SOIL SCIENCE

SAMPLE QUESTION # 2
 NET NITROGEN IMMOBILIZATION
IN SOIL OCCURS IF THE C/N IS
A.Less than 20:1
B.Greater than 35:1
C.Less than 15.1
D.None of the above
 ANSWER

c. Greater than 35:1

 INDIVIDUALLY, WHICH AMONG THE
FOLLOWING SOIL ORGANISMS HAVE THE
LEAST BIOMASS?
A.Actinomycetes
B.Fungi- high biomass- acid loving microorganism
C.Bacteria- high soil number low biomass
D.Protozoa
E. Earthworm
 ANSWER

c. Bacteria
 WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING SOIL
ORGANISMS ARE ACID-LOVING?
A.Fungi
B.Protozoa
C.Bacteria
D.Actinomycetes
E. A and B above
 ANSWER

a. fungi
 AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION FROM NH4+
BEARING FERTILIZERS IS NOT FAVORED BY
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?
A.High pH
B.High Temperature
C.High CEC
D.A and B above
E. B and C above
 ANSWER

C. High CEC
 SOIL MICROORGANISMS
DEGRADE ORGANIC RESIDUES
PRIMARILY FOR
A.Phosphorus and energy
B.Carbon and Energy
C.Nitrogen and energy
D.Phosphorous and energy
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

b. Carbon and Energy

 THE ROOT-NODULE BACTERIA
BELONG TO THE GENUS
A. Clostridum
B. Azotobacter
C.Rhizobium
D.Agrobacterium
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

c. Rhizobium
 THE ANAEROBIC NON-SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN
FIXING BACTERIA BELONG TO THE GENUS
A. Derxia
B. Clostridium
C.Azotobacter
D.Bradyrhizobium
E. Nitrobacter
 ANSWER

b. Clostridium
 ALGAE ARE CONSIDERED AS

A.Autotrophs
B.Photoautotrophs
C.Chemoautotrophs
D.Both A and B above
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

b. Photoautotrophs
 THE SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR BLUE-
GREEN ALGAE IS
A.Sunlight
B.Metabolism of glucose
C.Organic matter decomposition
D.Oxidation of inorganic compounds
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

a. sunlight
 THE PREDOMINANT AVAILABLE FORM OF N
UNDER FLOODED SOIL CONDITION IS

A.NO3- N
B.Organic N
C.NH4-N
D.NO2-N
E. NH2-N
 ANSWER

c. NH4-N
 THE AVAILABLE FORM OF NITROGEN WHICH
PREDOMINATES UNDER UPLAND CONDITION IS

A.Ammonium
B.Nitrite
C.Nitrate
D.Microbial biomass
E. Fixed N
 ANSWER

c. Nitrate
 THE CONVERSION OF NO3- TO NO2-
IS REFERRED TO AS
A.Nitrogen Fixation
B.Denitrification
C.Immobilization
D.Volatilization
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

b. Denitrification
 THE PERCENTAGE OF ORGANIC N
IN THE SOIL IS APPROXIMATELY
A.96-98%
B.80-85%
C.68-75%
D.50-60%
E. 60-70%
 ANSWER

a. 96-98%
 NITROGEN IS ADDED TO THE SOIL
SYSTEM BY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
A.Leaching
B.Nitrogen fixation
C.Ammonia volatilization
D.A and B above
E. B and C above
 ANSWER

b. Nitrogen fixation
 THE CONVERSION OF ORGANIC N TO
INORGANIC N OR MINERAL IS TERMED AS

A.Immobilization
B.Nitrification
C.Mineralization
D.Ammonification
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

c. Mineralization
 THE CONVERSION OF N2 TO NH4 IS
REFERRED TO AS
A.Denitrification
B.Nitrate reduction
C.Nitrogen fixation
D.Volatilization
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

c. Nitrogen fixation
 MICROORGANISMS WHICH DO
NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN IS CALLED
A.Aerobes
B.Anaerobes
C.Obligate parasite
D.Microaerophilic
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

b. Anaerobes
 THE FIXATION AND REGENERATION OF CO2
IN THE BIOSPHERE IS REFERRED TO AS

A.Carbon cycle
B.CO2 evolution
C.Respiration
D.Nutrient cycle
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

a. Carbon cycle
 THE OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE
REQUIREMENT OF THERMOPHILES IS
A.Greater than 45˚ C
B.Less than 45˚ C
C.Greater than 30˚ C
D.Less than 30˚ C
E. 30-40˚ C
 ANSWER

a. Greater than 45˚ C

 MICROORGANISMS WHICH REQUIRE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS AS A SOURCE OF CARBON AND
ENERGY ARE

A.Autotrophs
B.Heterotrophs
C.Chemoautotrophs
D.Photoautotrophs
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

b. Heterotrophs
 IT REFERS TO THE ENTRAPMENT OF AMMONIUM IONS IN BETWEEN
CRYSTAL LATTICES OF CLAYS THUS RENDERING THEM
UNAVAILABLE FOR PLANT USE. THIS PROCESS IS CALLED

A.Nitrogen fixation
B.Microbial fixation
C.Ammonium fixation
D.Nutrient fixation
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

c. Ammonium fixation
 RHIZOBIA ARE GENERALLY ASSOCIATED
WITH NITROGEN FIXATION IN

A.Rice
B.Peanut
C.Corn
D.Sorghum
E. Sugarcane
 ANSWER

b. peanut
 BACTERIA BELONGING TO THIS GENUS
ARE NON-SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXERS

A. Nitrobacter
B. Aerobacter
C.Azobacter
D.Arthrobacter
E. Nitrosomonas
 ANSWER

c. Azobacter
 IF A CROP RESIDUE CONTAINS 60% ORGANIC
CARBON AND 5% TOTAL NITROGEN, ITS C/N
RATIO IS
A.10:1
B.12:1
C.15:1
D.20:1
E. 25:1
 ANSWER

b. 12:1
 THE C/N RATIO OF SOIL
MICROBIAL BIOMASS IS ABOUT
A.5-8:1
B.12-15:1
C.15-20:1
D.20-25:1
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

a. 5-8:1
 THE MOST ABUNDANT MICROORGANISMS
FOUND IN THE SOIL ARE GENERALLY THE

A.Fungi
B.Bacteria
C.Actinomycetes
D.Algae
E. Protozoa
 ANSWER

b. bacteria
 THE INCORPORATION OF INORGANIC
NITROGEN INTO MICROBIAL TISSUES IS
A.Mineralization
B.Immobilization
C.Nitrification
D.Denitrification
E. Ammonification
 ANSWER

b. Immobilization
 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MICROORGANISMS IS VERY
SENSITIVE TO POTASSIUM LEVELS IN SOIL AND
THEREFORE IN DIAGNOSING POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY

A. Pseudomonas denitrificans
B. Aspergillus flavus
C.Aspergillus niger
D.Azobacter chroococcum
E. Nitrobacter agilis
 ANSWER

b. Aspergillus flavus
 A DEFICIENCY OF THIS ELEMENT WILL NOT
ENABLE A LEGUME AND ITS BACTERIAL
PARTNER TO PERFORM NITROGEN FIXATION.
THIS ELEMENT IS
A.Boron
B.Phosphorous
C.Molybdenum
D.Zinc
E. Magnesium
 ANSWER

c. Molybdenum
 THE GROUP OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS WHICH IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR DECOMPOSING ORGANIC MATTER IS
THE

A.Heterotrophs
B.Autotrophs
C.Photoautotrophs
D.Chemoautotrophs
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

a. heterotrophs
 ORGANIC MATERIALS WITH WIDE C/N RATIOS ARE NOT
READY RESOURCES OF AVAILABLE NITROGEN BECAUSE
THE NITROGEN THAT THEY CONTAIN IS SUBJECT TO

A.Nitrification
B.Volatilization
C.Immobilization
D.Fixation
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

c. immobilization
 THE SOIL MICROBIAL POPULATION
IS GENERALLY HIGHEST IN THE
A. A horizon
B. B horizon
C. C horizon
D. B2 horizon
E. A3 horizon
 ANSWER

a. A horizon
 CHEMOAUTOTROPHS ARE THOSE
WHICH DERIVE THEIR ENERGY FROM
A.Sunlight
B.Oxidation of organic materials
C.Fermentation
D.Oxidation of inorganic substances
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

d. Oxidation of inorganic
substances
 FOR SOIL BACTERIA, GROWTH
RESULTS IN AN INCREASE IN THE
A.Size of the individual
B.Number of individual
C.Form of the individual
D.Size and number of individual
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

b. Number of individual
 THE MOST EFFICIENT ORGANIC MATTER
DECOMPOSITION UNDER ACIDIC SOIL
CONDITIONS ARE THE

A.Bacteria
B.Actinomycetes
C.Fungi
D.Protozoa
E. Algae
 ANSWER

c. fungi
 PESTICIDES WILL BE RELATED
MUCH LONGER IN SOILS WITH
A.Low organic matter
B.High moisture content
C.2:1 dominant clay type
D.Low pH
E. 1:1 dominant clay
 ANSWER

c. 2:1 dominant clay type

 NET MINERALIZATION OF ORGANIC NITROGEN IN
THE SOIL WILL OCCUR IF THE C/N RATIO IS LESS
THAN
A.20:1
B.30:1
C.40:1
D.50:1
E. 60:1
 ANSWER

a. 20:1
 THE ULTIMATE END-PRODUCT OF
DENITRIFICATION
A.N2
B.NO
C.N2O
D.NH3
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

a. N2
 THE INITIAL SUBSTRATE FOR
NITRIFICATION IS
A.Nitrite
B.Nitrate
C.Ammonium
D.Amine
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

c. Ammonium
 A GAS WHICH CAN BE USED AS AN INDICATOR OF
THE LEVEL OF MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN THE SOIL
IS
A.Nitrogen
B.Oxygen
C.Hydrogen
D.Carbon dioxide
E. Methane
 ANSWER

d. Carbon Dioxide
 ASSOCIATIVE NITROGEN FIXATION IS
UNDERTAKEN BY BACTERIA IN
ASSOCIATION WITH
A.Rice
B.Corn
C.Sugarcane
D.Pasture grasses
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 FRANKIA SPP. ARE SOIL MICROORGANISMS
WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE NODULATION
IN
A. Casaurina-C. equisetifolia fixes atmospheric nitrogen through a
symbiotic relationship with Frankia, a soil bacterium of the
actinobacteria group. The roots of C. equisetifolia produce root nodules
where the bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen, which is an essential
nutrient for all plant metabolic activities.
B. Alnus
C. Eleagnus
D. Coriaria
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 THE NUMBER AND ACTIVITY OF BACTERIA
IN THE SOIL ARE AFFECTED BY

A.pH
B.Moisture
C.Oxygen supply
D.Salinity
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 A TYPE OF MICROSCOPE WHICH PROVIDES A 3-
DIMENSIONAL VIEW OF THE SOIL
MICROORGANISMS IS CALLED
A.Light microscope
B.Scanning electron microscope
C.Transmission electron microscope
D.Immuno-fluorescent microscope
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

b. Scanning electron microscope

 A 1:1000 SOIL-WATER DILUTION MEANS
THAT ONE PART OF THE SOIL IS
SUSPENDED IN
A.9 parts of sterile H2O
B.99 parts of sterile H2O
C.999 parts of sterile H2O
D.1000 parts of sterile H2O
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

c. 999 parts of sterile H2O

 IN A LEGUME BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN
FIXING SYSTEM, THE MICROSYMBIONT IS

A.Bacteria
B.Actinomycetes
C.Algae
D.Fungi
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

a. Bacteria
 CO2 EVOLUTION IN SOIL IS A
FUNCTION OF
A.Microbial population
B.Aeration
C.pH
D.Temperature
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 THE AMOUNT OF MOLECULAR NITROGEN
(N2) IN THE ATMOSPHERE IS ABOUT

A.88%
B.78%
C.68%
D.58%
E. 48%
 ANSWER

b. 78%
 WHEN NO3 IS DENITRIFIED ALL THE WAY
TO N2, THERE IS A SHIFT IN THE VALENCE
OF N FROM +5 TO
A.+4
B.+3
C.+2
D.+2
E. 0
ANSWER

e. 0
 WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BACTERIAL
GENERA HAD BEEN KNOWN TO BE
CAPABLE OF DENITRIFICATION?
A. Agrobacterium
B. Azospirillum
C. Pseudomonas
D. Thiobacillus
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the Above

 A SOIL CONSIST OF THE THREE COMPONENTS
NAMELY; SOLID, LIQUID, GAS

A. The soil is composed of inorganic matter and organic matter

B. The liquid is a solution with dissolved ions on it
C. The gas component is about 80% nitrogen gas (N2)
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the Above

 A SOIL CONSIST OF THE THREE COMPONENTS
NAMELY; SOLID, LIQUID, GAS

A.The soil is composed of inorganic matter.

B.The liquid is a solution with dissolved ions in it.
C.The gas is 80% oxygen gas
D.None the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

b. The liquid is a solution with

dissolved ions in it.
 A SOIL CONSIST OF THE THREE COMPONENTS
NAMELY; SOLID, LIQUID, GAS

A. The soil is composed of inorganic matter and organic matter

B. The liquid is a pure water
C. The gas is 80% oxygen gas
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

a. The soil is composed of inorganic

matter and organic matter
 UNDER ITS NATURAL OCCURRENCE A
SOIL IS AGGREGATED AND POROUS
A. An aggregate is composed of millions of individual particles
B. Water and air occupy the pores
C. The pores are interconnected channels to other pores
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 THE SOIL PARTICLES OF A SOIL VARY IN
COMPOSITION, SIZE AND SHAPE
A. The solid is composed of inorganic and organic matter
B. The solid is composed of soil separates called sand, silt, and
clay
C. The solid stick or cluster together to form soil aggregate
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 THE INORGANIC SOLID PARTICLES VARY IN SIZE
WHICH ARE CLASSIFIED AS SOIL SEPARATES

A. The size range of soil particle is equal to or less than 5mm

B. Sand is medium size soil separate
C. Clay is the smallest or the finest soil separate
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

c. Clay is the smallest or the finest

soil separate
 THE RELATIVE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL
SEPARATES IN A SOIL MASS IS CALLED SOIL
TEXTURE
A. Sand, silt, and clay are soil separates
B. Soil texture changes easily with poor methods of cultivation
C. Soil texture is improved by adding organic fertilizer
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

a. Sand, silt, and clay are soil

separates
 SOIL TEXTURE REFERS TO THE
COARSENESS OR FINENESS OF SOIL
A. Sand is gritty
B. Silt is sticky and plastic
C. Clay is smooth
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

a. Sand is gritty
 SOIL TEXTURE REFERS TO THE
COARSENESS OR FINENESS OF
SOIL
A.Sand is coarse and gritty
B.Silt is powdery and smooth
C.Clay is sticky and plastic
D.None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 MANY SOIL PROPERTIES AND
CHARACTERISTICS ARE AFFECTED BY SOIL
TEXTURE
A. Sandy soil is more porous than clay soil
B. Loamy soil are rich in silt
C. Clay soil is chemically more reactive than sandy soil
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

c. Clay soil is chemically more

reactive than sandy soil
 IN RELATION TO CROP PRODUCTION,
SANDY SOIL ARE KNOWN TO BE
A. Droughty
B. Easy to be cultivated
C. Easy to drain
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 IN RELATION TO CROP PRODUCTION,
CLAYEY SOIL ARE KNOWN TO BE
A. Sticky to cultivate
B. Fertile than sand
C. High water holding capacity than sand
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 MANY SOIL PROPERTIES AND
CHARACTERISTICS ARE AFFECTED BY SOIL
TEXTURE
A. Clayey soils are more porous than sandy soil
B. Silt texture is associated to poor good physical properties
C. Sandy soil is chemically more reactive than clay soil
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

a. Clayey soils are more porous than

sandy soil
 SOIL TEXTURE COULD BE
DETERMINE BY:
A. Feel method
B. Pipette method
C. Hydrometer method
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 SOIL TEXTURE COULD BE DETERMINE
IN THE LABORATORY BY:
A. Ammonium acetate method
B. Buoyancy method
C. Hydrometer method
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

c. Hydrometer method
 THE UPPER DIAMETER SIZE LIMIT
OF CLAY PARTICLES IS:
A.2.0 mm- UL- sand
B.0.2 mm- LL- Sand
C.0.02 mm- UL- Silt
D.0.002 mm- UL- Clay
E. 0.0002 mm
 ANSWER

d. 0.002 mm
 THE UPPER DIAMETER SIZE LIMIT
OF SILT PARTICLES IS:
A.2.0 mm
B.0.2 mm
C.0.02 mm
D.0.002 mm
E. 0.0002 mm
 ANSWER

c. 0.02 mm
 THE UPPER DIAMETER SIZE LIMIT
OF SAND PARTICLES IS:
A.2.0 mm
B.0.2 mm
C.0.02 mm
D.0.002 mm
E. 0.0002 mm
 ANSWER

a. 2.0 mm
 SOIL TEXTURAL CLASS WHEREIN THE COARSENESS OF
SAND, THE SMOOTHNESS FELL OF SILT AND THE
STICKINESS OF CLAY ARE MANIFESTED IN ALMOST EQUAL
PROPORTION IN A SOIL MASS
A. Sand
B. Silt
C. Clay
D. Loam
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

d. loam
 SOIL TEXTURE THAT WOULD BE
BEST FOR GROWING LOWLAND
RICE
A.Sandy loam
B.Silty loam
C.Clay loam
D.All of the above
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

c. Clay loam
 CHARACTERISTIC FEEL OF SAND SEPARATES
WHEN RUBBED IN BETWEEN THE FINGER IS

A. Coarse
B. Smooth
C. Sticky when moist
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

a. Coarse
 CHARACTERISTIC FEEL OF CLAY
SEPARATES WHEN RUBBED IN BETWEEN
THE FINGER IS
A.Coarse
B.Smooth
C.Sticky when moist
D.All of the above
 ANSWER

c. Sticky when moist

 CHARACTERISTIC FEEL OF SILT SEPARATES
WHEN RUBBED IN BETWEEN THE FINGER IS

A. Coarse
B. Smooth
C. Sticky when moist
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
 ANSWER

b. Smooth
 MANY SOIL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
ARE AFFECTED BY SOIL STRUCTURE

A. Loam is the soil structure that most crops prefer

B. Dispersed clay soil possesses good soil structure
C. Poor water movement in platy soil structure
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

d. None of the above

 MANY SOIL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS
ARE AFFECTED BY SOIL STRUCTURE

A. Crumb is the best structure that most crops prefer

B. Dispersed clay soil possesses poor soil structure
C. Poor water movement in platy soil structure
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 WHICH AMONG THE FOLLOWING
IS NOT SOIL STRUCTURE?
A.Loam
B.Crumb
C.Platy
D.Sub-angular blocky
E. prismatic
 ANSWER

a. Loam
 SOIL DENSITIES AND POROSITIES ARE AFFECTED
BY SOIL TEXTURE AND SOIL STRUCTURE

A. Porosity increases with increasing bulk density

B. Soil compaction increases bulk density
C. Soil aggregation increases bulk density
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

a. Soil compaction increases bulk

density
 SOIL DENSITIES AND POROSITIES ARE AFFECTED
BY SOIL TEXTURE AND SOIL STRUCTURE

A. Porosity increases with decreasing bulk density

B. Soil compaction decreases bulk density
C. Soil aggregation improves porosity
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

c. Soil aggregation improves

porosity
 PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION AFFECTS MOVEMENT
AND RETENTION OF WATER AND AIR IN THE SOIL.

A. Macro-pores retains water

B. Micro-pores are important in drainage and root respiration
C. Micro-pores and macro-pores are equally important to root
growth
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

d. None of the above

 A SOIL WITH BULK DENSITY OF 1.3 g/ g/WILL HAVE A
POROSITY OF

A.5%
B.25%
C.50%
D.75%
 ANSWER
c. 50%
 BULK DENSITY IS A GOOD
INDICATOR OF SOIL DEGREDATION
A. Bulk density does not change with poor soil cultivation practices
B. Increasing bulk density indicates deteriorating soil physical particles
C. Decreasing bulk density indicates deteriorating soil physical particles
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

b. Increasing bulk density indicates

deteriorating soil physical particles
 PARTICLE DENSITY IS A STABLE SOIL PROPERTY. MOST
AGRICULTURAL SOILS WOULD HAVE PARTICLE
DENSITIES CLOSE TO THIS VALUE

A.1.65 g/
B.2.65 g/
C.3.65 g/
D.4.65 g/
 ANSWER

b. 2.65 g/
 TYPE OF SOIL STRUCTURE THAT IS BEST
FOR GROWING UPLAND CROPS
A. Massive
B. Platy
C. Crumb
D. Loam
E. Single-grain
 ANSWER

c. Crumb
 THE SOIL STRUCTURE OF A
COMPACTED PLOW SOIL IS:
A. Massive
B. Platy
C. Crumb
D. Loam
E. Single-grain
 ANSWER

a. Massive
 THE COLOR OF A SOIL INDICATORS
SOME CHEMICAL CONDITIONS
A. Dark or black color indicates high organic matter
B. Reddish color indicates that the soil is high oxides of iron
C. Yellowish color indicates that the portion of lowland soil is at
oxidized state
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER
e. All of the above
 THE COLOR OF A SOIL INDICATORS
SOME CHEMICAL CONDITIONS
A. Dark or black color indicates high organic matter
B. Dark or black color indicates that the soil is high in oxides of
iron
C. Dark or black color indicates that the soil is at oxidized state
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

a. Dark or black color indicates

high organic matter
 THE COLOR OF A SOIL INDICATORS
SOME CHEMICAL CONDITIONS
A. Reddish color indicates high organic matter
B. Reddish color indicates that the soil is high in oxides of iron
C. Reddish color indicates that the soil is young
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

b. Reddish color indicates that the

soil is high in oxides of iron
 PLANTS DEPEND ON THE WATER
STORED IN THE SOIL.
A. The upper limit of available water is saturated moisture
content.
B. The upper limit of available water is hygroscopic point
C. The upper limit of available water is field capacity
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

c. The upper limit of available water

is field capacity
 PLANTS DEPEND ON THE WATER
STORED IN THE SOIL.
A. The upper limit of available water is field capacity.
B. The lower limit of available water is permanent wilting point.
C. Available water capacity is field capacity-permanent wilting
point
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

e. All of the above

 AVAILABLE WATER CAPACITY IS
CALCULATED AS
A. Saturation minus permanent wilting point
B. Field capacity minus permanent wilting point
C. Hygroscopic point minus permanent wilting point
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

b. The upper limit of available

water is field capacity
 GRAVITATIONAL WATER CAPACITY
TO EQUAL TO
A. Saturated moisture minus permanent wilting point
B. Saturated moisture minus field capacity
C. Saturated moisture minus hygroscopic point
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

b. Saturated moisture minus field

capacity
 THE MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE
AN AIR DRY SOIL IS KNOWN AS
A. Saturation
B. Field capacity
C. Permanent wilting point
D. Hygroscopic coefficient
E. Zero point
 ANSWER

d. Hygroscopic coefficient
 MOVEMENT OF WATER IN THE
SOIL IS ALWAYS FROM:
A. Higher to lower soil moisture content
B. Higher to lower total potential energy
C. Higher to lower soil moisture tension
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

b. Higher to lower total potential

energy
 IF THE SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT IS 50%, THE FIELD
CAPACITY IS 40% AND PERMANENT WILTING POINT IN
20%, THE AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE WATER IN THE SOIL IS

A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

b. 20%
 IF THE SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT IS 35%, THE FIELD
CAPACITY IS 40% AND PERMANENT WILTING POINT IN
20%, THE AMOUNT OF AVAILABLE WATER IN THE SOIL IS

A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 15%
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

c. 15%
 CALCULATE THE GRAVIMETRIC MOISTURE CONTENT OF
A SOIL SAMPLE IF ITS FRESH WEIGHT= 25 gm, OVEN DRY
WEIGHT = 20 gm

A. 25%
B. 20%
C. 15%
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

a. 25%
 CALCULATE THE VOLUMETRIC MOISTURE CONTENT OF A
SOIL SAMPLE IF ITS FRESH WEIGHT= 25 gm, OVEN DRY
WEIGHT = 20 gm and bulk density 1.2 g/

A. 30%
B. 24%
C. 20%
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
 ANSWER

b. 24%
 SOIL GROWN TO CORN IS BEST
CULTIVATED WHEN THE SOIL
CONSISTENCY IS
A. Hard
B. Friable
C. Plastic
D. Viscous
 ANSWER

b. Friable
 LOWLAND RICE LAND IS PREPARED TO
HAVE A SOIL CONSISTENCY THAT IS:
A. Hard
B. Friable
C. Plastic
D. Viscous
 ANSWER

d. Viscous
 BACTERIA BELONG TO THIS
FACTOR OF SOIL FORMATION
A. climate
B.Soil microorganism
C.Time
D.Parent material
 ANSWER

b. Soil microorganism
 HORIZONTAL LAYER OF SOIL
DIFFERENTIATION
A.Concretions
B.Structure
C.Horizon
D.hardpans
 ANSWER

c. Horizon
 A SQUARE METER OF LAND DUG TO A DEPTH
THAT NEARLY TOUCHES THE BEDROCK

A.Profile
B.Parent material
C.Pedon
D.Aquifer
 ANSWER

c. Pedon
 MATURE SOIL HAVE THE
FOLLOWING HORIZONS:
A.AB
B.ABC
C.BC
D.AC
 ANSWER

b. ABC
 YOUNG SOILS HAVE THE
FOLLOWING HORIZONS:
A.AB
B.ABC
C.ABCD
D.AC
 ANSWER

d. AC
 THE SOLUM IS COMPOSED OF
THESE HORIZONS
A.AB
B.BC
C.ABC
D.ABCR
 ANSWER

a. AB
 THE REGOLITH IS COMPOSED OF
THESE HORIZONS
A.AB
B.BC
C.ABC
D.ABCR
 ANSWER

c. ABC
 THE TOPSOIL IS COMPOSED OF
THESE HORIZONS
A.AB
B.A
C.B
D.C
ANSWER

b. A
 THE SUBSOIL USUALLY REFERS TO
THIS HORIZON
A.AB
B.A
C.B
D.C
ANSWER

c. B
 BLOCKS OF SOIL FROM EACH HORIZON
PASTED ON A HARD BOARD
A.Regolith
B.Monolith
C.Litolith
D.Pedon
 ANSWER

b. Monolith
 THE GOVERNMENT AGENCY IN CHARGE OF THE
SURVEY AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
A.BPI
B.BSWM
C.NAFC
D.DPWH
 ANSWER

b. BSWM
 BASIS FOR MAPPING THE
DISTRIBUTION OF PHILIPPINE
SOILS
A.Soil series/type
B.Soil order
C.Soil family
D.Great group
 ANSWER

a. Soil series/type
 SOIL PROFILE CHARACTERISTIC
IMPORTANT TO CIVIL ENGINEER
A.Color
B.Structure
C.Texture
D.Microbial population
 ANSWER

c. texture
 SOIL PROFILE CHARACTERISTIC
IMPORTANT TO BIOLOGIST
A.Roots and faunal activity signs
B.Color
C.Texture
D.Bulk density
 ANSWER

a. Roots and faunal activity signs

 STANDARD REFERENCE SYSTEM
FOR SOIL COLOR:
A.Soil taxonomy
B.Soil map
C.Soil survey report
D.Munsell color chart
 ANSWER

d. Munsell color chart

 SOIL COLOR DESCRIPTION

A.Hue, value, chroma

B.Tint, lightness, mixture
C.Shade, reflection
D.intensity
 ANSWER

a. Hue, value, chroma

 DESCRIBES DARKNESS OR
LIGHTNESS OF A SOIL COLOR
A.Hue
B.Value
C.Chroma
D.Intensity
 ANSWER

b. Value
 SIGN OF POOR DRAINAGE

A.Yellowish mottles
B.Bluish gray mottles
C.Reddish concretion
D.Reddish orange mottles
 ANSWER

b. Bluish gray mottles

 NATURAL SOIL AGGREGATES

A.crumb
B.Clods
C.Peds
D.Pebbles
 ANSWER

c. Peds
 A SIMPLE TEST FOR LIMESTONE
PARENT MATERIALS
A.H2SO4 reaction
B.HCl reaction
C.Brittleness
D.Stickiness
 ANSWER

b. HCl reaction
 STRUCTURELESS SOIL

A.Granular
B.Crumb
C.prismatic
D.massive/single-grained
 ANSWER

d. massive/single-grained