Blood

Functions:

supply all body parts

with oxygen and Maintaining of body
Clot formation
nutrients temperature

Protection against pH and osmosis

foreign substance regulation
 • Plasma
• THE LIQUID PORTION OF THE BLOOD
• CLEAR
• 55% OF OUR BLOOD IS PLASMA
• DISTRIBUTE NUTRIENTS
 • FORMED ELEMENTS

- erythrocyte
• ANUCLEATE
• IRON BEARING PROTEIN
• TRANSPORT OXYGEN
• OUTNUMBER WBC
• CONTRIBUTE TO THE VISCOSITY OF
BLOOD
• 12-18G PER 100ML OF HEMOGLOBIN IS THE
NORMAL BLOOD
 • FORMED ELEMENTS

- leukocytes

• 4000 - 11000 WBC/MM³

• MOVABLE ARMY
• DEFEND THE BODY AGAINST BACTERIA,
VIRUSES AND PARASITES
• LOCATE AREA OF A DAMAGE TISSUE
 • FORMED ELEMENTS

- leukocytes

• LEUKOCYTOSIS
WBC count above 11000/mm³
• LEUKOPENIA
Low WBC count
• DIAPEDESIS - SLIP IN AND OUT OF BLOOD
VESSELS
 • FORMED ELEMENTS

- leukocytes
TYPES OF WBC: GRANULOCYTE
NEUTROPHILS
• Most abundant in WBC
• 1st line of defense
EOSINOPHILS
• Resemble old-fashioned telephone
• blue-red nucleus
 • FORMED ELEMENTS

- leukocytes
BASOPHIL
• Rarest of the WBC
• LARGE, Histamine-containing granule

TYPES OF WBC: AGRANULOCYTE

LYMPHOCYTES
• Dark purple nucleus
• occupies most of cell volume
MONOCYTES
• LARGEST WBC
• migrate into the tissue = macrophages
 • FORMED ELEMENTS

- platelets

• FOR CLOTTING
• SMALL AND COLORLESS
• ALSO KNOWS AS THROMBOCYTE
 Hematopoiesis • lost rbc are replaced by division
of hemocytoblasts
• blood cell production
• become rigid and fragment as
they age
• Life span of 100-120 days
Erythropoietin - erythrocyte production
Thrombopoietin - accelerate production of platelet
 Hemostasis

Vascular spasm Platelet plug forms

Vasoconstriction - response to blood • injury to the lining of vessels
vessel injury • - coagulation occur
 Blood Group &
Transfusion
• Antigen - body recognizes it as foreign
• Antibodues - recognizes foreign substance
and eliminate them
• Agglutination - binding of antibodies =
clumping of RBC
• Anti-Rh antibodies - not automatically
formed
• Hemolysis - destructuon of olde RBC to
replace them with new one

- in blood transfusion rupture of rbc does not

occur w/1st transfusion
 Blood typing
• Blood typing of ABO blood group - serum Anti-A or
Anti-B antibodies is added to blood sample —
agglutination will occur between antibody and
CORRESPONDING antigen
• Cross matching - detect presence of antibodies in the
recepient against the rbc od the donor
Blood type

Type A
• A antigen
• Anti-B antibodies
• 41% of the population has this blood type
• Receive transfusion from type A or Type O blood

Type B
• B antigen
• anti-A antibody
• 10% of the population
Type
•
ab
Both A & B antigens
• no antibodies in plasma
• 4% of the population
• UNIVERSAL RECEIVER
Blood type

Type O
• No A or B antigens
• Both A & B antibodies in plasma
• 45% of the population
• UNIVERSAL DONORS
• Can ONLY receive O type
END OF SLIDE
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