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Individualdifference 200322160603
Individualdifference 200322160603
Dr. Manju N. D
Assistant Professor
S.V.K. National College of Education
Individual Difference
Concept:
No two individuals are alike; not even identical twins
Each individual is distinct and unique
Individual differ in their intelligence, aptitude, interests, attitude
and other personality traits, Physical, cognitive and personality
areas.
Every man certain aspects:
- Like all other man
- Like some other man
- Like no other man
These differences between individuals that separate them from
one another and make one as a unique individual in oneself are
termed as Individual differences.
Knowledge of individual differences leads to the effective
Definition of individual difference
• According Carter B. Good : “the variations or
deviations among individuals in regard to a single
characteristic or a number of characteristics”.
• Osborne: “Individual differences as dissimilarity
between persons that distinguish them from one
another”
• The Dictionary of Clinical psychology: “Individual
differences as the deviation of individuals from
the group average or from each other”.
Causes of Individual Differences:
1. Heredity:
• Some heretical traits bring a change from one
individual to other.
• An individual’s height, size, shape and color of hair,
shape of face, nose, hands and legs so to say the
entire structure of the body is determined by his
heretical qualities.
• Intellectual differences are also to a great extent
influenced by hereditary factor.
2. Environment:
• Environment brings individual differences in
behaviour, activities, attitude, and style of life
characteristics, Personality etc.
• Environment does not refer only physical
surroundings but also it refers the different
types of people, society, their culture,
customs, traditions, social heritage, ideas and
ideals.
3. Race and Nationality:
• Race and Nationality is one cause of individual
difference.
• Indians are very peace loving, Chinese are
cruel; Americans are very frank due to race
and nationality.
4. Sex:
• Due to sex variation one individual differs
from other.
• Men are strong in mental power. On the other
hand women on the average show small
superiority over men in memory, language
and aesthetic sense.
• Women excel the men in shouldering social
responsibilities and have a better control over
their emotions.
5. Age:
• Age is another factor which is responsible in
bringing individual differences.
• Learning ability and adjustment capacity
naturally grow with age.
• When one grows in age can acquire better
control over our emotions and better social
responsibilities.
• When a child grows then this maturity and
development goes side by side.
5. Education:
• Education is one major factor which brings individual
differences.
• There is a wide gap in the behaviors of educated and
uneducated persons.
• All traits of human beings like social, emotional and
intellectual are controlled and modifies through
proper education.
• This education brings a change in our attitude,
behaviour, appreciations, Personality.
• It is seen that uneducated persons are guided by
their instinct and emotions where as the educated
persons are guided by their reasoning power.
Educational Implications of Individual Differences:
• Physical differences:
– Height,
– weight,
– colour of skin,
– eye,
– Hair,
– Shortness or tallness of stature,
– darkness or fairness of complexion,
– fatness, thinness, or weakness are various physical
individual differences., etc.
• Intellectual differences:
– Reasoning,
– thinking,
– imagination,
– creative expression,
– There are differences in intelligence level among
different individuals.
– The individuals from high intelligence (above 120
I.Q.) to idiots (from 0 to 50 I.Q.) on the basis of
their intelligence level. etc.
• Difference in social and moral development
– Happy social life,
– Anti-social activities,
– Feels isolated,
– Unethical behaviours etc.
• Emotional differences:
– Positive emotion,
– negative emotion,
– mature and
– immature emotion etc.
• Difference in motor ability
– Time,
– speed of action,
– steadiness,
– rate of muscular movement etc…
• Difference in achievement
– Achievement in knowledge
– Schooling,
– Experience.
– differences are very much visible in reading, writing
and in learning mathematics., etc…