Basics of Electrical Circuits

8032101-3

Lecture 3
 Lecture Contents

• Series Resistors.
• Parallel Resistors.
• Voltage Divider.
• Current Divider.
• Delta- star Transformation.
• Source Transformation.
 Series Resistors
The two or more resistors are connected in series when the current is the
same through them.

Note:
• The current of R1 to R7 is the same.
• The voltage of R1 to R7 is NOT the same.
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 Series Resistors
Example:

Basic of Electrical Circuits 4

 Parallel Resistors
The two or more resistors are connected in parallel when the
voltage is the same on them.

Note:
• The current of R1 to R4 is NOT the same.
• The voltage of R1 to R4 is the same.
Basic of Electrical Circuits 5
 Parallel Resistors

Example:

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 Parallel Resistors

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 Reiestors Series-Parallel
Example

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 Voltage divider
𝑅1
𝑣 1= 𝑣 𝑠
𝑅 1+ 𝑅2

𝑅2
𝑣 2= 𝑣 𝑠
𝑅1 + 𝑅2

Note: the smallest resistor take the lowest share of the voltage.
𝑅𝑛
In general: 𝑣 𝑛 =𝑣 𝑠 𝑅 + 𝑅 + …+ 𝑅
1 2 𝑁
Basic of Electrical Circuits 9
 Voltage divider

Example:

a) 4 v
b) 8 v
c) 12 v
d) -4 v
= (12)= 4v

Note: the smallest resistor take the lowest share of the voltage.
Basic of Electrical Circuits 10
 Current divider

𝑅2
𝑖1= 𝑖𝑠
𝑅1 + 𝑅2

𝑅1
𝑖2 =𝑖𝑠
𝑅1 + 𝑅 2

Note: the smallest resistor take the highest share of the current.
Basic of Electrical Circuits 11
 Current divider

Example:

a) 10 mA
b) 20 mA
c) 30 mA
d) -20 mA
= 20 mA
𝑖2 =?
Note: the smallest resistor take the highest share of the current.
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 Example: ,

= 1.333 A

(12) = 4v

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 Y-∆ and ∆-Y
Transformation

• Situations often arise in circuit analysis when

the resistors are neither in parallel nor in
series.
• For example, consider the bridge circuit in
Fig. a
• How do we combine resistors R1 through R6
when the resistors are neither in series nor in
parallel? Many circuits of the type shown in
Fig a The bridge network

Basic of Electrical Circuits 14

 Y-∆ and ∆-Y
Transformation

Fig b The Delta Or Pi Network Fig c The Y Or T network

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 ∆-Y

Conversions

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 Delta- star Transformation
Example: Convert the delta network in Figure to an equivalent Y network.

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 Delta- star Transformation

Y-∆

Basic of Electrical Circuits 18

 Example
Using Delta – Star transformation calculate the network
resistance.

If we were to treat resistors R1, R2, and R3 as being connected in a Delta

configuration (Rab, Rac, and Rbc respectively) and generate an equivalent
Y network to replace them, we could turn this bridge circuit into a (simpler)
series/parallel combination circuit.
Basic of Electrical Circuits 19
 Example
Convert Delta ABCA To Star

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 Example

= // (+ )]=
6+[(2+18) // (3+12)]= 14.571

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 Source Transformation
• Equivalent sources can be used to simplify the analysis of some circuits.
• A voltage source in series with a resistor is transformed into a current source in
parallel with a resistor.
• A current source in parallel with a resistor is transformed into a voltage source in
series with a resistor.
Rs

+
Vs Is Rs
-

Vs
Vs  Rs I s Is 
Rs
Basic of Electrical Circuits 22
 Source Transformation
Example:
a) For the circuit shown in Figure, find the power associated with the 6 V source.
b) State whether the 6 V source is absorbing or delivering the power calculated in (a).

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 Source Transformation

a) i = = 0.825 A

P6v = (6)(0.825)= 4.95 w.

b) The voltage source is absorbing

power.

Basic of Electrical Circuits 24