kesetimbangan baru
terbentuk
Kesetimbangan bergeser
Penambahan NH3 ke arah pembentukan produk.
Kesetimbangan bergeser
ke arah Pereaksi. Penambahan H2
Perubahan Temperatur
bagi
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g) + heat
Pink blue
• Eksotermik
CO + 3H2 CH4 + H2O + heat
Pereaksi
• Endotermik
CO2 + C + heat 2CO
Produk
Proses Endotermis.
Energi adalah pereaksi
Proses Eksotermis.
Energy adalah produk
Q
[ A ][ B ]
Jika,
Q < K Reaksi bergeser ke kanan
[ AB ]
Soal : Pada reaksi “Water Gas Shift” untuk merubah karbon menjadi ba-
han bakar. Karbon bereaksi dengan air menghasilkan Karbon monoxida
dan hidrogen.
C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2 (g)
Jawaban :
(a) Tidak ada perubahan, karena karbon adalah padat-
an, dan tidak ikut mempengaruhi kesetimbangan,
selama karbon tersedia maka reaksi akan tetap
jalan dan tidak berpengaruh pada jumlahnya.
(b) Reaksi bergeser ke arah sisi produk, dan [CO]
menjadi bertambah.
(c) Reaksi bergeser ke arah sisi pereaksi, dan [H2O]
menjadi bertambah.
(d) Reaksi bergeser ke arah sisi produk, dan [H2O]
menjadi berkurang.
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Prediksi Pengaruh Temperatur dan Tekanan
Rencana:
Untuk melihat pengaruh volume (tekanan), kita harus melihat
reaksi yang membentuk molekul gas terbanyak. Kenaikan
tekanan akan mendorong reaksi ke arah molekul gas terkecil.
Untuk temperatur, kita harus memperhatikan jenis reaksi
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Prediksi Pengaruh Temperatur dan Tekanan
kkcc
CO22
CO
9.90 10 -1M
9.90 10
-1
M
COO
CO O22 1.00 10 M5.00 10 M
1/2
1/2 1/2
1/2
1.00 10 -2
-2
M 5.00 10 -3
-3
M
kk
c
c
1.40
1.40 •10
•10
33
k pp k ccRT n
n
n =1 -1.5 = -0.5
k pp 1.40 •1033 • RT .5
.5
1.40 •1033 • 0.08206 1673 .5
.5
k pp 1.20 1022
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Tipe 2 : Kesetimbangan
Tipe soal ke Dua, Konstanta kesetimbangan dan konsentrasi awal di-
ketahui, dan konsentrasi saat kesetimbangan yang ditanyakan.
Diketahui : [Kons]o dan Keq Tanya : [Kons] saat kesetimbangan
Tahapan perhitungan,
0.1046M 0.0046M
K K c RT 0.11
0
Kc = 0.11
0.0454M
0.0954M p
Temp isn’t known, but Dn = 0
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
3a. Calculation: Product formed @ Equilibrium (Type2)
• How much SO3 is formed when 0.50 mol of SO2 and 0.50 mol NO2 are in
1.00 L at 821 °C. Kc = 6.85 at this temperature.
SO2(g) + NO2(g) SO3 (g) + NO(g)
i 0.50 M 0.50M 0.00 0.00
X X X +X
e 0.50 - X
0.50- X +X +X
Kc =
SO3 NO 6.85 =
X X
SO2 NO2 0.50 - X 0.50 - X
X X
2
Perfect square
6.85 2.617
type problem
0.50 - X
2
0.50 - X
X = 1.3 - 2.617X, 3.617X = 1.3, X = 0.36M
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
3b. Calculation: Product formed @ Equilibrium (Type2)
• How much SO3 is formed when 0.50 mol of SO2 and 1.00 mol NO2 are in 1.00 L at
821 °C. Kc = 6.85 at this temperature. (Non-perfect square)
SO2(g) + NO2(g) SO3 (g) + NO(g)
i 0.50 M 1.00M 0.00 0.00
X X X +X
e
0.50 - X 1.00- X +X +X
Kc =
SO3 NO 6.85 =
X X Non-perfect
square problem.
SO2 NO2 0.50 - X 1.00 - X Solve quadratic
X
2
e 0.5 - 2X + 2X +X
4X2 X
1.6 10 -5 = , 4X
3
= 4 10 -6
, X =1 10 -2
(0.5)
2
Check
assumption : 0.5 - 2X = 0.5 - 2(1 10 -2
) = 0.48 ~ 0.50
Dr. Ridla Bakri, MPhiL – Dept. Kimia FMIPA-UI
Assumption Check
• When making assumptions, if a reaction has a relatively small k eq and a
relatively large initial reactant concentration, then the concentration
change (x) can often be neglected without introducing significant error.
This does not mean x = 0, because then this would mean there is no
reaction. It means that if a reaction proceeds very little (small k) and if
you start with a high reactant concentration, very little will be used up, so
the following holds.
• [react]o -x ≈ [react]eq ≈ [react]o
• When making the assumption that x is negligible, you must check that the
error introduced is not significant. If the assumption results in a change
(error) in concentration of less than 5%, the error is not significant and
the assumption is justified.
• To test the assumption, use the following formula:
• D conc / initial concentration) • 100 < 5%
• In the previous problem, the assumption is check by the following
calculations: [2x / (0.5) ] • 100 = [ 2(1•10 -2) / 0.5 ]•100 = 4% < 5% The
assumption is valid in this example.
K c =1.80 =
PCl3 Cl2
=
X
2
a X2 + bX + c = 0
Kc = = 9.34 = >>1
SO3 2 0.80 - 2x
2
Second iteration yields
Note: Kc>>1, Rxn favors forward x = 0.342 M
Assume reaction goes to completion or . Third iteration yields x
80M-2x ~ 0, therefore x ~ 0.4M. Using the
iteration method, x is solved for in the = 0.335 M
equation .80M-2x.
4x
3
4 0.43 9.34
therefore, [SO3]=.130M,
[SO2]=0.670M, [O2]= 0.335 M
0.80 - 2x 0.80 - 2x
2 2