HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY

• The two factor theory states that there

are certain factors in the work place that
cause job satisfaction while a certain set
of factors cause dissatisfaction
 Two Factor Motivational Theory

People are influenced by two factors:

1.Hygiene factors are needed to ensure an

employee does not become dissatisfied.
They do not lead to higher levels of
motivation, but without them there is
dissatisfaction.
2.Motivation factors are needed in order
to motivate an employee into higher
performance. These factors result from
internal generators in employees.
 Motivators
• Give positive satisfaction
• Arise from intrinsic conditions of the job
itself
• These include:
• Achievement
• Recognition
• Work itself
• Responsibility
• Promotion
• growth
 Hygiene factors
• Do not give positive satisfaction,
although dissatisfaction results from
their absence
• These are extrinsic to work itself
• They include:
• Pay and benefits
• Company policy and administration
• Relationships with co-workers
• Physical environment
• supervision
• Status
• Job security
• Satisfying these needs however will not
lead to motivation.
 Assignment

• Outline the application of Herzberg’s 2

factor theory to staff motivation
 References

• Herzberg Frederick, et al, (1959), The

Motivation to Work, (2nd edition), New
York.
• Khalifa et al, (2010), The Relationship
Between Employee Perceptions of Equity
and Job Satisfaction. Eurasian Jounal of
business and economics 3.
 Chapman, Alan (n.d.). Frederick Herzberg
motivational theory, motivators and
hygiene factors. Businessballs.com
Retrieved 7/21/10 from
http://www.businessballs.com/herzberg.
htm
Frederick Herzberg (1968). "One More
Time: How Do You Motivate
Employees?". Harvard Business Review
Value Based Management.net. Two Factor
Theory – Herzberg, Frederick. Retrieved
from:
http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/
methods_herzberg_two_factor_theory.ht
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