MOMENTU

M
FRANCES MARIE A. TALLEDO
MOMENTUM
characteristics of a moving object that
is related to the mass and velocity of
the object

• Mass in motion

• Described by Newton as the

“quantity of motion”
How is the momentum of an
object be determined?
MOMENTUM
characteristics of a moving object that
is related to the mass and velocity of
the object

• Mass in motion

• Described by Newton as the

“quantity of motion”
How is the momentum of an
Momentum = mass x velocity object be determined?
P= mv
Kilogram-meter per seconds
(kg.m/s)
MOMENTUM

The momentum of an object

depends on its mass and
velocity

• The greater the velocity, the greater

momentum
MOMENTUM

• The greater the mass, the greater

momentum
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
GIVEN:
vg =16 m/s mg =0.045 kg
vb =7 m/s mb =0.14 kg

FORMULA
p= mv
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
Golf Baseball
P=mv P=mv
P=(0.045kg)(16m/s) P=(0.014kg)(7m/s)
P=0.72 kgm/s P=0.98 kgm/s

The baseball has greater momentum

 Sample Problems

A 2250 kg pickup truck has a

velocity of 25 m/s to the east.
What is the momentum of
the truck?
 Sample Problems
GIVEN:
m=2250 kg
V=25m/s east
A 2250 kg pickup truck has a
Unknown: p
velocity of 25 m/s to the east.
FORMULA
What is the momentum of
p= mv
the truck?
SOLUTION:

P=mv
P=(2250 kg)(25m/s)
P=5.6x104 kg m/s East
 Lets try!
A 1200 kg car drives west
at 25 m/s for 3 hours.
What is the car’s
momentum?
 Lets try!
A 1200 kg car drives west
at 25 m/s for 3 hours.
What is the car’s
momentum?

GIVEN:
m=1200 kg
V=25m/s
t=3hrs

Unknown: p
 Lets try!
A 1200 kg car drives west FORMULA
at 25 m/s for 3 hours. p= mv

What is the car’s

momentum? SOLUTION:

GIVEN:
P=mv
m=1200 kg P=(1200 kg)(-25m/s)
V=-25m/s P= -30,000kg m/s
t=3hrs P=30,000 kg m/s East

Unknown: p
 Lets try!

A 5 kg ball accelerates at a
rate of 2.00 m/s^2 for 1.5 s.
Calculate the ball’s
momentum after the
acceleration.
 Lets try!
GIVEN:
m=5 kg FORMULA
a=2.00 m/s 2 v=at
A 5 kg ball accelerates at a t=1.5 s p= mv
Unknown: p,v
rate of 2.00 m/s2
for 1.5 s. Calculate the ball’s
momentum after the
SOLUTION:
acceleration. SOLUTION:

v=at P=mv
V=(2.00m/s2 )(1.5s) P=(5 kg)(3.00m/s)
V=3.00m/s P=15kg m/s
 How hard is it to stop a moving object?
To stop an object, we have to apply a
force over a period of time.

Using Newton’s 2nd Law we get

FΔt= mΔv
Which means

Impulse = change in momentum

J= Δp
IMPULSE
• Force applied over a period of time
• It is the change in momentum

Impulse = FΔt Units: N∙s

F = force (N)
Δt = time elapsed (s)
 Sample Problem
GIVEN:
F=50 N
A 50 N is applied to M= 100 kg
100 kg boulder for 3 s. t= 3s

Solve the Impulse

J=F t

SOLUTION:
(50 N)(3s)= 150 N.s
 Sample Problem

What average force

will stop a 1,000 kg car
in 1.5s if the car is
moving at 22 m/s?
 Sample Problem
GIVEN:
vi=22m/s; vf= 0m/s
What average force M= 1000 kg
t= 1.5s
will stop a 1,000 kg car
in 1.5s if the car is F Δt= mΔv
moving at 22 m/s? SOLUTION:
F=mvf-mvi
Δt
F= (1000 kg)(0m/s)-(1000 kg)(22 m.s)
F= -22000kgm/s
1.5
F= - 14,666 N
Lets try!

A hockey stick
exerting a force of 120
N on a puck during the
0.05s they are in
contact
 Lets try!
GIVEN:
F= 1000 N
A hockey stick t= 0.05s

exerting a force of 120

J= Ft
N on a puck during the
SOLUTION:
0.05s they are in J= 1000N x 0.05s
contact J= 50N.s
 Lets try!
Anna kicks a ball rolling GIVEN:
vi= 6m/s
at 6 m/s after the kick the Vf= 36m/s
ball attains a velocity of M= ½ or 0.5kg

36 m/s. Find the impulse J= mΔv

applied to the ball if the SOLUTION:
mass of the ball is 1/2 kg. J= 0.5 kg(36m/s-6m/s)
J= 0.5kg(30m/s)
J= 15 Ns
 Lets try!
A medicine ball is
hurtling towards you at
15m/s. you weakly try to
stop it by applying a 100
N force for 0.1 s. you
don’t stop the ball, but it
slows to 14m/s. Calculate
the mass of the ball.
 Lets try!
GIVEN:
A medicine ball is vi= 15m/s
vf= 14m/s
hurtling towards you at F= 100 N
T=0.1 s
15m/s. you weakly try to FORMULA:
stop it by applying a 100 FΔt= mΔv
SOLUTION:
N force for 0.1 s. you FΔt= mΔv
don’t stop the ball, but it FΔt = m
Δv
slows to 14m/s. Calculate (-100N)(0.1) = m
the mass of the ball. 14 m/s-15m/s
(-100N)(0.1) = m
-1m/s
10 kg= m
Conservation Refers to the condition before and after

of Momentum
some event

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2

 Sample Problem
GIVEN:
Suppose two balls with a
m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 2 kg
mass of 5 Kg and 2 Kg are
Initial Velocities: u1 = 6 m/s and u2 = 2 m/s
moving in the same
Final Velocities: v1 = 5 m/s and v2 = ?
direction at 6 m/s and
2 m/s respectively collide, m 1 u 1 + m 2 u 2 = m 1 v1 + m 2 v2
and after the collision, the
5 kg ball is moving at a
speed of 5 m/s. What is the
speed of the 2 kg ball?
 Sample Problem
GIVEN:
Suppose two balls with a
m1 = 5 kg and m2 = 2 kg
mass of 5 Kg and 2 Kg are
Initial Velocities: u1 = 6 m/s and u2 = 2 m/s
moving in the same
Final Velocities: v1 = 5 m/s and v2 = ?
direction at 6 m/s and
2 m/s respectively collide, m 1 u 1 + m 2 u 2 = m 1 v1 + m 2 v2
and after the collision, the
5 kg ball is moving at a SOLUTION:
speed of 5 m/s. What is the
(5)(6) + (2)(2) = (5)(5) + 2(v2)
speed of the 2 kg ball?
30 + 4 = 25+ 2(v2)
2v2 = 34 – 25 = 9
v2 = 4.5 m/s
 LETS TRY!

Find the velocity of a bullet of mass

8 grams when fired from a pistol of
mass 2.4 kg. (Recoil velocity of the
pistol is 1 m/s)
 LETS TRY!
GIVEN:
Mass of Bullet, m1 = 8 gram = 0.008 kg
Mass of Pistol, m2 = 2.4 kg
Find the velocity of a
Initial velocity of the bullet, u1 = 0
bullet of mass 8 grams Initial Recoil velocity of a pistol, u 2 = 0
when fired from a pistol of Velocity of a bullet, v1 =?
mass 2.4 kg. (Recoil Recoil Velocity of pistol, v2 = 1 m/s
velocity of the pistol is 1
m/s) m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
SOLUTION:
(0.008)(0) + (2.4)(0) = (0.008)(v1) + (2.4)(1.5)
0 = (0.008)(v1) + 3.6
v1 = 3.6/(0.0008) = 350 m/s

Hence, the recoil velocity of the pistol is 350 m/s