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RV College of
Engineering
 RV College of
Engineering Go, change the world

Team Members

Benjamin Varghese Alvin (RVCE23BCH005)

Manoj.r (RVCE23BCH014)

Vijaykumar ramu kadam(RVCE23BCHO22)

Vishal Rathod (RVCE23BCHO20)

 RV College of
Engineering Go, change the world

OVERVIEW

• WHY IOT?
• Air pollution monitoring using IOT
• Sustainable Developmental Goals
• Working Mechanism
• Prototype
• Components Required
• Physics Concept
• Maths Concept
• Mechanical Concept
• Implementations
• Research Papers
 RV College of
Engineering Go, change the world

Why IOT?

IoT, or the Internet of Things, refers to the network of interconnected devices embedded with
sensors, software, and connectivity, enabling them to collect, exchange, and act upon data to
enhance efficiency, automation, and decision-making in various domains. The following are the
reasons why we use IOT
Data Analysis and Trend Monitoring:
Historical data can be analyzed to identify trends, patterns, and correlations, aiding in long-
term air quality management.
Alerts and Notifications:
Automated alert systems can notify relevant authorities and the public when air quality levels
exceed predefined thresholds.
Real-time Monitoring:
Provides up-to-the-minute data on air quality, allowing for immediate responses to changes or
pollution events.
Remote Accessibility:
Users can access air quality data remotely via web interfaces or mobile apps.
 RV College of
Engineering Go, change the world

Air pollution monitoring using IOT

Air pollution has been on the rise with New Delhi holding the title as the most polluted city in the
world reaching as high as 400 PPM(Hazardous). Existing monitoring systems have inferior
precision, low sensitivity, and need laboratory analysis. Therefore, improved monitoring systems
are needed and our project helps by bringing real-time data to internet server for easy access to the
public.
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Sustainable Developmental Goals

1. GOOD HEALTH AND WELL BEING

2. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES

3. LIFE ON LAND

OUR PROJECT HELPS IN THE CREATION OF CLEANER AND HEALTHIER URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
BY PROVIDING DATA TO FORM POLICIES FOR BETTER AIR QUALITY BY MONITORING AIR
QUALITY. IT REDUCES HEALTH RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH AIR POLLUTION PROVIDING BETTER
HEALTH OUTCOMES FOR COMMUNITIES.
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WORKING MECHANISM
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PROTOTYPE
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COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1)Sensors:
Gas Sensors: Measure concentrations of specific gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon
monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate
matter (PM).
Environmental Sensors: Measure parameters like temperature, humidity, and pressure.
2)Microcontrollers/Processing Unit:
A microcontroller or processing unit collects data from the sensors and processes it locally.
3)Connectivity:
IoT devices are equipped with communication modules to transmit data to a central server or
cloud platform.
4)Data Storage and Analysis:
The data is sent to a cloud-based platform where it's stored and analyzed. Cloud services such
as AWS, Azure, or Google Cloud are commonly used.
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PHYSICS CONCEPT

Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Sensors: These sensors operate based on the changes in electrical
conductivity of metal oxides when they come into contact with specific gases.

Wireless Communication: Physics is involved in the wireless communication protocols used for
transmitting data from sensors to a central server or database. This can include principles from
radiofrequency communication, wireless sensor networks, and data encryption

Data Analysis and Modeling: The interpretation of air pollution data often involves the use of physics-
based models to understand the dispersion and behavior of pollutants in the atmosphere.

Environmental Monitoring Systems: These systems might include sensors for temperature, humidity, and
pressure. These parameters can affect the behavior of air pollutants, and their measurement can help in the
accurate interpretation of pollution data.
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MATH
Graph CONCEPT
Theory: Representing sensor networks as graphs and applying graph theory can help visualize
connections between sensors and identify critical nodes for data transmission and monitoring.

Optimization Algorithms: Optimizing the placement of sensors for efficient data collection, considering
factors such as coverage and cost, involves the use of optimization algorithms like genetic algorithms or
simulated annealing.

Multiple Regression: When multiple factors influence air quality, multiple regression analysis can be
used to model the relationship between pollutants and various influencing variables.

Linear Regression: Calibration is essential to ensure accurate sensor readings. Linear regression
models
can be employed to calibrate sensors by establishing a relationship between sensor readings and
actual.
pollutant concentrations
 RV College of
Engineering Go, change the world

MECHANICAL CONCEPT
Sensor Selection and Integration:
• Mechanical engineers are involved in selecting appropriate sensors for detecting various air
pollutants. They consider the mechanical compatibility and integration of these sensors into the
monitoring device.
Calibration Mechanisms:
• Mechanical aspects are involved in the design of calibration mechanisms for sensors. This
includes the development of adjustable components that allow for precise calibration to maintain
measurement accuracy.
Mechanical Vibrations and Shock Resistance:
• In industrial environments or areas with heavy machinery, mechanical engineers conduct
vibration and shock analysis to ensure the monitoring device can withstand mechanical stresses
without affecting its functionality
Material Selection and Durability:
• Choosing materials for the construction of the monitoring device involves considerations of
durability, resistance to environmental factors (such as corrosion or UV exposure), and the ability
to withstand varying temperatures.
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IMPLEMENTATIONS

Sensor Deployment:
Install sensors in strategic locations, considering factors such as traffic density, industrial zones,
and residential areas.
Connectivity Setup:
Configure communication modules to transmit data securely to the cloud.
Cloud Platform Integration:
Set up a cloud platform to receive, store, and process the data.
Data Analysis and Visualization:
Implement algorithms for data analysis and present the results through user-friendly interfaces.
Alert System Configuration:
Define threshold levels for different pollutants and set up automated alert systems.
 RV College of
Engineering Go, change the world

RESEARCH PAPER
AUTHOR TITLE PUBLI ABSTRACT VO Journal
CATIO LU
N
DATE ME
Anand Jayakumar , IoT Based Air 03| They have developed an IOT 08 International
Praviss Yesyand T , Pollution Mar| based Air pollution monitoring Research Journal
Venkstesh Prashanth Monitoring 2021 system over an internet server. of Engineering
K , Ramkumar System The system will show the air and Technology
quality in PPM on the LCD and
also as on webpage . The system
uses MQ2 and MQ7 sensor for
monitoring Air Quality.
Ramik Rawal Air Quality January With the help of sensors such as 09 International
Monitoring 2019 MQ135 and MQ7 and using IOT Journal of
System platform Thingspeak, he has Computational
created an IOT-based air quality Science and
monitoring system Engineering.
 RV College of
Engineering Go, change the world

AUTHOR TITLE PUBLICATI ABSTRACT VOLU JOURNAL

ON DATE ME

Dr.Muzameel Ahmed, Air Pollution 7 July 2021 The system has various 9 Internation
Dr.Suma V Monitoring parameters such as Air al Journal
System Using IOT Quality, Temperature and of Creative
Humidity sensors with ESP32 Research
microcontroller which Thoughts
collects and upload data into
the cloud using ESP32 Wi-Fi
module. The data is
transmitted to the cloud
platform using
MQTT(Message queuing
Telemetry Transport)
protocol and alerts the user.
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